专题三　推理判断（讲解部分）-精品文档资料整理.pptx

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1、方法技巧栏目索引专题三推理判断高考英语高考英语方法技巧栏目索引方法技巧方法技巧一、推理判断类题目常见的设问方式一、推理判断类题目常见的设问方式1.Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat.2.Inwhichofthefollowingpublications(出版物)wouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?3.Thepassageimplies,butdoesntdirectlystatethat.4.Thewritersuggeststhat.5.Theauthorprobablyfeelsthat.6.

2、Theauthorusestheexampleof.toshowthat.7.Whatstheauthorsattitudetoward?8.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheattitudeoftheauthorto-wards.?方法技巧栏目索引9.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying.?10.Thetoneofthispassagecouldbebestdescribedas.11.Theauthorwritesthepassageinatoneof.12.Theauthorthinks/believes/suggeststh

3、at.二、注意干扰项的突出特点二、注意干扰项的突出特点1.只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出来的结论,把直接表达当作间接推理;2.看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符,如因果倒置、手段变目的等;3.根据考生已有的常识来看是正确的,但是却不是基于文章;4.推理过头,引申过度。方法技巧栏目索引三、推理判断类题目常用的解题方法三、推理判断类题目常用的解题方法1.隐含推断题典例典例1(2018课标全国,D片段)Sowhatsthesolution(解决方案)?Theteamsdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldha

4、ppenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.S

5、topusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.方法技巧栏目索引解析解析隐含推断题。根据题干中的suggest可判断此题为隐含推断题。本题题干意为:文章建议人们如何处理陈旧的电子设备?该段讲到了解决方案,指出研究人员探索了消费者用有多种功能的电子产品替换陈旧产品后的结果。由最后一句可知,用平板电脑代替电视和台式电脑来收看娱乐节目,会减少44%的能源消耗。由此可知文章建议人们不要再使用陈旧的电子设备,故A项正确。答案答案A方法技巧栏目索引2.预测推断题方法技巧栏目索引典例典例2Onthewhole,Brookssstoryisac

6、ceptableifuninspired.Asonewouldexpect,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed,forinstance,thechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharacters,themoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewhere.These

7、problemspartlyinvolveBrookssattempttotranslatehistaleintosci-ence.Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?A.Problemswiththebook.B.Brooksslifeexperiences.C.Deathofthecharacters.D.Brooksstranslationskills.方法技巧栏目索引解析解析根据第五句可知,这本书中有些问题是Brooks企图用科学去解释他所写的故事。由此推断出,接下来文章可能要讲到这本书中存在的一些问题,故A项符

8、合文章内容。答案答案A方法技巧栏目索引3.文章出处及语篇类型题方法技巧栏目索引典例典例3(2019课标全国,C)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologieslikefingerprintscanstokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillex-pensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhaveco

9、meupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkey-boardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauserstypingandthetimebe-tweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsar

10、euniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekey-方法技巧栏目索引boardcandeterminepeoplesidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputeritsconnectedtoregardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesntrequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearentalreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybo

11、dytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwa

12、rdtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpen-sive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.方法技巧栏目索引Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.解析解析文章介绍了一种新的保护电子隐私空间的设备智能键盘,并且希望该产品能很快进入市场。文章语言客观严谨,属于科普类说明文。根据选项可迅速确定答案。答案答案D方法技巧栏目索引4.推断写作意图题写作意图方法技巧栏目索引典例

13、典例4(2016课标全国,C)IfyouareafruitgrowerorwouldliketobecomeonetakeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhatsaround.ItscalledAppleDaybutinpracticeitsmorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21,butsinceithascaughton,eventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,a

14、widevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesnttasteofanythingspe-cial,itsstillworthatry,asistheknobbly(多疙瘩的)Cats

15、Headwhichis方法技巧栏目索引moreofacuriositythananythingelse.Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyoullneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soitsapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Attheevents,youcanmeetexper

16、tgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditions,andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs,childrenarewellcateredforwithapple-themedfunandgames.AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includ-ingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards(果园).Ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience,tryvisitingt

17、heNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.方法技巧栏目索引Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhowtogrowapples.B.Tointroduceanapplefestival.C.Tohelppeopleselectapples.D.Topromoteappleresearch.解析解析本文的主题是社会文化。通读全文可知,文章的写作目的是介绍一个苹果节。答案答案B方法技巧栏目索引5.判断观点态度题方法技巧栏目索引典例典例5(2018课标全国,D片段)Wema

18、ythinkwereaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.Thatsbadnewsfortheenvironmentandourwalletsastheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.方法技巧栏目索引解析解析根据第一段最后一句中的关键信息“theseoutdateddevicescon-sumemuchmoreenergythanthenewerones”可知,继续使用过时的装置对环境和我们的钱包都不利,因为它们与新装置相比会消耗更多的能源。由此可判断,作者认为新装置更环保。答案答案A