《解破学生殖系统》PPT课件.ppt

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1、Hunan University of Arts and ScienceHUMAN ANATOMY1Question:How many reference lines in the thorax and abdomen?Answer:more than 12 reference lines which are listed below:Median lines:Anterior median line and posterior median lineAxillary lines:Anterior axillary line,midaxillary line,posterior axillar

2、y lineSternal lines:Lateral sternal line,parasternal lineLateral sternal line,parasternal lineHorizontal line:Subcostal line,transtubercular lineSubcostal line,transtubercular lineMidclavicular line,scapular line,paravertebral line2ContentChapter 5 The Alimentary SystemThe General DescriptionThe Ali

3、mentary Canal.The Digestive Glands.3The basic constituents of the digestive systemThe main functions of the digestive systemSection 1 The General DescriptionContent4 The basic constituents of the digestive systemDigestive canalAccessory organsThe mouthThe pharynxThe esophagusThe stomachThe intestine

4、The teeth The tongueThe gallbladderThe salivary glandsThe liverThe pancreas消化系统消化系统5Stomach Liver IleumJejunumMajor salivary glands Pharynx Esophagus Mouth DuodenumRectumLarge intestinePancreas6Absorption of the nutrient components(proteins,carbohydrates,fats,vitamins,minerals and water)营养物质的吸收营养物质的

5、吸收 The main functions of the digestive systemIngestion of foods 摄入食物摄入食物Defecation 排便排便:the elimination of indigestible substances from the body via the anus in the form of feces.7The oral cavity 口腔口腔The pharynx 咽咽The esophagus 食管食管The stomach 胃胃The small intestine 小肠小肠The large intestine 大肠大肠Sectio

6、n 2 The Digestive Duct8 The oral cavity 口腔口腔The oral cavity includes two parts:The Oral Vestibule口腔前庭口腔前庭The Oral Cavity Proper固有口腔固有口腔The oral cavity口腔前庭为口腔内牙龈、牙口腔前庭为口腔内牙龈、牙口腔前庭为口腔内牙龈、牙口腔前庭为口腔内牙龈、牙弓外侧部的部分，外界为唇弓外侧部的部分，外界为唇弓外侧部的部分，外界为唇弓外侧部的部分，外界为唇和颊，内界为牙龈和牙齿。和颊，内界为牙龈和牙齿。和颊，内界为牙龈和牙齿。和颊，内界为牙龈和牙齿。固有口腔上壁

7、为硬腭和软腭，固有口腔上壁为硬腭和软腭，固有口腔上壁为硬腭和软腭，固有口腔上壁为硬腭和软腭，下壁为舌、粘膜和骨骼肌，侧下壁为舌、粘膜和骨骼肌，侧下壁为舌、粘膜和骨骼肌，侧下壁为舌、粘膜和骨骼肌，侧壁为牙弓、牙齿和牙龈。壁为牙弓、牙齿和牙龈。壁为牙弓、牙齿和牙龈。壁为牙弓、牙齿和牙龈。9The Oral Vestibule口腔前庭口腔前庭The Oral Cavity Proper固有口腔固有口腔10The Oral Vestibule 口腔前庭口腔前庭11The Oral Cavity Proper 固有口腔固有口腔12It constitutes the roof of the mouth

8、and the floor of the nasal cavity(鼻腔鼻腔).The palate(腭腭)Hard palate(硬腭硬腭)：an anterior 2/3 partSoft palate(软腭软腭):a posterior 1/3 partThe palate 硬腭主要以骨腭为基硬腭主要以骨腭为基础，覆盖黏膜而成。础，覆盖黏膜而成。软腭由肌、肌腱和粘膜组成，后部斜向后下，称腭软腭由肌、肌腱和粘膜组成，后部斜向后下，称腭帆。腭帆后缘游离，中央有向下的突起称腭垂。帆。腭帆后缘游离，中央有向下的突起称腭垂。13Hard palate Hard palate(硬腭硬腭硬腭硬腭)So

9、ft palate Soft palate(软腭软腭软腭软腭)Uvula Uvula(悬雍垂悬雍垂悬雍垂悬雍垂)14The teeth(Dentes牙齿牙齿)Two setsDeciduous teeth 乳牙乳牙Permanent teeth 恒牙恒牙Two sets for the teeth15The Deciduous teeth 乳牙乳牙20 in number,ten teeth in each mandibular and maxillary arch.中切牙中切牙 侧切牙侧切牙尖牙尖牙第一磨牙第一磨牙第二磨牙第二磨牙1617The special points for the

10、deciduous teethEruption萌发萌发:starts at about 6 mouths of age and continues to the beginning of the 3rd year.Shedding脱落脱落:occurs between the 6th and the 12th years with replacement by the permanent teeth.乳牙乳牙6 6个月大时开始萌发个月大时开始萌发,3,3岁初出全岁初出全,共共2020个个.18The Permanent teeth 恒牙恒牙 32 in number,sixteen in ea

11、ch mandibular and maxillary arch.中切牙中切牙 侧切牙侧切牙尖牙尖牙第一磨牙第一磨牙第二磨牙第二磨牙第三磨牙第三磨牙第一前磨牙第一前磨牙第二前磨牙第二前磨牙19Upper jawFrontRearLower jawupper jawlower jawincisors22canines11premolars22molars33The components of the permanent teeth2021The special points for the permanent teeth The first permanent molar第第1恒磨牙恒磨牙:ap

12、pears at about 6 years of age.The third molars(wisdom teeth)第第3磨牙磨牙:many persons erupt at any time after the 12 years of age or not at all.22Comparsion between the milk teeth and permanent teeth2 sets for the human teethmilk teeth(乳齿乳齿)permanent teeth(恒齿恒齿)Delicate(易受易受损损的的)and will gradually fall o

13、ut Replace the milk teethWill not be replaced by the new teeth if lostSmaller and whiter than the permanent teeth23Gum gm:牙龈牙龈 The parts of a toothCrown(齿齿冠冠)Neck(齿颈齿颈)Root(齿齿根根)the region above the gumthe region surrounded by the gumthe region embedded inside the jawbone24基本结构基本结构附属结构附属结构The struct

14、ure of a toothEnamel(釉质釉质)Dentine(牙质牙质)Cement(牙骨质牙骨质)Pulp cavity(髓髓腔腔)Periodontal membrane(牙周膜牙周膜)Jawbone(腭骨腭骨)Gingiva(牙龈牙龈)Tooth structure25Enamel(珐琅质珐琅质)Enamel(珐琅质珐琅质)the outermost,non-living,hard layermainly made of calcium phosphate(磷酸钙磷酸钙)and a small amount of organic matterprotects the tooth26

15、Dentine(牙本质牙本质)Dentine(牙本质牙本质)the middle layerhard and bone-like,but softer than enamelhas strands(丝条丝条)of the living cytoplasm(胞质胞质)running through it27Cement(牙骨质牙骨质)Cement(牙骨质牙骨质)an unusual form of bonecovers the root of the tooth28Pulp cavity(髓腔髓腔)Pulp cavity(髓腔髓腔)the innermost partcontains livin

16、g cells,blood vessels and nerves29Periodontal membrane&JawbonePeriodontal membrane (牙周膜牙周膜)Jawbone(牙槽骨牙槽骨)30牙牙整整体体结结构构示示意意图图31 The tongue 舌舌Two partsTongue body:anterior 2/3Tongue root:posterior 1/3Tongue partsThe muscular organ is divided into two parts by the v-shaped terminal sulcus(界沟界沟).bodyroo

17、t32The foramen cecum of the tongue 舌盲孔舌盲孔vAt the apex of terminal sulcus there is a small median pit(洞洞),called the foramen cecum of tongue 舌盲孔舌盲孔.舌盲孔舌盲孔v舌盲孔舌盲孔为甲状舌管朝向咽的为甲状舌管朝向咽的开口部的残存结构。开口部的残存结构。33 The papillae of the tongue 舌乳头舌乳头Filiform papillae 丝状乳头丝状乳头 Fungiform papillae 菌状乳头菌状乳头 Foliate papil

18、lae 叶状乳头叶状乳头Vallate papillae 轮廓乳头轮廓乳头菌状乳头、菌状乳头、叶状乳头、叶状乳头、轮廓乳头以及会厌等处轮廓乳头以及会厌等处的粘膜上皮内，均含有味蕾，为味觉感受器。的粘膜上皮内，均含有味蕾，为味觉感受器。Papillae typesThere are 4 types of the papillae on the tongue.34Filiform papillae Fungiform papillae Foliate papillaeVallate papillae35The papillae of the tongue view36The papillae of

19、 the tongue view37Masses of sub-mucosal lymphoid(淋巴的淋巴的)tissue on the root of the tongue.舌扁桃体由许多淋巴组织构成的许多大小不等的突起组成。舌扁桃体由许多淋巴组织构成的许多大小不等的突起组成。The lingual tonsil 舌扁桃体舌扁桃体38The salivary glandsMajor salivary glandsMinor salivary glandsParotid glandSubmandibular glandSublingual glandTongue gland 舌腺舌腺Lip

20、gland 唇腺唇腺Cheek gland 颊腺颊腺Palatine gland 腭腺腭腺The salivary glands can be divided into two groups according to their sizes:39Major salivary glands view40 The Pharynx 咽咽The general featuresA fibromuscular (纤维肌肉质的纤维肌肉质的)tube,part of the digestive and respiratory systems.Extends from the base of the skul

21、l to the lower border of the C6 level.Three segments are divided for the pharynx.41Three segmentsNasopharynx 鼻咽部鼻咽部Oropharynx 口咽部口咽部Laryngopharynx 喉咽部喉咽部 Three segments鼻咽部上达颅底，下至腭帆后缘平面续口咽部。鼻咽部上达颅底，下至腭帆后缘平面续口咽部。喉咽部上起自会厌上缘平面，下至第喉咽部上起自会厌上缘平面，下至第6颈椎体下缘颈椎体下缘平面与食管相续平面与食管相续。口咽部位于腭帆后缘与会厌平面之间，向前经咽峡口咽部位于腭帆后缘与

22、会厌平面之间，向前经咽峡与口腔相通。与口腔相通。4243 The Esophagus 食管食管 General features A muscular tube about 25cm longThree constrictions(狭窄狭窄)for the esophagus.(注：为食道癌好发部位注：为食道癌好发部位)Passing through the diaphragm at level of the T10 vertebra and enters the stomach after 12 cmConnecting the pharynx at level of the C6 vert

23、ebra44 Three constrictions 三个狭窄三个狭窄Three constrictionsCommencementWhere crossed by the left bronchusWhere pass through the diaphragm 第一狭窄处第一狭窄处At its beginning:lies at level of C6,is the narrowest part of the esophagus.第二狭窄处第二狭窄处Where it is crossed by the left main bronchus:lies at level of interver

24、tebral disc between T4 and T5.第三狭窄处第三狭窄处Where it passes through the esophageal hiatus (裂孔裂孔)of diaphragm:40cm from incisors(切牙切牙),at level of T1045Three constrictions三个狭窄三个狭窄Commencement:lies at level of C6,is the narrowest part of the esophagus.Where crossed by the left bronchus:lies at level of in

25、tervertebral disc between T4 and T5.Where pass through the diaphragm:40cm from incisors(切牙),at level of T1046 The Stomach胃胃 The stomach shapeTwo surface Anterior and posteriorTwo curvatures(弯曲弯曲)Lesser curvature 胃小弯胃小弯 Greater curvature 胃大弯胃大弯Two openings(开口开口)Cardia 贲门贲门Pylorus 幽门幽门47临床上将幽门部称为胃窦临床上

26、将幽门部称为胃窦,此部和胃小弯附近是溃疡和癌症的此部和胃小弯附近是溃疡和癌症的好发部位好发部位.Four parts for the stomach Cardiac part 贲门部贲门部Fundus of stomach 胃底胃底Body of stomach 胃体胃体Pyloric part 幽门部幽门部Pyloric antrum 幽门窦幽门窦Pyloric canal 幽门管幽门管Stomach parts 48Pyloric part 幽门部幽门部Fundus胃底胃底Body胃体胃体Cardiac part 贲门部贲门部Pyloric antrum 幽门窦幽门窦Pyloric can

27、al 幽门管幽门管49 The structure of the stomach wall Stomach wall胃壁有四层胃壁有四层,粘膜呈桔红色粘膜呈桔红色,胃空虚时形成许多皱壁胃空虚时形成许多皱壁,充盈时变平。充盈时变平。It consists of the four usual layers.Mucosa 粘膜层粘膜层Submucosa 粘膜下层粘膜下层Muscularis 肌肉层肌肉层Serosa 浆膜层浆膜层50粘膜层粘膜层粘膜下层粘膜下层肌肉层肌肉层浆膜层浆膜层5152About 5-7m long,It can be divided into three parts.The

28、Small Intestine小肠小肠小肠组成小肠组成 General featuresDuodenum 十二指肠十二指肠Jejunum 空肠空肠Ileum 回肠回肠duodenum .dju dnm .dju()u dnm 十二指肠十二指肠5354 The wall structure of the small intestine肠壁结构仍为肠壁结构仍为4层。层。特点：特点：小肠管壁有环形小肠管壁有环形皱襞，粘膜有许多绒毛皱襞，粘膜有许多绒毛分布分布,增加吸收面积。增加吸收面积。55 Duodenum 十二指肠十二指肠Duodenum can be divided into four par

29、ts.Superior part 上部Descending part 降部Horizontal part 水平部Ascending part 升部十二指十二指肠分部肠分部十二指肠围成十二指肠围成C字形字形,包绕胰头包绕胰头.降部中段后内降部中段后内侧壁上有一纵行皱襞侧壁上有一纵行皱襞,称十二指肠纵襞称十二指肠纵襞,其下端其下端形成十二指肠大乳头形成十二指肠大乳头,为肝胰壶腹的开口处。为肝胰壶腹的开口处。56CharacteristicJejunum空肠空肠Ileum回肠回肠PositionUpper 2/5Lower 3/5 DiameterGreaterLessWallThickerThin

30、Circular folds环状皱襞Larger,numerous and large villi高而密,绒毛大Fewer，smaller and less abundant villiVascularity血管供应GreaterLess Colour Deeper redPaler pink粉红色 Lymphatic follicles淋巴滤泡Solitary分散单独存在Aggregated集合存在Fat in mesentery肠系膜脂肪 Less肠系膜脂肪少More肠系膜脂肪多 Jejunum and ileum空肠和回肠空肠和回肠57Jejunum and ileum Jejunumi

31、leum58 The Large Intestine大肠大肠Approximately 1.5m long,Five parts:Cecum 盲肠盲肠 Vermiform appendix 阑尾阑尾Colon 结肠结肠Rectum 直肠直肠 Anal canal 肛管肛管大肠分部大肠分部59The remarkable features for lthe arge Intestine 大肠的三个鉴别性特征大肠的三个鉴别性特征Colic bands 结肠带结肠带Haustra of colon 结肠袋结肠袋Epiploic appendices 肠脂垂肠脂垂Colic bandsHaustra

32、of colon Epiploic appendices60Vermiform appendix 阑尾阑尾Blind worm-like tube,68cm long,about 0.5cm in diameter.盲肠表面的盲肠表面的3 3条结肠带均集中到阑尾根部条结肠带均集中到阑尾根部,手术手术中依据这一特点来寻找阑尾中依据这一特点来寻找阑尾.The base at the appendix (阑尾阑尾)lies at the point of convergence of three colic bands (used as a guide to find the appendix du

33、ring operation).61Surface marking of the base is at the so-called McBurneys point which is at the junction of the lateral and middle thirds of line joining right anterior superior iliac spine and umbilicus.The surface marking for the base of Vermiform appendix 阑尾根部体表投影点阑尾根部体表投影点阑尾根部的体表投影点阑尾根部的体表投影点,

34、通常以右髂通常以右髂前上棘与脐的连线的中、外前上棘与脐的连线的中、外1/31/3交点交点处为代表，该点被称为处为代表，该点被称为McBurney点点.62Ascending colon升结肠Transverse colon横结肠Descending colon 降结肠Sigmoid colon乙状结肠 Colon 结肠结肠结肠分部结肠分部升结肠和降结肠无系膜升结肠和降结肠无系膜,乙状乙状结肠是恶性肿瘤的多发部位结肠是恶性肿瘤的多发部位.6364Rectum and anal canal 直肠与肛管直肠与肛管直肠是大肠位于骨盆腔下直肠是大肠位于骨盆腔下部的一段部的一段,全长全长10-14cm。肛

35、管为直肠的肛门部，长肛管为直肠的肛门部，长3-4cm。65直肠有两个弯曲和三个直直肠有两个弯曲和三个直肠横襞。肠横襞。肛管内有纵行皱襞，形成肛管内有纵行皱襞，形成6-10条肛柱，肛柱的末端条肛柱，肛柱的末端形成肛窦。形成肛窦。直肠与肛管的特点直肠与肛管的特点直肠横襞直肠横襞肛柱肛柱肛窦肛窦66The formation of the hemorroids 肛痔的形成肛痔的形成直肠与肛道粘膜直肠与肛道粘膜及粘膜下层内有丰及粘膜下层内有丰富的静脉丛，容易富的静脉丛，容易发生瘀血而静脉曲发生瘀血而静脉曲张，形成痔。张，形成痔。67The liver 肝肝The gallbladder 胆囊胆囊The

36、 pancreas 胰胰Section 3 The Digestive Glands68 The Liver 肝肝The liver is the largest single gland in the body and performs many vital functions.69The liver shapeThere are two surfaces for liver.The shape and location of the liver Diaphragmatic surface膈面膈面Visceral surface 脏面脏面The liver shape肝上面臌隆肝上面臌隆,对

37、向隔故称对向隔故称膈面膈面；肝下面凹凸不平；肝下面凹凸不平,邻接一些腹腔器官邻接一些腹腔器官,称为称为脏面脏面70Diaphragmatic surface膈面膈面Right and left lobes divided by the falciform ligamentConvex and smooth表面凸起且光滑表面凸起且光滑.71Visceral surface脏面脏面Has a H-shaped fissures and grooves and divided into four lobes.Left lobe左叶左叶Right lobe右叶右叶Quadrate lobe 方叶方叶C

38、audate lobe尾状叶尾状叶脏面分叶脏面分叶72方叶方叶尾状叶尾状叶左叶左叶右叶右叶73The liver location肝大部分位于右季肋区和腹上肝大部分位于右季肋区和腹上区，小部分达左季肋区。肝前区，小部分达左季肋区。肝前面大部分被肋所掩盖，仅有一面大部分被肋所掩盖，仅有一小部分露出剑突之外，下缘不小部分露出剑突之外，下缘不超过肋骨下缘。超过肋骨下缘。Right hypochondriac region(右季肋区右季肋区)Epigastric region(上腹部区上腹部区)Left hypochondriac region(左季肋区左季肋区)Large portionSmall

39、portion右季右季上腹上腹左季左季74lobule lbjul lbjul小叶小叶hexagonal hks gnl hek sgnl 六角形的六角形的The structure of the liverHexagonal-shaped liver lobules are the structural and functional units of the liver.75The liver lobules are mainly composed of hepatocytes(肝实质细胞肝实质细胞)76Hepatocytes functions(肝实质细胞的功能肝实质细胞的功能)Produ

40、ction of bile产生胆汁产生胆汁肝细胞分泌胆汁，有助于脂肪的消化和吸收肝细胞分泌胆汁，有助于脂肪的消化和吸收。Processing bloodborne nutrients处理处理血源性营养物质血源性营养物质肝细胞将过多的血糖转化为肝糖元，将血液中的氨基酸转变肝细胞将过多的血糖转化为肝糖元，将血液中的氨基酸转变成蛋白质加以贮存。成蛋白质加以贮存。Storage of fat-soluble vitamins储存脂溶性维生素储存脂溶性维生素Detoxification解毒解毒肝细胞将氨基酸在代谢过程中产生的有毒的氨转变为无毒的肝细胞将氨基酸在代谢过程中产生的有毒的氨转变为无毒的尿素。尿

41、素。肝血窦内的枯否氏细胞肝血窦内的枯否氏细胞(Kupffer cell)有强的吞噬能力。有强的吞噬能力。77Gallbladder 胆囊胆囊 Left and right hepatic ducts 左、右肝管左、右肝管Common hepatic duct 肝总管肝总管Cystic duct 胆囊管胆囊管Common bile duct 胆总管胆总管肝外胆道系统肝外胆道系统肝外胆道系统主要包括：肝外胆道系统主要包括：胆囊、肝总管和胆总管。肝左右叶胆囊、肝总管和胆总管。肝左右叶的左右肝管出肝门后汇合成肝总管，肝总管与胆囊管汇合成的左右肝管出肝门后汇合成肝总管，肝总管与胆囊管汇合成胆总管。胆总管

42、长约胆总管。胆总管长约68cm，开口于十二指肠降部。，开口于十二指肠降部。The extrahepatic biliary apparatus 肝外胆道系统肝外胆道系统7879The Gallbladder 胆囊胆囊PositionLies in the fossa (窝窝)for the gallbladder on the visceral surface of the liver.80Function:stores and concentrate the bile Fundus 胆囊底胆囊底Body 胆囊体胆囊体Neck 胆囊颈胆囊颈Cystic duct 胆囊管胆囊管胆囊分部胆囊分部C

43、ystic ductNeckFundusBodyThe Gallbladder parts81Bile is secreted by the liver cellsCommon hepatic ductCommon bile ductMajor duodenal papilla十二指肠大乳头Biliary ductuli胆小管胆小管Right and left hepatic ductsCystic ductGallbladder(store,concentrate)肝肝脏脏分分泌泌胆胆汁汁流流经经路路线线脂肪进入小肠引起胆囊收脂肪进入小肠引起胆囊收缩，肝胰壶腹括约肌释放缩，肝胰壶腹括约肌释放

44、82Bile salts(胆盐胆盐)Bile pigments(胆色素胆色素)Cholesterol(胆固醇胆固醇)Neutral fats(中性脂中性脂)Phospholipids(磷脂磷脂)Electrolytes(电解质电解质)The composition of the bileComposition of the bile83A yellow-green,alkaline(碱性的碱性的)solutionSpecial points for the bileBile salts are cholesterol(胆固醇胆固醇)derivatives that:Emulsify(使乳化使乳

45、化)fatFacilitate fat and cholesterol absorptionHelp solubilize(溶解溶解)cholesterolThe chief bile pigment is bilirubin(胆红素胆红素),a waste product of the heme(血红素血红素).84Acidic,fatty chyme(酸性脂质食糜酸性脂质食糜)The regulation of the bile releaseThe duodenum release Cholecystokinin(缩胆缩胆囊肽囊肽)and secretin(促胰液素促胰液素)into b

46、loodBile salts and secretin transported in blood stimulate the liver to produce bileVagal(迷走神经的迷走神经的)stimulation causes weak contractions of the gallbladderCholecystokinin(缩胆囊肽缩胆囊肽)The gallbladder to contractThe gallbladderThe bile enters the duodenumhepatopancreatic(肝胰的肝胰的)sphincter to relax85Enter

47、oendocrine cell:肠内分泌细胞肠内分泌细胞Vagal:迷走神经的迷走神经的Cholecystokinin:缩胆囊肽缩胆囊肽Secretin:促胰液素促胰液素Hepatopancreatic:肝胰的肝胰的The regulation of the bile release86 The Pancreas 胰胰The Shape A soft yellowish lobulated gland.Position Lies behind the peritoneum(腹膜腹膜)on the posterior abdominal wall,roughly at the level of

48、L1L2.87Pancreas is divided into three parts胰分部胰分部Head 胰头胰头Body 胰体胰体Tail 胰尾胰尾88Main Pancreatic duct 主胰管主胰管Accessory pancreatic duct 副胰管副胰管Pancreatic duct 胰管胰管 胰管类型胰管类型主胰管自胰尾起沿胰的长轴右主胰管自胰尾起沿胰的长轴右行，沿途汇集各叶的导管，最行，沿途汇集各叶的导管，最后与胆总管末端汇合成肝胰壶后与胆总管末端汇合成肝胰壶腹，开口于十二指肠大乳头。腹，开口于十二指肠大乳头。有时在主胰管上方有细小的副有时在主胰管上方有细小的副胰管，开

49、口于十二指肠小乳头胰管，开口于十二指肠小乳头主胰管主胰管副胰管副胰管89The regulation of the pancreatic secretionChyme:食糜食糜Enteroendocrine cell:肠内分泌细胞肠内分泌细胞Vagal:迷走神经的迷走神经的Cholecystokinin:缩胆囊肽缩胆囊肽Secretin:促胰液素促胰液素Hepatopancreatic:肝胰的肝胰的Bicarbonate:碳酸氢盐碳酸氢盐Cephalic:头的头的,颅的颅的90Section 4 复习复习 提问提问 总结总结Answer:The mouthThe pharynxThe esop

50、hagusThe stomachThe small intestine:Duodenum;Jejunum;IleumThe large intestine:Cecum 盲肠盲肠;Vermiform appendix 阑尾阑尾;Colon 结肠结肠;Rectum 直肠直肠 Anal canal 肛管肛管Question 1:What are the composition of the digestive duct?91Question 2:What are the structure of the liver?Answer:Hexagonal-shaped liver lobules are