老虎和鹿兔鹰的故事.ppt

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1、老虎与鹿兔鹰的故事 谓语与非谓语关系谓语与非谓语关系鹿、兔、鹰鹿、兔、鹰V-ed 鹿To do兔V-ing鹰鹿、兔、鹰鹿、兔、鹰将来将来被动与完成被动与完成主动与进行主动与进行（一）捕兔虎（V）兔（to do）n虎：动词n兔：不定式（to do）n捕兔虎：专捕杀兔子的老虎，比喻只接不定式的动词捕兔虎捕兔虎nOffer,learn,plan;nask,promise,help;prepare,decide,determine,be determined,make up ones mind,refuse;ndare,manage,hope,wish,expect,longnfail,pretend

2、.nHe promised_me.(帮助)nDont pretend_(在学习)答案1._2_n他拒绝接受我的邀请nHe refused to accept my invitation.n史密斯先生决定在临泉开公司nMr smith decided to run a companyn nIn the old days,many people couldnt afford In the old days,many people couldnt afford _their children to School._their children to School.A.sent B,sending C

3、,to send D send A.sent B,sending C,to send D sendto study例子：to helpc以上的动词可以放在下面的一首汉语小诗中帮助记忆，有利于全面彻底地解决问题。n提出学会的打算，要求答应来帮忙，n准备决定遭拒绝，敢于设法有希望，n未能做到莫装懂，破釜沉舟要自强。省省to不定式的固定句型不定式的固定句型n n1,hadbetter(not)do1,hadbetter(not)doyouhadbetterstayathomeyouhadbetterstayathomen n2,wouldratherdo.thando2,wouldratherdo.

4、thandoIdratherstayathomethangooutIdratherstayathomethangooutn n3,prefertodo.ratherthando3,prefertodo.ratherthandoIdprefertodieratherthanstealIdprefertodieratherthanstealn n4,cannotbutdo4,cannotbutdo不得不不得不不得不不得不必然必然必然必然Hecannotbutagree.Hecannotbutagree.n n5,cannothelpbutdo.5,cannothelpbutdo.不得不不得不不得不

5、不得不Eg:IcouldnothelpbutrealizethatIwaswrongEg:IcouldnothelpbutrealizethatIwaswrong我这才意识到我错了。我这才意识到我错了。我这才意识到我错了。我这才意识到我错了。n n6,donothingbutdo.nothingtodobut/exceptdo6,donothingbutdo.nothingtodobut/exceptdo只能只能只能只能，只有，只有，只有，只有n nEg:Ihadnothingtodobutwaitthere.Eg:Ihadnothingtodobutwaitthere.n n7,why(no

6、t)do.Whynotaskyourteacherforhelp?7,why(not)do.Whynotaskyourteacherforhelp?n n8,8,当主语部分有当主语部分有当主语部分有当主语部分有dodo，则表语可省，则表语可省，则表语可省，则表语可省toton nEg:WhatIwanttodoisrunaschool=HiswishistorunEg:WhatIwanttodoisrunaschool=Hiswishistorunaschoolaschooln n9,9,当两个或更多相同的不定式并列使用时，除第一个不定式带当两个或更多相同的不定式并列使用时，除第一个不定式带当

7、两个或更多相同的不定式并列使用时，除第一个不定式带当两个或更多相同的不定式并列使用时，除第一个不定式带toto外其余的不加。外其余的不加。外其余的不加。外其余的不加。n nShetoldthechildtostaythereandwaittillshecameShetoldthechildtostaythereandwaittillshecameback.back.n n注：如果两者有比较关系，那么每个不定式前都得加注：如果两者有比较关系，那么每个不定式前都得加注：如果两者有比较关系，那么每个不定式前都得加注：如果两者有比较关系，那么每个不定式前都得加toton nTotryandfailis

8、betterthannottotryatall.Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall.省省to不定式的固定句型不定式的固定句型不省不省“to”的情况的情况n n(1)(1)在在在在usedtobegoingtomeantousedtobegoingtomeantooughttoplantotrytowouldlikeoughttoplantotrytowouldliken ntowouldlovetohopetowanttotowouldlovetohopetowantto下列句下列句下列句下列句子中，子中，子中，子中，toto通常都得留通常都得留通常都得

9、留通常都得留 n nEg:Hedoesntgetupearly,butheusedtoEg:Hedoesntgetupearly,butheusedton ncanyouworkoutthismathsproblem?canyouworkoutthismathsproblem?-Illtryto-Illtryton n(2)(2)在在在在be+adj(be+adj(如：如：如：如：glad,happy,pleased,glad,happy,pleased,anxious,willing,readyanxious,willing,ready）等此后保留）等此后保留）等此后保留）等此后保留toto

10、n nEgEg：-Wouldyouliketojoinusinthe-Wouldyouliketojoinusinthegame?-Idlovetogame?-Idloveton n3.3.在在在在ask,advise,allow,permit,persuade,tell,ask,advise,allow,permit,persuade,tell,wishwish等词的复合结构中等词的复合结构中等词的复合结构中等词的复合结构中toto通常保留通常保留通常保留通常保留n nEg:DotheexperimentasyourteachertellsyouEg:Dotheexperimentasyou

11、rteachertellsyoutoton n4.4.不定式的否定形式后保留不定式的否定形式后保留不定式的否定形式后保留不定式的否定形式后保留toton nEg:HewantedtoquizschoolandIadvisedhimEg:HewantedtoquizschoolandIadvisedhimnottonotton n注：注：注：注：toto后若是主动词后若是主动词后若是主动词后若是主动词havehave或或或或bebe时，必须保留。时，必须保留。时，必须保留。时，必须保留。n nEg:-Sorry,IdidntfinisheddoingmyhomeEg:-Sorry,Ididntf

12、inisheddoingmyhomework.work.n n-Yououghttohave-Yououghttohaven nOurschoolisnolongerwhatitusedtobeOurschoolisnolongerwhatitusedtobe(二)追鹰虎（V）鹰（doing）n虎：动词n鹰：ving形式（doing）n追鹰虎：专追逐老鹰的老虎，比喻只接ving形式的动词追鹰虎nk keep ppractise s suggest/stand mmind/miss eenjoy/escape/excuse iimagine/insist on ddelay cconsider/

13、cant help aavoid/appreciate rrisk/resist ffinish/fancy小结nKpsmeidcarfe(可不吃霉的咖啡)用谐音记忆法可记住这些常后跟动名词的动词。每个字母代表一个动词。例子n我很喜欢弹钢琴n你错过抓住这次机会n n1.Would you mind _ the door?1.Would you mind _ the door?n nA.open B,opening C,to open D,openedA.open B,opening C,to open D,openedn n2.Have you considered _ to improve

14、your 2.Have you considered _ to improve your spoken English?spoken English?n nA.practising listening and speaking A.practising listening and speaking n nB.practising to listen and speak B.practising to listen and speak n nC.to practise listening and speaking C.to practise listening and speaking n nD

15、.to practise to listen and speakD.to practise to listen and speakABYou miss catching the chanceI enjoy playing the piano.以介词以介词to结尾的常用短语结尾的常用短语：带宾语的介词：带宾语的介词ton nbe/get used to,come to,n ndevote oneself to,listen to,n nlook forward to object to n n/get down to,prefer.to,n npay attention to,refer to

16、n n stick to鹰山鹰山：带动名词带动名词doing的句型（山）的句型（山）1.It/There is no use/good/help/harm/point/sense+doing2.It is useless/of no use/useful+doing3.或或I think it useful/useless/of no use/useful+doing3spend/waste time+doing4have fun doing be worth doingn n1be busy(in)doing n n2have difficulty(trouble,difficulty，fu

17、n,pleasure,a good,hard time，problem)in doing或或There is trouble/difficulty/problem+doingn n3 stop prevent.(from)doing 鹰山鹰山：带动名词带动名词doing的句型（山的句型（山）（三）杂食虎v （兔）/（鹰）v to do/doing n虎：动词n杂食虎：既可是兔，又可食鹰；即动词既可带to do，又可带doing这些动词为表示“开始”与“爱恨”的词。nbegin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,hate,dislike,n但是表“爱恨”的词加不定式

18、与动名词稍微有点区别。跟不定式表示具体的某一次行为，而加动名词表示经常性，习惯性的行为。例如：n 1.I like to play basketball this afternoon.(特指今天想打篮球)n 2.I like playing basketball.（指平常的习惯）注意注意n n1 1）本身是）本身是）本身是）本身是-ing-ing 形式时，其后要接不定式形式时，其后要接不定式形式时，其后要接不定式形式时，其后要接不定式n n2 2）如果表示主语有意识地开始做某事，多用）如果表示主语有意识地开始做某事，多用）如果表示主语有意识地开始做某事，多用）如果表示主语有意识地开始做某事，多

19、用动名词动名词动名词动名词n n3 3）主语是物多用不定式）主语是物多用不定式）主语是物多用不定式）主语是物多用不定式n n4 4）其后的动词是表示情感的或与智力有关的，）其后的动词是表示情感的或与智力有关的，）其后的动词是表示情感的或与智力有关的，）其后的动词是表示情感的或与智力有关的，不用不用不用不用 v-ing v-ing 形式形式形式形式n nknow,realize,hate,love,understand,know,realize,hate,love,understand,wonder,remember,forgetwonder,remember,forget宁愿虎n n pref

20、er to do rather than do 宁宁愿愿 而不而不n n prefer doing to doing n n would rather do than do n n would do rather than do n n 纸（只）虎n nhave nothing to do/do nothing but/except do 只好做（别无选择）只好做（别无选择）n n enjoy doing nothing but doing 只喜欢做只喜欢做n n want nothing but to do 只想做只想做（四）挑食虎v （兔）/（鹰）v1-to do v2-doing n虎：

21、动词n挑食虎：对事物很挑剔，n食兔是一意；食鹰是另一意即食兔是食兔；食鹰是食鹰V-（四）挑食虎v （兔）/（鹰）v1-to do v2-doing,nforget,remember,mean,regret stop,try,go on,be sure,cant help 这九个动词可以用一句话记忆如下：忘记过去意味着不要遗憾，停下来忘记过去意味着不要遗憾，停下来然后尝试着继续进行然后尝试着继续进行，我相信这对，我相信这对你是有帮助的你是有帮助的。V-nforget to do 忘了去做某事forget doing忘了做过某事;nremember to do 记住去做某事remember doi

22、ng记得做过某事;nmean to do打算去做某事,mean doing意味着做某事;nregret to do遗憾地要去做某事,regret doing后悔做过某事,nstop to do停下来去做另外一件事,stop doing停下正在做的事;n try to do试图做某事,try doing尝试着做某事;ngo on to do继续去做另外一件事,go on doing继续做原来的事情;1.you are sure/he is sure to do相信别人一定会做某事,2.I am sure of doing相信自己一定会做某事;3.cant help(to)do不能帮忙去做某事,4

23、.cant help doing情不自禁地做某事,5.cant help but do不得不去做某事.富虎：带宾语复合结构，即带宾语和宾补(to do)的动词富虎捕兔：v+sb to do只追鹰：v+doing(五五)捕兔，捕兔，vsbtodo又追鹰又追鹰vdoing(五)富虎捕兔，v sb to do又追鹰v doingn1.We dont allow smoking in the lecture room.n2.Any student is not allowed to smoke in the lecture room.这类动词：这类动词：n nallow,ask,advise,beg,

24、command,allow,ask,advise,beg,command,cause,encourage,expect,force,get,cause,encourage,expect,force,get,hateinvitelikeorderpermitpreferhateinvitelikeorderpermitpreferremindtellurgeremindtellurge，want,wishwant,wish等动词后等动词后等动词后等动词后,用带用带用带用带toto的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补n(allow,advise,admit,consider,s

25、uppose,permit,forbid.可采取首字母压缩记忆法记为：3A CS PF(谐音“3A 克死 泼妇”)。例如：例子n n(1)Ipreferyounottoplayalldaylong.n n(2)Idlikeyoutohelpmewithmyhomework.n n(3)Youdbettergetmorepeopletodothework.1、聪明富虎（思维-认为）sb+to do/to have done.如：n富虎：带复合宾语；即sb+to do/to have donen聪明富虎：指表示思维的动词，翻译成“认为”“感觉”等义 聪明富虎（思维-认为）sb+to do/to h

26、ave done.富虎：带宾语复合结构，即带宾语和宾补(to do)的动词富虎捕兔 v+sb to do聪明富虎：不仅带复合结构，而且专只表示思维的动词，一般翻译成“认为”等意思这类动词有：表示见解表示见解看法的动词看法的动词n nbelieve,consider,suppose,thinkn ndeclare,discover,n nfeel,find,guess,n nimagine,judge,understand例如：例如：n1I think everyone to be hard-working.n2.I think almost everyone to have attended

27、my lecture.例子n n1,Wefoundtherumortrue.n n2,Iconsiderhimtohavedonewrong.n n3,Ialwaysimaginemetobeamillionaire.n n4,Ifelthimtobeaspy2、富虎追鹰v sb doing富虎：带宾语复合结构，即带宾语和宾补(doing)的动词追鹰 v sb doing能带能带doing做宾补的动词有做宾补的动词有:n nhave,get,keep,set,send,leave,n ncatch,hear,listento,feel,see,find,lookat,watch,observe

28、,notice例子：n nMyfatherhadonlytwomenworkingforhimn nDonthavethehorserunningsofast,Itsdangerous.n nHaveyounoticedtheboypassingacrossthestreet?3、富虎逮鹿，v sb/sth done富虎：带宾语复合结构，即带宾语和宾补(done)的动词追鹰 v sb/sth done能能done作宾补作宾补动词有动词有n nmake,have,getleaven n及感官动词及感官动词see,watch,lookat,findhearlistento,feel等等.n n宾语

29、与补语的关系是被动含义时，用过宾语与补语的关系是被动含义时，用过去分词作宾补去分词作宾补n nIwassurprisedtoseesomanypeopleseatedatthebackoftheclass.n nIhaveneverheardthissongsungsosweetlyn nYoudbettergetyourbikerepairedatonce4、上山虎捕兔（吃饱带足）、上山虎捕兔（吃饱带足）n n上山虎上山虎:上山虎上山虎+兔兔ton n“短语动词短语动词+宾语宾语+带带to的不定式的不定式”n n即即Vtsbtodo这类动词有：这类动词有：四四for四四onn narrang

30、efor,askfor,n nwaitfor,longforn nn ncallon,counton,n ndependon,relyon,例子n n1.YoucannotcountonTomtohelpyou.n n2.ChairmanMaocalledonustoservethepeopleheartandsoul.小结：省小结：省to的不定式作宾补，被动该的不定式作宾补，被动该to不不能弃能弃一感：一感：feel,;两均可两均可,.二听二听hear,listento,三使役三使役have,let,make,五看五看see,lookat,notice,observe,watch,一帮一帮h

31、elpn nWeoftenseethemplayfootball;Theyareoftenseentoplayfootballn nHewasmadetostandoutsidefortwohours富虎三类小结富虎三类小结na)感官类：hear,listen to,see,feel,notice,watch,observenb)迫使类make let,have,force,cause,lead drive nc)愿望类 want，wish，expect特别动词：不食病（宾）兔虎特别动词：不食病（宾）兔虎n不是宾兔虎：不接宾语复合结构；即无V+sb to do 的结构n有这几个单词hope,s

32、uggest,agree,demand,arrange,welcome.记忆总结：n为了完全准确地记住，我把其首字母取出，可以组成单词，然后再组成一个句子，记为：W has a cd.n(wwelcome,nhhope,aagree,ssuggest,naarrange,cconsider,ddemand)例子：n例如：n 1.I hope everyone here to learn English well.(错)n I wish everyone here to learn Englush well(对)(六六)疑问虎疑问虎V+Wh(H)+To+Do.n虎：动词n疑问虎：带疑问词虎，即带

33、有疑问词+to do的动词这样的词有：这样的词有：nKnow,remember,forget,understand;nwonder,explain,find out,seenDecide,tell,consider,think of/about;ndiscuss,show,learn,ask.要记全这些单词，只需要背下下面的四句话：n知道记住忘理解，n想知解释差明白，n决定告诉两考虑，n讨论表明学问拆。例如：nSome student still dont know how to learn English.nDont worry,and I will show you how tonDo y

34、ou know where to get the book?nI began to learn how to cook when I was 18.nHave you decided whether to go for an outing?更多例子：n n11作主语作主语作主语作主语WhentostartHowtogothereWhentostartHowtogothereWheretogoWhotodoithasnotbeenWheretogoWhotodoithasnotbeendecided.decided.n n22宾语。宾语。宾语。宾语。在在在在discover,findout,kn

35、ow,see,show,understanddiscover,findout,know,see,show,understand等动词后，不直接用不定式作宾语，必须用等动词后，不直接用不定式作宾语，必须用等动词后，不直接用不定式作宾语，必须用等动词后，不直接用不定式作宾语，必须用wh-+towh-+to结构结构结构结构，在下列词中也带这种结构，在下列词中也带这种结构，在下列词中也带这种结构，在下列词中也带这种结构,decide,learn,decide,learn,remember,forget,wonder,remember,forget,wondern nIdontknowwhentosta

36、rtwhotodoitIdontknowwhentostartwhotodoitn nhowtodoitwheretogowhethertodoithowtodoitwheretogowhethertodoit更多例子：n n3表语表语Theproblemiswhentostartitwhotodoithowtogotheren nwheretogon n4状语。状语。Shewasataloss(asto)whattodo她不知如何是好她不知如何是好n n5同位语：同位语：Ihavenoideawhichonetotake我不知道该拿哪个我不知道该拿哪个n n注：注：why(not)do（七）

37、丘陵（七）丘陵与土丘与土丘n丘陵丘陵：WWit ith h 复合结构 With+名词+形/副/介/名/非谓语 n土丘土丘：独立独立主格结构：名词+形/副/介/名/非谓语 丘陵：withnw：红花nIt：绿草：绿草nH：树木：树木丘陵：with（）（）n nWith+名词名词+名词（短语）名词（短语）n n+不定式（短语）不定式（短语）n n+现在分词（短语）现在分词（短语）n n+过去分词（短语）过去分词（短语）n n+介词短语介词短语n n+形容词（短语）形容词（短语）n n+副词（短语）副词（短语）HecameintotheroomwithTomandJanehisclassmatesn

38、nwithalotofworktodon nwithhisnosebleedingn nwithhishairtiedattheback.n nwithapairofsunglassesonhisnose.n nwithhisfaceredwithcoldn nwithnothingon.n nDoyouknowtheboy?（八）（八）鹿兔鹰独立团n有些分词不受逻辑主语的制约，已形成了固定的用法，用来表示说话者的观点与态度，这样的分词，我们称之为独立分词，这些分词构成独立团独立团n我们可以用压缩首字母法记忆如下。DoingDoing团团n nstrictlyspeaking,n ngener

39、allyspeaking,n nfranklyspeaking,n njudgingby/From，n nbroadlyspeaking/talkingof,n nconsidering,supposingn nTakingintoconsideration,例子：n nStrictlyspeaking，thissentenceiswrong.n nJudgingbythefacts,Tomtoldusthetruth.n nThehousecosthim,roughlyspeaking,200,000dollarsTo doTo do团团n ntotell(you)thetruth,n nt

40、obe,honest,tobefrank,n ntobeexact,tobebriefn ntobeginwith,tostartwith,n ntodohimjustice(说句对他公道的话）说句对他公道的话）例子：例子：n nTotellyouthetruth,IdowanttolearnEnglishwell.n nTobefrank,youhaveprobablydonewrongtoher.n nTodohimjustice,heisquitefitforthejob.参考记忆：参考记忆：Gocastj.ngong generally/frankly/seriously/broadl

41、y/speaking;noowing to castncconsidering that（考虑到）naaccording to ns suppose/supposing that(假如)nt to be frank(坦诚地说)to be exact(确切地说)to tell you the truth(实话跟你说)to make the long story story short(长话短说)to begin/start with(首先)to put it simply(简单地说)jnj judging by/from.n例如：nJudging by/from his accent,he ma

42、y be a Guangdongnese(九九)懒（懒（not）兔）兔鹰鹰n兔鹰：兔鹰：to doto do和和doingdoingn懒：懒：1.懒人不干活含否定懒人不干活含否定notnot 2.2.懒兔鹰中懒在前，懒兔鹰中懒在前，即即notnot位于位于todotodo和和doingdoing前前即即n如果是不定式，如果是不定式，not要放要放在在todo前，如果是动名词，前，如果是动名词，not要放在要放在doing前前。名称 式不定式动名词动名词一般式（否定）not to do notdoing进行式（否定）not to be doing 无完成式（否定）完成式（否定）not to ha

43、ve donenot having done（十）兔鹰寻主人十）兔鹰寻主人n述：to do和 doing都是动词变化而来n虎（动词）是有其主人（主语），n因而鹿兔鹰也有其理论上的主人（逻辑主语，又叫准主语）例子：n逻辑主语+鹿兔鹰，称为独立主格结构n独立主格：与主语不同的逻辑主语nHis homework finished,he was ready to go home n(He)Waiting for his friend,he was reading 兔寻主n对于不定式，如果讲“做某件事对某人怎么怎么样”，就在不定式前加for sb,如果讲“做某件事是某人的特定品质，就在不定式前加of s

44、b.例如：nIts very important foryou to learn English well.nIts kind ofyou to make tea for me.(=You are kind to make tea for me)鹰寻主n对于动名词，如果动名词作宾语作宾语，要加逻辑的话，逻辑主语可以用名词名词的所有格或普通格，代词代词的所有格或宾格，如果动名词作主语动名词作主语，要加逻辑主语的话，无论逻辑主语是名词还是代词，一律只一律只准用所有格准用所有格。例如：n1.Your attending my lecture has made me excited.n2.What a

45、bout us/our singing a song?例子：不定式的复合结构例子：不定式的复合结构forsbtodosthn n1 1作主语作主语作主语作主语:Itseasyforustoremembera:Itseasyforustorememberafewnewwordsfewnewwordsn n2 2作宾语作宾语作宾语作宾语:IfinditimpossibleforTomto:IfinditimpossibleforTomtopasstheexam.passtheexam.n n33作表语作表语作表语作表语:Thisisforyoutodecide:Thisisforyoutodeci

46、den n44定语定语定语定语:Ihavealotofworkforyouto:Ihavealotofworkforyoutododon n55状语状语状语状语:Theboxistooheavy:Theboxistooheavy formetoformetotaketake例子：动名词的复合结构（名例子：动名词的复合结构（名词或代词的所有格词或代词的所有格+doing)n n三、三、三、三、11作主语作主语作主语作主语:Maryscominglatemade:Maryscominglatemadeherteacherangryherteacherangryn nItsnouseyourtell

47、ingmenottoworryItsnouseyourtellingmenottoworryn n22作宾语作宾语作宾语作宾语:Motherinsistedonmy:Motherinsistedonmybrothersgoingtocollegebrothersgoingtocollegen nWouldyoumindmyopeningthedoor?Wouldyoumindmyopeningthedoor?n n注：在口语中，动名词前的代词可用宾格，名注：在口语中，动名词前的代词可用宾格，名注：在口语中，动名词前的代词可用宾格，名注：在口语中，动名词前的代词可用宾格，名词也可不用所有格词也可

48、不用所有格词也可不用所有格词也可不用所有格n n33作表语作表语作表语作表语:Whatistroublingusistheirnot:Whatistroublingusistheirnothavingenoughmoneyhavingenoughmoney鹿兔鹰鹿兔鹰种类：种类：1、2、31.过去分词ed只有一种形式2.Ing形式有两种形式3.To do不定式最全面，有三种形式。v-ed 主主动动形式形式被被动动形式形式一般一般式式done一一V-ing主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingbeingdone完成式完成式havingmadehavingbeenmade二二Todo主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式todotobedone进行式进行式tobedoing完成式完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone三三上面的结构故而可记为上面的结构故而可记为:非谓语非谓语123，1.过去分词最简单（只有一种形式），2.Ing形式有两种，3.不定式形式最全面。完成、进行与一般。