质粒的提取及酶切.ppt
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1、质粒质粒DNA的提取及酶切的提取及酶切Isolation of Plasmid DNA and Enzymatic Digestion 2022/12/41一、实验目的一、实验目的(Experimental Purpose)After the experiment is finished,students should be able to isolate plasmid DNA by the alkaline-detergent method.掌握碱去垢剂法提取质粒掌握碱去垢剂法提取质粒DNADNA的方法。的方法。2022/12/42Plasmids are small circular D
2、NA molecules which replicate independently of the host genome and encode antibiotic resistance.They are the commonest vectors for carrying cloned DNA.Some small plasmids use the hosts enzymes to replicate.Larger plasmid may carry genes that encode their own replicative enzymes.质质粒粒是是存存在在于于几几乎乎所所有有细细
3、菌菌中中染染色色体体之之外外的的外外状状DNA分分子子。质质粒粒通通常常携携带带有有染染色色体体上上所所不不存存在在的的基基因因,并并表表现现出出一一些些有有用用的的性性状状,如如抗抗生生素素抗抗性性,耐耐受受重重金金属属等等。质质粒粒拥拥有有自自己己的的复复制制原原点点,因因此此可可以以不不依依赖赖于于染染色色体体而而进进行行独独立立复复制制。一一些些小小的的质质粒粒利利用用宿宿主主细细胞胞的的酶酶进进行行复复制制,而而较较大大的的质质粒粒则则自身携有编码与复制有关的酶。自身携有编码与复制有关的酶。2022/12/432022/12/44Plasmids may be stringent(l
4、ow copy number)or relaxed(high copy number).质粒分为:严紧型质粒分为:严紧型(低拷贝数低拷贝数)和松弛和松弛型型(高拷贝数高拷贝数)Plasmids are frequently used as cloning vectors and alkaline lysis is one of the most widely used methods for the prepar-ation of plasmid DNA.质质粒粒通通常常用用作作克克隆隆载载体体,而而碱碱裂裂解解法法是是制制备备质质粒粒DNA最为常用的方法之一。最为常用的方法之一。2022/1
5、2/45二、二、实验原理实验原理(Experimental Principle)本本方方法法是是依依据据共共价价闭闭合合环环状状质质粒粒 DNA DNA 与与染染色色体体 DNA DNA 在在变变性性和复性之间存在差异进行的。和复性之间存在差异进行的。When suspended in a solution of NaOH and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),the cells are lysed by the high(alkaline)pH.Additionally,the protein and chromosome DNA will be denatured
6、,and precipitate together with cell debris.This method is based on the different rates of denaturation and renaturation of covalently closed circular plasmid DNA and chromosomal DNA.当当细细胞胞悬悬浮浮于于 NaOHNaOH 和和十十二二烷烷基基酸酸钠钠(SDS)(SDS)溶溶液液中中时时,在在高高pH(pH(碱碱)的的作作用用下下细细胞胞发发生生裂裂解解,此此外外,蛋蛋白白质质和和染染色色体体DNADNA发发生生
7、变变性性与与细胞碎片一起沉淀下来。细胞碎片一起沉淀下来。2022/12/46In the presence of an acid solution(potassium acetate)and then centrifuged,the plasmid DNA were kept in the supernatant.After the addition of an alkaline solution,the plasmid DNA denaturation also occurred,but the close proximity of the two chains remain.When ad
8、ded to the acidic solution,each of the two chains of plasmid annealed with its complementary strand,thereby forming the original state.加加入入中中和和溶溶液液(乙乙酸酸钾钾)溶溶液液后后离离心心,则则质质粒粒DNADNA则则留留在在上上清液中。清液中。当当加加入入碱碱溶溶液液时时质质粒粒DNADNA也也发发生生变变性性,但但其其两两条条链链仍仍然然靠靠得得很很近近,就就像像一一条条链链上上的的两两个个环环链链,当当加加入入酸酸性性溶溶液液进进行行中中和和时时,
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