定语从句的翻译方法与技巧.ppt
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1、Lecture 11语序调整之定语从句的译法英汉定语从句对比1.This is the cat.这就是那只猫。2.This is the cat that killed the rat.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。3.This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake.*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的猫。4.This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house.*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。5.This is
2、the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。英语中的定语从句有两种:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;例如This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通
3、常用逗号分开。例如The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的非限制性的,例如:Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel,whi
4、ch I have read three times,is very touching.这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发 定语从句的译法(一)前置法(二)后置法(三)融合法(四)译成状语(一)(
5、一)前置法前置法u把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组,放置于被修饰的词之前,将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句,这种方法一般用于限制性一般用于限制性定语从句比较短定语从句比较短的情况。u 一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法,但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。(1)The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.(2)(2)There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life under the sun
6、of socialism.全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。在他手下工作在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。前置法前置法(3)The sun,which had hidden all day,now came out in all its splendor.(4)But Miggles laugh,which was very infectious,broke the silence.那个整天躲在云层里的太阳那个整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了。但密格尔的富有感染力的富有感染力的笑声打破了静默。前置法前置法(二)(二)后置法后置法u
7、当定语从句较长定语从句较长时,如果翻译成前置的定语,就会不符合汉语的表达习惯,在这种情况下,往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句,放置于原来它所修饰词的后面。翻译时可以用三种方法来处理。译成并列分句,重复先行词 译成并列分句,省略先行词译成独立句(非限制性定从)1)They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which,in the past,many Chinese have laid down their lives.2)2)I told the story to Jo
8、hn,who told it to his brother.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力,这个理想是每个中这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的,在过去,许多中国人曾为了这个理想国人所珍爱的,在过去,许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命而牺牲了自己的生命。我把这件事告诉了约翰,约翰又告诉了他的弟弟约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。译成并列分句,重复先行词3)World War was,however,more complex than World War,which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets,
9、resources and territories.第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突的冲突,而第二次世界大战却比第一次复杂。译成并列分句,重复先行词1)It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.2)He saw in front that haggard white-haired old man,whose eyes flashed red with fury.他看见前面那个憔悴的白发老人,眼睛里愤怒地闪着红光眼睛里
10、愤怒地闪着红光。是他接到那封信,说你的叔叔去世了说你的叔叔去世了。译成并列分句,省略先行词1)He had talked to Vice-President Nixon,who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.2)2)One was a violent thunderstorm,the worst I had ever seen,which obscured my objective.他和副总统尼克松谈过话。副总统向他担保,凡是能副总统向他担保,凡是能够做到的都将竭尽全力去做够做到的都将竭尽全力去做。有一
11、次是暴风骤雨,猛烈的程度实为我生平仅所见。这阵暴风雨遮住了我的目标这阵暴风雨遮住了我的目标。译成独立句(非限制性定从)(三)(三)融合法融合法u融合法是指翻译时把主句和定语从句融合在一起译成一个简单句。由于限制性定语从句与主句关系较紧密,所以融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句,多用于翻译限制性定语从句,尤其是尤其是“therebe”therebe”结构带有定语从句的句型结构带有定语从句的句型。1)There are many people who want to see the film.2)There were men in that crowd who had stood there ever
12、y day for a month.3)We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.许多人要看这部电影。许多人要看这部电影。在那群人中,有些人每天站在那里,站了一个月有些人每天站在那里,站了一个月。我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志。(三)(三)融合法融合法 (四)(四)译成状语译成状语u英语中有些定语从句,兼有状语从句的职能,在逻辑上与主句有状语关系,说明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等关系,翻译时应善于从原文的字里行间
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