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1、上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Book I应应 用用 型型 大大 学学 英英 语语 系系 列列 教教 程程 Application-oriented College English Course 2上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNextLanguage Skills DevelopmentLanguage in UseEnhancement of Cross-cultural Communication AbilitiesUnit 3Unit ThreeTable of Contents3上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1highlightsBackNe

2、xt HighlightsS:A song:thats the way of the world L:A plastic surgery experienceR:Hunting for a job?Dont expect plastic surgery to helpW:Compound sentences(2)Internet work:Introducing what can lead to a failure and a success in a job interviewPart 1 Language Skills Development4上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focu

3、s1starterBack Next1.StarterA.Read the lyrics of a song.Then listen to the tape or the CD and sing in chorus.5上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 B.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer for each question you hear.1.Whydidthemanhavehisfacedone?()A.Becausehefelthimselftoooldandwantedtolookenergetic.B.Becaus

4、ehedidntfeeloldyetandwantedtogobacktowork.C.Becausehisfriendsandrelativespushedhimtodoso.D.Becausehehadmuchexperienceinwork.2.Whatobstacleshasthemanexperiencedwhendecidingtohaveaplasticsurgery?()A.Oppositionfromhischildren.B.Oppositionfromhisfriends.C.Mockeryfromsomebosses.D.Mockeryfromthereporter.E

5、.3.Howdidthemanpayforhisplasticsurgery?()F.Withhisseverancepayment.G.Withthemoneygivenbyhischildren.H.Withthemoneyleftbyhisparents.I.Withhissavings.BackNextBAA6W:Itissaidthatolderladiesandmenarebecomingtherisingmarketforcosmeticsurgery.M:Right.At least three relatives and friends of mine have underg

6、one certain types of cosmetic treatments.W:Thenoutofwhatconcernshaveyouhadyourfacedone?M:Yousee,Imonly60yearsoldnowandmoreactiveandenergeticthanmostpeoplemyage.Idontfeeloldandwanttoventurebacktotheworkplace.W:ButIthinkyourabundantexperienceandskillswillsurelyhelpyousecureagoodjob.Whymustyouundergoap

7、ainfulplasticsurgery?M:BecauseIwasmuchhurtfromlastyearsjobseekingexperience.Youknowwhatthetwobossessaidtome?Theysaiddirectlytomyface,“Youlookverytired.”“Youlookrundown.”Imtiredofit.W:Doyouthinkcosmeticsurgerywillgiveyoualeguptothejobsearching?M:Idontknow.Butitcanatleastenhancemyconfidenceandmakemelo

8、okfresher.W:Haveyoumetanyobstacleswhendecidingtocomeforplasticsurgeryatyourage?M:Yes.Mychildrenopposedmestronglyatfirst,whichputmeundergreatpressure.ButImadeupmymindwhenIsawhowmyfriendsliveschangedaftertheyhadundergonecosmeticsurgery.W:Haveyouovercomethepressure?M:Imnotshyabouttalkingaboutmyprocedur

9、esnow.Besides,Ihavepersuadedseveralotheroldfriendstodothesame.W:Butyouneedtoinvestalotinit,right?M:Mostseniorsdependontheirseverancepackageswhenitcomestocosmeticprocedures.Youseewearelivinglongerandhealthierlivesthanourparentsdid,whycantweworkforafewmoreyears?W:Hopeyouwillfindagoodjobverysoon.M:Than

10、kyou.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext7BackNextFocus1 Text lead inText Lead inWarm up:上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 1.Do you know the reasons for people to undergo plastic surgery?Is it worthwhile to spend much money on cosmetic treatment for the sake of finding a good job?2.Do you know any stories about discriminat

11、ion at work?3.How much does a good looking contribute to career success?8Text organizationBackNext上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Text Lead inTheBeginning(Paras.1-4)More and more unemployed people arespending their severance pay on plasticsurgery.Body(Paras.5-16)Senior people,together with some professionalsandh

12、ighexecutives,inordertogetacompetitiveadvantage in job-seeking,are undergoing plasticsurgerytoo.TheEnd(Paras.17-19)Theeffectofplasticsurgeryandotherformsofcosmetictreatmentisstillnotclear.9BackNext上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Hunting for a Job?Dont Expect Plastic Surgery to HelpAftertherecessionhit,businessat

13、Dr.MaryLeePetersplasticsurgerypracticegrewsteadily.The downturn brought new types ofpatientstoherSeattleofficepeoplewithseverancepackageswhowerestillsmartingfromlayoffsandtoomuchtimeon their hands.Several put the moneytowards cosmetic surgeries,and Peterswenttoworkhelpingthemlook“fresher”fortheirjob

14、interviews,shesaid.That meant Botox and fillers for themoreconservativepatients,but“mostof the time it would be somebody whowouldhavetheireyesdoneortheirfacedone,”shesaid.Question about Paras.1-4Meaning:Dontthinkthatyoumay find a good job afterbeautifyingyourface.Plastic surgery is a medicalspecialt

15、y concerned with the“correction”or“restoration”ofform and function.The bestknownformofplasticsurgeryiscosmeticoraestheticsurgery.整容e.g.Some movie stars sufferfromthefailureofplasticsurgery.有些电影明星由于整容失败而倍感痛苦。Meaning:After the economiccrisis happened,more and morepeople came to Dr.Mary LeePeters shop

16、to have a plasticsurgery.Note:hit here means attack;practicereferstotheexerciseorpursuitofaprofessionoroccupation,especially law ormedicine.Itmayalsorefertothebusinessofaprofessionalperson.e.g.My sister is a dentist andwantsherdaughtertotakeoverherpracticeaftersheretires.我妹妹是个牙医，她希望将来退休后她女儿能接手她的诊所。A

17、severancepackageispayandbenefits an employee receiveswhenheorsheleavesemployment at a company.解雇补偿e.g.One of our consultancyservicesistohelpyounegotiateyourseverancepackagebeforetakinganewjob.我们咨询服务之一就是在你开始一份新工作之前，就帮你谈好离职补偿。smarting:thepresentparticipleof the verb“smart”,meaning“hurting with a sting

18、ing pain”刺痛，难过e.g.Thefarmerswereburningstraws and our eyes smartedwiththesmoke.农民们在烧秸秆，我们的眼睛熏得生疼。on(ones)hand:veryclosetosb.and ready for use whenneeded手头，手边e.g.If you need morepeople,I still have threeengineersonhand.如果你还需要人手，我手上还有三个工程师。Meaning:Peters went towork every day to conductplasticsurgeryo

19、nthosepeoplesothattheymaylooksmarteratjobinterviews.Note:fresh in this sentencemeans“pleasant,bright,andclean”漂亮的，整齐的e.g.My boss looks veryfreshinhernewdress.老板今天穿了新裙子，看上去很精神。Meaning:Thatmeantpeoplewho are more careful abouttheirbodieswouldonlyneedacoupleofinjections(注射)toslim their faces or fill so

20、mematerials into parts of theirbodiessoastoheightenthem.Botox(onabotulinumtoxinA肉毒杆菌素),alsocalledbotulinum(肉毒杆菌)toxintypeA,ismade from the bacteria that causes botulism.Botulinum toxin blocks nerve activity in themuscles,causing a temporary reduction inmuscle activity.It is a prescription medicineth

21、at is injected into muscles and used totemporarilyimprovethelook,andalsousedtotemporarily lessen the appearance of facialwrinkles.fillers:Facialfillersandinjectables(血管注射剂)can reduce a variety of signs of facialaging,including fine lines,wrinkles,folds,sunken cheeks and a sallow(蜡 黄 色 的)complexion.F

22、acial injectables cannot repairsagging(下垂的)skinalongthejaw,neck,chinorbrow.Fortheseconcerns,moreinvasive(侵入体内的)proceduressuchasfacelift,neckliftorbrowliftmayberequired.conservative:a.not likingchangesornewideas保守的e.g.Theheadmasterisratherconservativetotheeducational reform.校长对教育改革的态度相当保守。Meaning:ask

23、 the doctorstooperateontheireyesorfacessoastobeautifythem.Note:have sth.donemeans“to asksb.to dosth.”forexample,tohavemyhaircut(理发)，tohave the radio repaired(让人修好了收音机).Translation自经济萧条发生以来，玛丽李皮特斯医生整容诊所的生意倒一天天好了起来。经济衰退给她在西雅图的诊所带来了新的病人就是那些领了遣散费，对失业仍然倍感痛苦而且手上有大把时间的人们。有几个人把这钱花在了整容上，皮特斯说，她的工作就是把他们整得更好看些，

24、好去面试。对比较保守的病人来说，那也就是打个瘦脸针，或注射点填充物什么的，但是“大多数情况下，他们是来做眼部或脸部手术的。”她说。101.Why did many people come to Peters office for a plastic surgery?Hunting for a Job?Dont Expect Plastic Surgery to HelpBackNext上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Because they lost their jobs in the recession andwantedtolook“fresher”whensearchingforn

25、ewjobs.11Hunting for a Job?Dont Expect Plastic Surgery to HelpBackNext上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 “Peoplewouldusetheirmoneyfrombeinglaidoff,theirseverancepaytogetcosmeticsurgerysotheycouldlookbetter for their next jobinterview,”PetersrecalledinaninterviewwithThe Fiscal Times.“YoudbeamazedathowoftenIdseethat.

26、Youwouldthinkthatpeople would be scampering away fromsomethinglikethis.”Withagrowingnumberofbabyboomerspostponing retirement,venturing back into the jobmarket,or striving to retain their standing at work,more and more seniors are turning to cosmeticenhancementstogainacompetitiveedge.The number of co

27、smetic procedures includingsurgery and minimally invasive procedures topped15.1millionin2013;peopleaged55andovermadeup an increasing number of the patient share,accordingtoaFebruarystudybytheAmericanSocietyofPlasticSurgeons.Note:lay off sb.means“to stopemploying someone because there is nowork for t

28、hem to do”解 雇;whenfollowedwithsth.(doingsth.),itmeans“stopusingordoingsth.”停止工作；itcanalsobeconvertedintoanoun,intheformoflayoff停工，解雇，停止活动e.g.Evenmanyexcellentengineerswerelaidoffduetothefinancialcrisis.由于金融危机，甚至很多优秀的工程师都被解雇了。The doctor suggested him laying offsmoking.医生建议他不要抽烟了。When asked to explain

29、 your layoff,behonestanddownright.如面试官要求你解释被解雇的原因，要诚实坦率。Meaning:Peoplewouldspend the compensation theygotfromunemployment The Fiscal Times:anEnglish-languagedigitalnews,newsanalysisandopinion publication based inNewYorkCityandWashington,D.C.andfoundedin2010财政时报 scamper:vt.to run withquickshortsteps,

30、likeachildorsmallanimal惊惶奔跑，蹦蹦跳跳地跑e.g.Thedeergotstartledatthegunshotandscamperedinalldirections.鹿群受到了枪声的惊吓，四散逃开。Meaning:Peoplewouldrunaway quickly from somethinglikeplasticsurgery.venture:vi.to say or dosomethinginanuncertainwaybecause you are afraid it iswrongorwillseemstupid冒险行事e.g.Iventuredthathe

31、mighthavebeenlaidoff.我斗胆地猜一下，他可能已经被开了。retain their standing:保持自己的身份地位 standingmeans“someones rank orpositioninasystem,organization,societyetc.,based on what other peoplethinkofthem”身份，地位e.g.Weknowacompanyofyourstandingwillnotdefault.我们知道像你们这样身份的公司是不会违约的。Meaning:taking the risk oflooking for a job ag

32、ain or petitive edge:the ability of anorganization to produce goods andservicesmoreeffectivelythancompetitorsdo,therebyoutperforming them.This meanstheymuststayaheadinfourareas:beingresponsivetocustomers,innovation,quality,andefficiency竞争优势e.g.Many students wrongly thinkthatmorecertificateswillcontr

33、ibutebettercompetitiveedge.很多学生错误地认为拥有的证书越多就越有竞争优势。Meaning:Moreandmoreagedpeopleareundergoingplasticsurgerytobeautifytheirlooksandgainmorecompetitiveadvantages.top:vt.to be higher than aparticular amount 超过，超越e.g.Ourprofitsthisyearhavetopped10,000,000.我们今年的利润已超1千万。the American Society of Plastic Sur

34、geons:美国整容外科协会Translation“人们把失业补贴，也就是遣散费用来整容，好在下次去面试时样子好看些，”皮特斯在接受财政时报采访时回忆说。“你都想不到这种情况有多常见。你大概还以为人们听到整容就会四下逃散呢吧。随着越来越多在育儿高峰期出生的人们推迟退休，或者冒险回来工作，或者拼命想保住现在的饭碗，更多上了年纪的人们开始转向美容以获得竞争优势。2013年，各类整容活动，包括外科手术和微创手术已超过1.51千万例；美国整容外科协会2月份的一份研究显示，年龄在55岁及以上的人数所占比例正在增加。Question about Paras.5122.Why are more and mo

35、re seniors turning to cosmetic enhancement?Hunting for a Job?Dont Expect Plastic Surgery to HelpBackNext上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Because they intend to postpone their retirement,orretain their present position and status or to gain acompetitiveadvantage.13Hunting for a Job?Dont Expect Plastic Surgery to H

36、elpBackNext上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Whilethemajorityofcosmeticprocedureswereperformedon40-to54-year-old patients,the 55+set underwent3.8 million procedures,or 26 percent.Thatsupfourpercentfrom2012,accordingtothereport.“Manypeopleintheir50sand60swhoarelookingforworkfindtheiragecanbeareal barrier to landing

37、 a new job,eventhoughagediscriminationinemploymentisillegal,”JohnRother,formerexecutivevicepresidentofPolicy,StrategyandInternational Affairs at AARP said in aninterview.“Employers have many subtlewaysoffavoringyounger,moreattractiveapplicants.”set:n.a group of people who aresimilarinsomewayandspend

38、timetogethersocially（兴趣，行业等）同类人e.g.Hesoonmixedwithamusicalsetincollege.他不久就跟大学里搞音乐的一拨人混熟了。land:vt.tosucceedingettingajob,contractetc.thatwasdifficulttoget弄到，获得e.g.My son finally landed a jobwithalawfirm.我儿子最后在一家律师行找了份工作。Meaning:findthattheiragecanpreventthemfromlookingforanewjob.age discrimination:年

39、龄歧视In workplace,there are manykindsofdiscrimination,forexample,racial discrimination,sexdiscrimination,disablediscriminationetc.subtle:a.behavinginaskilfulandcleverway,especiallyusingindirectmethods or language to hide whatyouaretryingtodo微妙的，精妙的e.g.Youdbettertakeamoresubtleapproach to persuade your

40、 parents.你最好采取更巧妙的方法来说服你父母。favor:vt.to prefer someone orsomethingtootherthingsorpeople,especiallywhenthereareseveraltochoosefrom偏好e.g.Intheelection,mostmembersfavoredMr.Johnsonovertheothercandidate.在选举中，大部分会员倾向于支持约翰逊先生，而非另一位候选人。Meaning:Companiesareinclinedtohireyounger and more attractive job-seeker

41、sthroughallkindsofsecretmethods.Note:Therearemanywaysforemployers to hire people,which arebasically divided into external approachesandinternalapproaches.Theformerincludesadvertising,jobagencies,headhunters,employeereferral(员工推荐)，college recruitment(校园招聘)，etc.,whilethelatterincludessuccessionplan(继任

42、 计 划)and rehiring.Although agediscriminationisbannedbyEqualEmploymentOrganization(EEO)ofAmerica,many companies still try to hireyounger candidates through some subtleways.Translation尽管大部分的整容行为都发生在40-54岁这个年龄段的病人中，但55岁以上这批人也接受了380万例手术，占总体26%。该报告称，这比2012年上升了4个百分点。“尽管在求职中年龄歧视是违法的，但很多五六十岁的人在找工作的时候发现年龄还真是

43、个障碍。”美国退休人员协会负责政策、策略和国际事务的前行政副总裁约翰罗瑟在接受采访时说。“雇主们通过各种隐晦的手段来聘用更年轻、更有吸引力的求职者。”14Hunting for a Job?Dont Expect Plastic Surgery to HelpBackNext上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 The result,said Rother,is that“many older women inparticular,especiallythoseincompetitivejobmarkets,aretaking steps to improve their appearance

44、 in order tobettercompeteagainstyoungerjobapplicants.”Infact,$12.6billionwasspentoncosmeticproceduresinthe U.S.in 2013,an increase of 15 percent from thepreviousyear.Thatwasthefourthstraightyearofgrowthfortheindustry,accordingtotheAmericanSocietyofPlasticSurgeons.Expertssaythegrowthhasbeeninminimall

45、yinvasivetreatments.Skin treatments such as Botox injections andsoft tissue fillers are cheaper than traditional surgicalprocedureslikefaceliftsandeyelidsurgery,andtheyrequirelessrecoverytime.These approaches are especially appealing to olderpeople in the workforce who think they are beingoutmatched

46、whencomparedtopeerswhomayappearyoungerandmoreenergetic,saidDavidSarwer,professorofPsychologyinPsychiatryandSurgeryattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Note:stepheremeans“oneofaseries of things that you do inordertodealwithaproblemortosucceed”步骤，手段e.g.Thegovernmentimmediately took steps to stoptheriot.政府立刻采

47、取措施制止了暴乱。Meaning:are trying tomake themselves look prettierthroughallmeasures Note:Theword“straight”isbeingusedasanadjectiveinthissentence,meaning“happening one after theotherinaseries”.e.g.Hehasbeendrinkingforfivehoursstraight.他连喝了五小时了。Meaning:The industry hasgrowncontinuouslyfor4years soft tissue:

48、thetissuesthatconnect,support,orsurroundotherstructuresandorgansofthebody,notbeingbone软组织 Note:appeal to means“tobe attractive or interestingto”有吸引力，引起兴趣的e.g.Her recent two novelsare not appealing to youngpeople.她最新的两本小说没有引起年轻人的兴趣。Appeal to can also mean“makeaseriouspublicrequest for help,money,info

49、rmation,etc.”要求，呼吁e.g.Thesocietyhasappealedtocitizensforprotecting the environment.协会呼吁市民们保护环境。Meaning:attractiveto theseniors Note:outmatch means“to bebetterthanorbesuperiorto”优于，胜于e.g.ThoughIcanspeakbetterEnglish than my brother,heoutmatchesmeinothersubjects.尽管我英语说得比我兄弟强，可他在其他学科上都胜我一筹。Theprefix“ou

50、t-”means“doingbetterthansomeone,sothatyoudefeatthem”,forexample,outrun,outcome,outcompete.e.g.The general manager wasrather confident that our newproduct would outcompete ourrivals.总经理坚信我们的新产品会远超对手的产品。Meaning:they feelinferiortoTranslation罗瑟说，这样做的结果就是“很多年龄较大的女性，特别是那些在高竞争性行业中的女性，都在想办法把自己搞得漂亮些，以便能跟年轻的