句子结构(宾从-状从-定从).ppt

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1、中考复习之 句子结构句子结构句子句子句子句子成分成分句子句子结构结构句子句子种类种类句子成分句子成分 主语主语:行为主体，句子描述的主体行为主体，句子描述的主体 谓语谓语:主语发出的动作主语发出的动作 宾语宾语:动作的承受者动作的承受者 定语定语:用来修饰名词、代词用来修饰名词、代词 状语状语:时间、地点、原因等时间、地点、原因等 表语表语:表示主语表示主语“是什么是什么”“怎么样怎么样”句子成分句子成分 主语：主语：You beat him.谓语谓语:You beat him.宾语宾语:You beat him.定语定语:You beat the bad boy.状语状语:You staye

2、d at home.表语表语:He is bad./He is a boy.句子种类句子种类按句子的按句子的用途用途分分 按句子的按句子的结构结构分分陈述句陈述句疑问句疑问句祈使句祈使句简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句感叹句感叹句1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?简单句简单句复合句复合句简单句简单句4.He is in Class One

3、and I am in Class Two.5.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.6.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning.并列句并列句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?9.The farmer is showing the boy how

4、 to plant a tree.10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句并列句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句结构简单句结构1.主语主语+谓语谓语2.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语3.主语主语+谓语谓语+双宾语双宾语4.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语5.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语1.简单句（只有一个主语和谓语）简单句（只有一个主语和谓语）1）I got an e-mail yesterday.2）It was from my foreign friend.3）He often reads English i

5、n the morning.4）Tom and Mike are American boys.5）She likes drawing and swimming.6）My parents gave me some advice.7）Mary heard a bird singing in the tree.8）I found a little boy standing in front of my door.9）My car broke down just now.10）A traffic accident happened.2.并列句并列句(简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句简单句)并列连

6、词有：并列连词有：and,but,or,so,for1)You help him and he helps you.2)The future is bright but the road is not flat.3)This is our first lesson,so I dont know all your names.4)Hurry up,or youll miss the train.5)We put off the sports meeting,for the weather is bad.3.复合句（主句复合句（主句+从句）从句）主语从句、主语从句、宾语从句宾语从句、表语从句、表语

7、从句、定语从句和定语从句和状语从句状语从句等。等。1）I dont know that he is an engineer.2）He asked me if/whether I will go for a picnic this weekend.3）Could you tell me where the bank is.4)The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.5)The boy went on to help his mother after he finished his h

8、omework.6）If I am free,Ill visit the Old Peoples Home.7）Although he is poor,he often helps others.8）What he says doesnt suit him.9）I like the music that I can dance to.10）He prefers the musicians who are energetic.11）She likes visiting the places where the weather is warm.宾语从句宾语从句 （The Object Clause

9、)1.The boy asks the girl,”Whats your name”?The girl says,“My name is Han Mei.”2.The girl asked the doctor,”What is wrong with her?The doctor said,“You just have a cold.”1.The boy asks the girl what her name is?2.The girl says that her name is Han Mei.3.The girl asked the doctor what was wrong with h

10、er?4.The doctor told her that she just had a cold.whatthatwhatthather name isher name is Han Meiwas wronghad a cold宾宾语语从句四要素从句四要素引引 导导 词词 语语 序序时时 态态人人 称称由由that that 引导引导(陈述句）陈述句）由特殊疑问词由特殊疑问词:what,which,who,how:what,which,who,howwhose,whom,when,where,why,whose,whom,when,where,why,引导（特殊疑问句）引导（特殊疑问句）由由

11、whether,if whether,if 引导（一般疑问句引导（一般疑问句/选择疑问句）选择疑问句）1.宾语从句的引导词：宾语从句的引导词：()1.Can you tell me_it is from here to the Summer Palace?Let me see.Its about fifteen minutes ride.A.how long B.How soon C.how far D.how muchC中考链接（考查引导词）中考链接（考查引导词）1.I want to know _ its going to rain tomorrow.2.I hear _ he will

12、be back in an hour.3.He asked _ could answer the question.4.Do you know_ they are doing now?5.He asked me _ I got up this morning.6.Please tell me _ name is Bob.7.Could you tell me _ you are late again?用恰当的引导词填空用恰当的引导词填空 if/whether(that)who whatwhenwhose why选择选择 whether,if 填空填空1.Im worried about _ I

13、 did well in the exam.2.Ask him _ to go to Anns party tonight.3.Im not sure _ or not I should follow your advice.4.Im not sure _ I can catch the early bus.I think _ you get up early,you can.1.1.在介词后面在介词后面,只能用只能用whether.whether.2.2.在动词不定式前在动词不定式前,只能用只能用whether.whether.3.3.与与 or notor not连用时，只能用连用时，只能

14、用whether.whether.4.4.表示表示“如果如果”时只能用时只能用if.if.whether whether whether if/whetherif如果如果1.think 的宾语从句否定前移的宾语从句否定前移,疑问词放句首。疑问词放句首。e.g 1)He hasnt been to Tibet.I think.(合并为一句）合并为一句）I dont think he has been to Tibet.2)你认为他去哪里了？你认为他去哪里了？A.Do you think where he has gone?B.Where do you think he has gone?C.Do

15、 you think where has he gone?D.Where do you think has he gone?3)你认为我们班谁最聪明？你认为我们班谁最聪明？A.Who do you think is the cleverest?B.Do you think who is the cleverest?注意：注意：B.Where do you think he has gone?A.Who do you think is the cleverest?()6.Do you know _ the MP4 yesterday.Sorry,Ive no idea about it.A.ho

16、w much did he pay for B.how much he paid for C.he paid for how much D.he paid how much forB中考链接（考察语序）中考链接（考察语序）1)你能告诉我怎么去博物馆吗？你能告诉我怎么去博物馆吗？Could you tell me how _ _ get to the museum?2)他问我来自哪里？他问我来自哪里？He asked me where _ _ _.3)请告诉我你刚才去哪里了。请告诉我你刚才去哪里了。Please tell me where _ _ just now?I can I came fr

17、om you went“主语主语+谓语谓语”2.宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序：2.当疑问词作宾语从句的主语时，语序不变：当疑问词作宾语从句的主语时，语序不变：1)Whats wrong?2)Whats the matter?3)Whats happening?4)What happened?5)Which is the way to the hospital?eg:1)我不知道她怎么了？我不知道她怎么了？I dont know whats the matter with her.2)你知道哪条路是去医院的吗？你知道哪条路是去医院的吗？Do you know which is the way

18、to the hospital?注意：注意：()2.Where is Tom?Do you know?I think he_ to the library.A.has gone B.goes C.has been D.went()3.Tom said he _ back in a week.A.will come B.would come C.come D.has comeAB中考链接（考察时态）中考链接（考察时态）()4.Please tell me _.I have some good news for him.A.where Robert lives B.where does Rober

19、t live C.where Robert lived D.where did Robert liveA中考链接（考察综合运用）中考链接（考察综合运用）.()7.The new designed car is on show now.I wonder _.A.how much it cost B.how much did it cost C.how much it costs D.how much does it costC中考链接（考察综合运用）中考链接（考察综合运用）Tom _(be)to Guilin twice.she _(come)tomorrow.Jim _(go)to work

20、an hour ago.he _(be)interested in English.（1）.主句（一般现在时），宾语从句（任何时态）主句（一般现在时），宾语从句（任何时态）I hear(that)3.宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态:has been will come went is1.He said that he will go to Xian soon.2.2.Lily told me that she is ill yesterday.3.3.Bob said he is watching TV at that time.4.4.Mary told me that she has had

21、 supper already.would was was watchinghad had（2）.主句（一般过去时），主句（一般过去时），宾语从句（相应的过去时态）。宾语从句（相应的过去时态）。1)He said that the sun _(be)much bigger than the moon.2)My teacher told me that light _ (travel)faster than the sound.3)I knew the earth _(move)around the sun.（3）.当当宾语从宾语从句是句是客观存在的事实客观存在的事实或者真理时，或者真理时，仍是

22、仍是用一般现在时用一般现在时态。态。is travels moves注意：注意：3.宾宾语从语从句转化为简单句句转化为简单句1)I really dont know what I should say to him.I really dont know _ _ _ to him.2)I find its difficult to solve the problem.I find _ difficult _ solve the problem.what to sayit to4.据说，据报道据说，据报道1)Its said that Li Lei _(fall)off his bike and

23、hurt himself.2)Its reported that it _(rain)tomorrow.fellis going to rain 状语从句状语从句 （The adverbial Clause)1)as soon as.2)unless.3)because 4)so.that.5)as.as 6)in order that.7)though时间状语从句时间状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句1.1)While he _(brush)his teeth,the tel

24、ephone _(ring).2)When you _(cross)the street,you should obey the traffic rules.3)Do you often use disposable chopsticks when _(eat)in restaurants?2.1)If Bob _(have)enough time,he _(visit)Old Peoples Home.2)If I _(be)you,I _(visit)Old Peoples Home.3)Be careful,or youll cut your finger._ you are caref

25、ul,you wont cut your finger._ you _ careful,you will cut your finger.3.1)As it was rainy yesterday,we _ (not go)hiking.2)Why didnt you go hiking yesterday?_ it is rainy.4.1)The girl is _ scared that she cant say a word.The girl is _ scared _ say a word.2)Its _ a cute dog that we all like it.=The dog

26、 is _ cute that we all like it.5.1)The girl is scared so that she cant say a word.2)We got up early so that we could be on time.3)We got up early so that we caught the early bus.6.This room is three times as _(big)as that one.=This room is twice _(big)than that one.7.1)Although she was badly ill,she

27、 went on working.=She was badly ill,_ she went on working.2)Whatever you do,please try your best.=_ _ _ you do,please try your best.定语从句定语从句 （The attributive Clause)1)先行词为人先行词为人 2)先行词为物先行词为物3)人或物的人或物的 4)先行词为时间先行词为时间5)先行词为地点先行词为地点 6)先行词为原因先行词为原因who/that/whomwhich/thatwhosewhenwherewhy1.Do you know wh

28、ere we can go for a picnic?2.Do you know a place where we can have a picnic?1.The man _ spoke at the meeting is my father.2.Thats the girl _ I met at the party yesterday.2.I dont like the story _ he told me yesterday.3.Mr.Green lives in a house _ window is red.4.Its the playground _ we played footba

29、ll yesterday.5.It is the day _ the PRC was founded.6.It is the reason _ I was late.who/thatwho/that/whomwhich/thatwhosewherewhenwhy1.The girl who is under the tree is Lily.2.The girl who is standing under the tree is Lily.3.The girl who is called Lily is under the tree.4.Have you found anything that is important in Todays newspaper?5.Do you have anything that you want say about our exam?The girl under the tree is Lily.The girl standing under the tree is Lily.The girl called Lily is under the tree.Have you found anything important in Todays newspaper?Do you have anything to say about our exam?