汽车专业英语-1-automotive-basics.ppt
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1、汽车专业英语-1-automotive-basicsBodyBrakingEngineSuspensionSteeringPower trainElectrical systemChassisChapter 1 Automotive BasicsWhats the main parts of an automobile?Todays average car contains more than 15,000 separate,individual parts that must work that must work togethertogether.These parts can be gr
2、ouped into four major categories:body,engine,chassis and electrical equipment。现在的在的车辆一般都由一般都由15000多个多个分散分散、独独立立且且相互配合相互配合的零部的零部件件组成。成。这些零部件些零部件主要分主要分为四四类:车身、身、发动机、底机、底盘和和电气气设备。1.1 BodyAn automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows,doors,a hood and a trunk deck built into it.It provide a prot
3、ective covering for the engine,passengers and cargo.汽汽车车身由金属薄板外壳和窗身由金属薄板外壳和窗户、车门、发动机罩、机罩、行李箱盖等行李箱盖等组成。汽成。汽车车身身为发动机、乘机、乘员和和货物提物提供了保供了保护。Hood:发动机罩机罩 bonnet 软帽帽Trunk deck:行李箱盖:行李箱盖 Trunk/boot:行李箱行李箱 靴子靴子Luggage:行李:行李 baggageCargo:货物物 goodsThe body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable.The
4、 body styling provides an attractive,colorful,moderns appearance for the vehicle.汽汽车车身的身的设计还应该保保证乘乘员的安全舒适。的安全舒适。车身的身的造型(款式)使得汽造型(款式)使得汽车看起来漂亮迷人、色彩斑看起来漂亮迷人、色彩斑斓、时尚前尚前卫。Three points seatbelt in a carFive points harness in a racing car铠甲铠甲 甲胄甲胄Airbag 1885 Benz1927 Ford model T1934 Citron Traction Avant
5、 1953 Morris Minor Series 2Mini cooperA sedan has an enclosed body with a maximum of 4 doors to allow access to the passenger compartment.The design also allows for storage of luggage or other goods.A sedan can also be referred to as a saloon and traditionally has a fixed roof.There are soft-top ver
6、sions of the same body design except for having 2 doors,and these are commonly referred to as convertibles.轿车车身身为封封闭式,乘式,乘员通通过车门进出,出,轿车最多有最多有4个个车门。另外。另外车身的身的设计还应考考虑行李和行李和货物的存放。物的存放。传统的的轿车都是硬都是硬顶车身。活身。活顶乘用乘用车(敞篷(敞篷车)的)的车顶是是软顶,车身身设计与普通与普通轿车类似,但只有两个似,但只有两个车门。行李箱行李箱行李行李 =?发动机机/发动机罩机罩Trunk/bootLuggage/ba
7、ggageEngine/hook/bonnetThe utility or pick-up carries goods.Usually it has stronger chassis components and suspension than a sedan to support greater gross vehicle mass.皮卡一般用来运皮卡一般用来运载货物。物。为能承能承载更大的更大的总质量,量,皮卡的底皮卡的底盘和和悬架比架比轿车更更结实。utility/pick-up:皮卡皮卡Gross vehicle mass:车辆总质量量Curb weight 汽汽车整整备重量重量Lig
8、ht vehicle vans can be based on common sedan designs or redesigns so that maximum cargo space is available.轻型型货车一般是一般是基于普通基于普通轿车设计的,或是重新的,或是重新设计使可用使可用载货空空间最大化。最大化。A van is a kind of vehicle used for transporting goods or groups of people.It is usually a box-shaped vehicle on four wheels,about the sa
9、me width and length as a large automobile,but taller and usually higher off the ground,also referred to as a light commercial vehicle or LCV.The body of commercial vehicles that transport goods are designed for that specific purpose.Tankers transport fluids,tippers carry earth or bulk grains,flatbed
10、s and vans are used for general goods transport.用于运用于运输货物的商用物的商用车车身必身必须满足具体要求,例足具体要求,例如运如运输液体的油罐液体的油罐车、运、运输泥土或散装谷物的自卸泥土或散装谷物的自卸车、运、运输一般一般货物的平板物的平板车或或货车。no sides or roofBuses and coaches are usually 4-wheel rigid vehicles,but a large number of wheels and axles can be used.Sometimes articulated buses
11、are used to increase capacity.Buses and coaches can be single-deck or double-deck.Buses are commonly used in cities as commuter transports while coaches are more luxurious used for long distances.客客车和和长途汽途汽车一般有一般有4个个车轮,车架架为整体式,也整体式,也能配能配备更多的更多的车轮和和车桥。为了增加客了增加客车的的载客量客量往往使用由往往使用由铰链连接的客接的客车。公共汽。公共汽车和和长
12、途汽途汽车有有单层和双和双层两种。公共汽两种。公共汽车一般用城市内公共交一般用城市内公共交通,而通,而长途汽途汽车一般用于一般用于长距离的旅行。距离的旅行。single-deck busdouble-deckerArticulated busCoach1.2 EngineThe engine acts as the power unit.The internal combustion engine is most common:this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder.There are
13、 two types of engine:gasoline(also called a spark-ignition engine)and diesel(also called a compression-ignition engine).Both engines are called heat engines;the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected
14、to the power train.发动机机/内燃机内燃机/汽油汽油(点燃式)(点燃式)/柴油(柴油(压燃式)燃式)/热力力发动机机/动力力传动系系发动机作机作为动力力设备,常,常见的的类型是内燃机,其原理是型是内燃机,其原理是通通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而而产生能量。生能量。发动机可机可分分为两两类:汽油机(点燃式)和柴油机(:汽油机(点燃式)和柴油机(压燃式),都燃式),都属于属于热力力发动机。燃料燃机。燃料燃烧产生生热量使缸内气量使缸内气压上升,上升,产生的能量生的能量驱动轴旋旋转,并,并传递给动力力传动系。系。The way engine cylinders ar
15、e arranged is called engine configuration.In-line engines have the cylinders in a line.The design creates a simply cast engine block.In vehicles applications,the number of cylinders is normally from 2 up to 6.Usually,the cylinders are vertical.As the number of the cylinders increase,the length of th
16、e block and crankshaft can become a problem.One way to avoid this is with a V configuration.The design makes the engines block and crankshaft shorter and more rigid.发动机的布置即机的布置即发动机气缸的排列方式。机气缸的排列方式。发动机缸体按直机缸体按直线排排列的即直列式,列的即直列式,这种布置使得种布置使得发动机缸体机缸体结构构简单。汽。汽车发动机机一般一般为26缸,通常气缸是垂直放置的,但气缸数量的增加会缸,通常气缸是垂直放置的
17、,但气缸数量的增加会导致缸体和曲致缸体和曲轴的的长度度过大,解决大,解决问题的措施之一就是采用的措施之一就是采用V型布型布置,置,这种布置方式可以使种布置方式可以使发动机缸体和曲机缸体和曲轴长度尺寸更短,从而度尺寸更短,从而大大增加大大增加刚度。度。The basic cylinder arrangements of a diesel or gas-burning engine are:cylinder-in-line;V-arrangement and Flat.An engine located at the front can be mounted longitudinally and
18、can drive either the front or the rear wheels.Rear engine vehicles have the engine mounted behind the rear wheels.The engine can be transverse or longitudinal and usually drive the rear wheels only.前置前置发动机可以机可以纵向布置,能向布置,能够驱动前前轮或后或后轮。后置后置发动机布置在后机布置在后轮后后侧,发动机即可机即可纵向布置向布置又可横向布置,一般只能又可横向布置,一般只能驱动后后轮。Int
19、ernal combustion engine:内燃机、内燃机、外燃机外燃机Cylinder:汽缸汽缸 圆柱体柱体Gasoline/diesel:汽油:汽油 柴油柴油 Ignition:点燃:点燃 igniteShaft/Crankshaft:轴 曲曲轴TransmissionConfigurationLongitudinal:纵向向Transverse:横向:横向1.车身身2.轿车3.变速器速器4.发动机罩机罩5.铰接式客接式客车6.皮卡皮卡7.行李箱盖行李箱盖8.造型、外形造型、外形9.货物物10.行李行李bodySedan/saloontransmissionHood/bonnetArt
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