新视野大学英语第三册第六单元课文讲解.ppt

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1、Unit 6How to prepare for earthquakes Ideally,people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will be.In both Japan and China,people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast.In Japan,scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements.The Chinese have

2、 traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes.For example,the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake,hens behavior changesthey refuse to enter their cages at night.They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot

3、,evenParagraph 1normally quiet dogs.Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan,there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water.Certain birds,like pigeons,also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before the earthquake.Perhaps

4、 most interesting,and most easily measured,is a chemical change in ground water before a quake.Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon(Rn)in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.译文句型Paragraph 2 People would also like to be able to prevent the great

5、destruction of property caused by earthquakes.After all,most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings.Therefore,building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern.Steel seems to be the best material,but not if it is welded to form a rigid s

6、tructure.Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint,an I-joint,which appears to be the most d u r a b l e t y p e o f j o i n t.译文句型 These joints of steel can move without breaking.Also,to prevent property damage,architects now design buildings so that the buildings columns and hor

7、izontal beams are of equal strength,and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil.In addition,many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls.Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel.译文Paragraph 3 Besides

8、working to improve building structures,people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake.They should regularly check and reinforce their homes,place heavy objects in low positions,attach cupboards and cabinets to walls,and fasten doors so that the

9、y will not open accidentally during an e a r t h q u a k e .译文句型 In addition to preparing their houses,people in these regions need to prepare themselves.They should have supplies of water and food at home and at work.It is best to store several gallons of water per person.It is also important to ha

10、ve something that can clean water and kill bacteria,so water from other sources can be made safe to drink.Store one weeks food for each person.Earth-quake survival supplies include a radio receiver,a torch,extra batteries,first aid supplies,a spade,a tent,some rope,and warm clothing.Experts also sug

11、gest the following:译文Paragraph 4 Keep a fire extinguisher handy.You should have one at home,at work,and in your car(if you have one).The fire extinguisher should be able to put out any type of fire.Have the proper tools to turn off gas and water lines if necessary.Arrange an auxiliary cooking and he

12、ating source that can be used outside.One alternative is a portable camp stove with small cans of gas.Keep a pair of heavy,comfortable shoes or boots in your home,at work,and in your vehicle.If there is an earthquake,there will be lots of fragments of broken glass.Light shoes will not protect your f

13、eet a s w e l l a s h e a v y s h o e s w i l l.译文Paragraph 5 Every family needs to have earthquake emergency plans.How will family members leave the area during the chaos following an earthquake?Everyone should agree on a meeting point outside of the areaperhaps in a town several miles away.Also im

14、portant is an arrangement for family members to communicate if there is an earthquake.If an earthquake happens in a large city,many of the telephone lines within the city are likely to be down.译文Paragraph 6 The few remaining working lines will be busy with the calls that naturally occur after a disa

15、ster and it will be difficult to call from one part of the city to another.It might,however,be possible to call outside the city.A sensible arrangement is to have all of the members of the family call to check in with a friend or relative who lives more than a hundred miles away.译文 Although scientis

16、ts still cannot predict earthquakes,they are learning a great deal about how the large plates in the Earths crust move,the stresses between plates,how earthquakes work,and the general probability that a given place will have an earthquake.Someday soon it may actually become possible to predict earth

17、quakes with accuracy.However,even if prediction becomes possible,people who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence will still have to do their best to prevent disasters by building structures that are resistant to ground movement and by being personally prepared.译文Paragraph 7难句解析 Th

18、ese precautions can make a great difference in saving lives and preventing the loss of homes.Education concerning how to survive an earthquake should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects.译文第一段 从理想上说，人们希望知道地震什么时候发生，破坏程度会如何。在日本和中国，人们长期以来一直相信地震是可以预测的。

19、在日本，科学家在陆地上和海洋中铺设电线，以监测它们的运动。而中国人的传统做法是观察动植物以获取地震的警示信号。例如，中国人注意到，地震之前母鸡的行为会有所异常：它们夜晚不肯进笼。他们还注意到，蛇会爬出地穴而冻死，狗会狂吠不已，甚至那些平常很安静的狗也会叫个不停。日本的阪神地震发生之前，有报告说大批鱼群游到了水面。有些鸟，如鸽子，也显得特别聒噪，据说地震前它们飞行的方式也与往常不同。也许最有趣、也最容易测量的，是地震前地下水发生的化学变化。实验数据似乎表明，地震前地下水中氡的含量会增高。返回第二段 人们还希望能够预防地震会造成的重大财产损失。要知道，人们还希望能够预防地震会造成的重大财产损失。要

20、知道，多数在地震中丧生的人都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的。所以，多数在地震中丧生的人都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的。所以，具有抗震能力的房屋结构是关注的重点。钢似乎是最佳的建具有抗震能力的房屋结构是关注的重点。钢似乎是最佳的建材，但一旦被焊接成僵硬的结构就不行了。许多新式结构都材，但一旦被焊接成僵硬的结构就不行了。许多新式结构都采用了一种新型的钢接合方法，即采用了一种新型的钢接合方法，即I形接合，它看来是最耐形接合，它看来是最耐用的一种接合。这种钢接合在移动时不会断裂。同样，为了用的一种接合。这种钢接合在移动时不会断裂。同样，为了预防财产损失，建筑师如今设计楼房时会使房屋的支柱和横预防财产损失，建筑师如今

21、设计楼房时会使房屋的支柱和横梁力度相等，而垂直支柱则深深插入坚实的地基中。此外，梁力度相等，而垂直支柱则深深插入坚实的地基中。此外，许多新型房屋都采用了较轻的屋顶和坚实的墙壁。高架桥的许多新型房屋都采用了较轻的屋顶和坚实的墙壁。高架桥的水泥柱先前只是在内部有钢筋，如今外面也包上了钢板。水泥柱先前只是在内部有钢筋，如今外面也包上了钢板。返回第三段 除了设法改善建筑结构外，地震频发区的人们也需要为可能发生的大地震做好防备工作。他们应当定期检查和加固房屋，将重物放在低处，将橱柜和柜子贴墙放置，加固房门以防地震时意外脱开。返回第四段 除做好房屋的防震外，这些地区的人们还需要为自身做些防备。他们应该在家

22、里和工作地储备些水和食物。最好每人储备几加仑水。储备一些可以净化水和消灭病菌的东西也很重要，这样就可以安全地饮用其他来源的水了。每人准备一周的食物。地震救生储备还包括无线电接收器、手电、备用电池、急救用品、铁锹、帐篷、绳子和保暖衣物。此外，专家们还提出了以下建议：返回第五段 手边备有灭火器。应该在住处、工作场所和汽车里(如果你有车的话)都存放一个。灭火器应该是可以扑灭任何火灾的那种。有必要的话，准备一些能关闭煤气和自来水管道的特制工具。准备一个备用的户外烹调和取暖用具，可以准备一个便携式露营灶和几小罐煤气。在住处、工作场所和汽车里放一双厚重、舒适的鞋或靴子。发生地震时会有大量的玻璃碎片。轻便的

23、鞋子不能像厚重的鞋子那样保护好你的双脚。返回第六段 每个家庭都需要制定地震应急计划。如何让一家人在地震的混乱中安全离开？大家应该商定一个地震区外的会合点可能是在几英里外的某个市镇。同样，协商好地震时家人的联络方式也很重要。地震若发生在大城市，市里的许多电话线路很可能中断，剩下的为数不多的可用线路会很忙，因为灾难之后自然会有许多电话，要从市里的一个地方打到另一个地方会很困难。但可能通向市外的电话是通的。明智的安排是，让所有的家人都给一个住在一百多英里之外的朋友或亲戚打个电话，以报平安。返回第七段 尽管科学家们仍无法预测地震，但对地壳中的大板块如何移动，板块间的压力如何，地震如何发生，某地区发生地

24、震的一般概率为多少，他们了解得越来越多。在不久的将来，精确预测地震将成为可能。然而，即使可以预测，居住在地震频发区的人们还是应尽力预防灾难，办法是建造能够抵抗地表运动的房屋，同时做好个人准备。在挽救生命和防止家庭损失方面，这些预防措施会发挥很大的作用。教育人们如何在地震中求生，应该是所有政府规划和地震研究项目的重点所在。返回watch for 寻找，等待Well be watching for any developments.我们会密切注意事情的任何进展come out of We saw him come out of the room.我们看见他走出房间。Big ideas come o

25、ut of big pencils.灵感来自那支大铅笔v.由产生，从出来大批鱼群 large schools of fish重大财产损失重大财产损失 the great destruction of property一群海豚一群海豚 a school of dolphins雨林的毁坏雨林的毁坏 the destruction of rainforests so that I want to leave now.I wont be late.I took no notice of him.He flew into a rage.用.so that.合成下列组句:I want to leave n

26、ow so that I wont be late.I took no notice of him so that he flew into a rage。be of+adj.+noun=be+adv.+adj.用“be of+adj.+noun.”改写下列句子:The book he bought yesterday is very helpful It is said that yoga is very beneficial to human health.The book he bought yesterday is of much help.It is said that yoga i

27、s of great benefit to human health.attach to 附属于，参加，归于例句：1.This hospital is attached to a medical college。这家医院附属于一个医学院。2.He attached himself to the Party 他入党了 3.No blame attaches to him for the accident。责任不在他身上。in addition to 除之外老板要他每天干16个钟头的活，还打他The boss worked him 16 hours a day and beat him in ad

28、dition。if necessary 如有必要Translation如有必要，这个讨论会可在明天继续进行。KeyThis discussion can,if necessary,be continued tomorrow.agree on 协商，与达成一致agree on:have the same opinion about agree to:accept;approveagree with:have the same opinion with sb1)Finally the committee your request.2)I cant your father;it is a fooli

29、sh risk.3)The two sides the date of negotiation.agreed toagree withhave agreed oncheck in记录，登记签到 例句:What time can I check in?我什么时候可以登记？The reception personnel will help you check in.接待人员会帮助你们办理入住手续。make a/no difference 对有/无影响1.海边的空气改善了他的健康状况.The sea air has made a difference to his health.2.你是去是留对我都

30、无所谓。It doesnt make any difference to me whether you go or stay.Keep handy 手边备有看看他手边常备的东西，你就会知道他的生活情趣Take a look at what he often keeps handy and you will catch on to his taste for life.be likely to 很可能很可能只有当你学会在逆境中前行，你才有可能懂得人生的真谛。Only when you learn to forge ahead in adversity are you likely to know

31、 the true meaning of life.insert sth.into/in/between 刊登麦氏(Maxwell House)在一家报纸上曾刊登了一则广告：滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。The Maxwell House inserted in a newspaper an advertisement:Good to the last drop.1)detect(vt)察觉，发现；探测如果许多癌症在早期被发现，那么是可以治愈的。Many forms of cancers can be cured if detected early.我察觉到他的态度有微妙的变化I detected a

32、slight change in his attitude.detect sb.In(doing)sth.发现某人在做（坏事）他考试作弊时被发现了。He was detected in the act of cheating on the exam.detectable a.可发觉的，可看穿的 detective n./a.侦探，侦探的detection n.察觉，探测；侦察2)wax vi.变大，增强 【u】a solid fatty or oily substance 蜡Her feelings for John wax and wine.她对约翰的感情时好时坏。It is obvious

33、 that a coating of wax was put on the paper.纸上涂了一层蜡。（月的）盈亏圆缺喻盛衰3）withstand vt.经受，承受，顶住an attacksevere teststhe stormhard wear(fire)hardship抵御攻击经得起严峻的考验顶得住暴风雨耐穿能吃苦withstand军队太弱了，抵挡不了任何进攻。The troops were too weak to withstand any attack这双鞋子很耐穿。The pair of shoes withstands hard wear.4)enclose vt.围住，包住他

34、们用篱笆围住了院子。They enclosed their yard with a fence.兹附上200美元支票。I enclosed herein a check for Us dollars.enclosed a.被附上的enclosure n.围地，围栏；随信附件5）extinguish vt 使熄灭，扑灭 使(希望等)破灭extinguish a fire 灭火His dream of an actor is extinguished with the failure.他的演员梦随着失败而破灭。distinguish v.区别，辨别6)sensible adj 合理的,明智的a s

35、ensible man 明智的人a sensible decision 明智的决定a sensible arrangement 合理的安排预防总是比治疗更明智，而且花费更少。Prevention is always more sensible and less costly than cure.Assoclationsense n./vt.感觉，意义，见识；理解sensitive a.敏感的，灵敏的，感光的 Bank fillingsensible sense sensitive1.A driver has a good of locality.2.It would be to leave e

36、arly,in case theres a lot of traffic.3.She is very to what people think of her.sensesensiblesensitive7)resistant a.:offering resistance 抵抗的，对抗的Collocationwater-heat-resistantbullet-TranslationConservative people are usually resistant to change.保守的人通常反对变化。Assoclationpersistent a.坚持的，固执的；持续的insistent

37、a.坚持不懈的assistant n./a.助手，助理；助理的，辅助的防水的防热的防弹的8)precaution n.:an action done to prevent sth.from happening 预防，预防措施take precaution against 采取预防.的措施政府采取了各种预防措施，以防止非典的进一步蔓延。The government has taken all precautions to prevent further spreading of SARS.Useful expressions留意，观察离开，从.出来别忘了，终究，究竟将.插入，嵌入将.附在/缚在救

38、生储备熄灭，扑灭救急计划watch forcome out ofafter allinsert intoattach tosurvival supplies put outemergency plan会合点加之，除.之外登记，报到一般概率对.有影响，起作用在工作的地方就.达成一致意见a meeting point in addition(to)check in general probability be resistant ti at work agree on/uponPerhaps most/Particularly+adj./PP,and most+adj./PP,is.也许最尤其也许

39、最尤其 .也最也最.的，是的，是.也许最难能可贵、也最令人钦佩的，是他出污泥而不染的品质。也许最难能可贵、也最令人钦佩的，是他出污泥而不染的品质。Perhaps most remarkable,and most admirable,is his virtue of remaining honest in spite of general corruptionAfter all,.(理由理由).Therefore,.is a major concern/emphasis.要知道毕竟，要知道毕竟，.所以所以 .是关注的重点。是关注的重点。要知道，我们仍然是一个发展中国家。所以，如何使我们的国民要知

40、道，我们仍然是一个发展中国家。所以，如何使我们的国民经济保持可持续发展将是关注的重点。经济保持可持续发展将是关注的重点。After all,we are still a developing country.Therefore,how to keep our economic development sustainable will be a major concern.Besides/In addition to/Apart from working/seeking to.,sb needs to.除了设法除了设法.外外,某人也某人也/还需要还需要.除了设法改革课程结构外，校方还需最大限度地

41、丰富校园生活。除了设法改革课程结构外，校方还需最大限度地丰富校园生活。Besides seeking to reform the structures of courses,the university needs to enrich the campus life to the fullest.此句的主句是people will still have to do their best,修饰people 的定语从句who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence中又包含where 引导的修饰areas的 定 语 从 句；even if predicton becomes possible 是 让 步 状 语 从 句，structures 后 接that 引导的定语从句。