初中状语从句复习课件.ppt

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1、 The Adverbial Clause 状语从句状语从句 状语从句是副词性从句;其句法功能是修饰谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子等;在句中作状语。1.时间状语从句时间状语从句2.条件状条件状语语从句从句3.比比较较状状语语从句从句4.结结果状果状语语从句从句5.原因状原因状语语从句从句6.目的状语从句目的状语从句7.让让步状步状语语从句从句8.方式状语从句方式状语从句9.地点状语从句地点状语从句一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句 1.引导时间状语从句的连词有：引导时间状语从句的连词有：while,when,as,as soon as,till,until,notuntil,befor

2、e,after,since,etc当主句用一般现在时或表示将来含义时，当主句用一般现在时或表示将来含义时，时间状语从句常用一般现在时表将来时间状语从句常用一般现在时表将来。Ill tell you the news when I come back.She will call me as soon as she arrives in Shanghai.2.在when引导的时间状语从句中，动作可以是表示延续的，也可以是表示瞬间的；while引导的从句中，动作一定是表示延续的 I was watching TV when Tom came in.Tom came in while I was wa

3、tching TV.3.until/till表示主句动作结束的时间。在肯定句中表示“直到.为止”，主句要用延续性动词。My mother waited till/until I came back.在否定句中，until/till表示“直到.才”，主句通常用瞬间动词。这时until可用before替换。常构成：notuntil结构，有时可用never,nothing代替not.He didnt leave until/before I came back.4、由by the time引导的时间状语从句注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；By

4、 the time you came back,I had finished this book.5、由each time,every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。Each time she came to Hainan,she would call on me.Whenever you go,I will follow you!You grow younger every time I see you.6、as soon as 表示主句表示主句发生的生的动作作发生在从句生在从句动作之后，作之后，意意为“一一就就”。如果主句是一般将来。如果主句是一般将来时，情，情态动词加加动

5、词原形或祈使句原形或祈使句时，时间状状语从句从句用一般用一般现在在时。如：如：Ill phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua My brother went out as soon as I got home.二、地点状语从句二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句一般由连接副词地点状语从句一般由连接副词where,wherever等等引导引导 句型句型1：Where 从句，（从句，（there+）主句。）主句。Where bees are,there is honey.There is a will where there is a way.句型句型2：Any

6、where/Wherever从句，主句。从句，主句。Wherever the sea is,you will find seamen.Wherever he goes,Ill go.You can live anywhere you like.三、原因状三、原因状语语从句从句 由由because,as,since,for等等词词引引导导1）because表示的往往是表示的往往是读读者不了解的、不明者不了解的、不明显显的原因，是全的原因，是全句叙述的重点，句叙述的重点，语语气最气最强强，只能用，只能用because回答由疑回答由疑问词问词why引引导导的疑的疑问问句。句。该从句一般位于主句后；该

7、从句一般位于主句后；He was absent from the meeting that day because he had a bad cold.Because he was ill,he didnt go to school yesterday.重点提示：重点提示：because不能与并列不能与并列连词连词so同同时时在句中使用。在句中使用。She was late for school because she missed the bus.=She missed the bus,so she was late for school.2)Since是指分析后的原因，读者多少了解，不是全

8、部叙述的重点，语气较弱。since比as正式，两者不回答why引导的问句，而且其从句一般放在句首。Since you have read the story,I wont tell you again.Since everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.3)As 表示读者了解的明显原因，不是全句叙述的重点，较口语化，语气较弱。As I was in a hurry,I left my book at home.As I knew he was ill,I didnt call him.4)有because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可用for

9、来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是对多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。He is absent today,because/for he is ill.He must be ill,for he is absent today.（2）for是并列连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、是并列连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。随便附加说明的理由或推断。The oil must be out,for the light went out.（3）because和和becouse of 也有明也有明显显的区的区别别。because后面要后面要跟从句，而跟从句，

10、而because of 后面要跟名后面要跟名词词短短语语。He is late for school because it rains heavily.He is late for school because of the heavy rain.四、四、目的状语从句目的状语从句 用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的从句叫做目的状语从句。用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的从句叫做目的状语从句。表示目的状语的从句可以由表示目的状语的从句可以由that,so that,so,in order that,in case等词引导。目的状语从句常含有等词引导。目的状语从句常含有can,could,

11、may,might should等情态动词。等情态动词。五、五、结结果状果状语语从句从句 结结果状果状语语从句表示从句表示结结果，通常位于主句之后。引果，通常位于主句之后。引导结导结果状果状语语从句的从句的连词连词（词组词组）有：）有：sothat,suchthat(如此如此.以至于），以至于），so that,that(结结果）等。果）等。(1)sothat 与与such.that的区别的区别 so形容词副词形容词副词that从句从句 so形容词形容词a an单数可数名词单数可数名词that从句从句 such a an 形容词单数可数名词形容词单数可数名词 that从句从句 such形容词复

12、数可数名词不可数名词形容词复数可数名词不可数名词that从句从句 例如：例如：He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.She is such a good girl that we all like her.=She is so good a girl that we all like her.(2)当当that引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时，引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时，sothat.可以与可以与beenough to do转换；当

13、从句为否定句式，转换；当从句为否定句式，可以与可以与tooto.或或be not.enough to do转换，从转换，从而使复合句变为简单句。而使复合句变为简单句。Peter is so tall that he can reach the apple on the big tree.=Peter is tall enough to reach the apple on the big tree.The boy is so young that he cant look after himself.=The boy is too young to look after himself.=Th

14、e boy is not old enough to look after himself.(5）注意注意：so that 用在单数可数名词前用在单数可数名词前 如：如：She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her.so that 之间只有形容词时，则不能用之间只有形容词时，则不能用 such，如：如：It is so good that I want to buy.在在much，many，few，little 之前只能用之前只能用so，如：如：I have so little money that I cant buy it.在不可数名

15、词或可数名词复数前只能用在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用 such，如：如：It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic.They are such good players that they should win the game.六、六、条件状条件状语语从句从句 由由if,unless 等等连词连词引引导导。unless=ifnot 表示表示“除非除非”“如果不如果不”。由于本身已含有否定意。由于本身已含有否定意义义，因此不要在，因此不要在unless后用否定句式。后用否定句式。若主句是一般将来若主句是一般将来时时，if,unle

16、ss引引导导的从句要用一般的从句要用一般现现在在时时表将来。若主句表将来。若主句为为祈使句或用一般祈使句或用一般现现在在时时或含情或含情态动态动词词，从句也用一般，从句也用一般现现在在时时。I wont go unless Im invited.If you work hard,youll make progress.条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴，有时它可以替代从句和条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴，有时它可以替代从句和主句，它就是主句，它就是“祈使句祈使句+and/or+简单句简单句”。其中。其中and 表示句意表示句意顺承；顺承；or 则表示转折，意为则表示转折，意为“否则否则

17、”。If you work harder,youll pass the exam.=Work harder and youll pass the exam.If you dont hurry up,youll miss the train.=Hurry up,or youll miss the train.用介词用介词with,without可以把条件状语从句改写成简单句：可以把条件状语从句改写成简单句：If there is no water,the fish may die.=Fish may die without water.If you help me,Ill finish my t

18、ask on time.=With your help,Ill finish my task on time.if 如果如果+条件状语从句，主将从现。条件状语从句，主将从现。如：如：If it rains,they wont go to the parkon Sunday If 是否是否+宾语从句宾语从句。宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，态，如：如：I want to know if he will come here tomorrow。七七.让让步状步状语语从句从句 在主句中作在主句中作让让步状步状语语的从句称的从句称为让为让步状步状语语从句。从句。让让步状步

19、状语语从句从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾。引可置于句首，也可置于句尾。引导让导让步状步状语语从句的从句的连词连词主要有以下主要有以下这这些：些：though,although,as,even if,even though,whetheror,no matter+疑疑问问句，疑句，疑问词问词-ever.1、though，although表示表示“虽虽然，然，纵纵然然”之意。之意。这这两个两个连词连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换换使用。在口使用。在口语语中，中，though较较常使用，常使用，although比比though正式。正式。Although/Thou

20、gh his father was worn out,he kept on working.Although/Though my mother is very old,she is quite strong.重要提示：though，although不能与but在句中同时使用。Though the old man was poor,he was very happy.=The old man was poor,but he was very happy.4、whetheror表示表示“不论是否不论是否”“不管是不管是还是还是”之之意。意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方由这一

21、个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。如：面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。如：Youll have to attend the meeting whether youre free or busy.Whether you believe it or not,its true.5、“no matter+疑问词疑问词”或或“疑问词疑问词-ever”的含义为的含义为“都都,不管不管都都”，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换，如：，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换，如：No matter what happened,he would not mind.(=

22、Whatever happened,he would not mind.)No matter who you are,you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are,you must keep the law.)八、八、比比较较状状语语从句从句 比比较较状状语语从句主要运用于形容从句主要运用于形容词词和副和副词词的原的原级级、比、比较级较级及最高及最高级级的句子之中。的句子之中。1）原）原级级 (1)asas 和和.一一样样 Jack is as tall as Tom.(2)not so(as)as.不如不如.那那样样 She is not so(as)out

23、going as her sister.2）比）比较级较级 morethan 比比.更更.This book is more instructive than that one.3）最高）最高级级 (1)the most in/of This book is the most interesting of the three.(2)the+形容形容词词最高最高级级.of/in This road is the busiest street in our city.九、方式状语从句九、方式状语从句 在主句中作方式状语的从句称为方式状语从句。方式状语从句一般在主句中作方式状语的从句称为方式状语从句

24、。方式状语从句一般位于句尾，有时位于句中。位于句尾，有时位于句中。1、方式状语从句通常由、方式状语从句通常由as,(just)asso.,as if,as though 引引导导 Always do to the others as you would be done by.As water is to fish,so air is to man.2、as if,as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句的谓语多用虚拟语气，两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句的谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反；有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现表示与事实相反；有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情

25、况是事实或实现的可能性较大。常译作的可能性较大。常译作“仿佛仿佛似的似的”“好像好像似的似的”，如：，如：He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.3、引导方式状语从句的、引导方式状语从句的as还有还有“按照按照”之意。之意。如：如：I will do it as you tell me我将照你说的做。我将照你说的做。方式状语中要注意的是方式状语中要注意的是as(连词连词)与与 like(介词介词)的区别。的区别。as 作为连词其后接

26、从句，作为连词其后接从句，如：如：Please do it as I did it.而而 like 是介词，其后要接的是宾语是介词，其后要接的是宾语.如：如：Please do it like me.根据根据A句完成句完成B句，使两句意思一致，每空只填一词：句，使两句意思一致，每空只填一词：1.A:Jane is a singer.She is also a dancer.B:Jane is _ _ a singer _ _ a dancer.2.A:We should learn from books and we should learn from teachers.B:We should

27、 learn _ from books _ from teachers.3.A:His mother cant help him with his lessons,and his father cant,either.B:_ his mother _ his father can help him with his lessons.5.A:Men cant live without air and water.B:Men will die without air _ water.课时训练课时训练 not only but alsoboth andNeither noror6.A:If you

28、stand higher,you will see farther.B:Stand higher,_ you will see farther.7.A:If you dont work harder,you will fail in the exam.B:Work harder,_ you wont pass the exam.8.A:How important the meeting is!I cant miss it.B:It is _ _ important meeting _ I cant miss it.9.A:After the mother came back,the boy w

29、ent to bed.B:The boy _ go to bed _ his mother came back.10.A:Therere many rabbits there.They cant kill them all.B:Therere _ many rabbits there _ they cant kill them all.课时训练课时训练andor such a thatdidnt untilso that11.A:When I get there,Ill go to see him at once.B:Ill go to see him _ _ _ I get there.12

30、.A:You may stay at home.You may also go out with us.B:You may _ stay at home _ go out with us.13.A:Mary is the tallest girl in her class.(福州)B:Mary is _ _ any other girl in her class.14.A:Peter draws well.Henry draws well,too.(广西)B:Henry draws _ _ _ Peter.15.A:Mary runs faster than my sister.(兰州)B:M

31、y sister doesnt run _ _ _ Mary does.as soon aseither ortaller than as well asas fast as课时训练课时训练17.A:Lucy has been away from the USA for 5 years.B:Its 5 years _ she _ the USA.18.A:“Does the girl need any help?”he asked me.B:He asked me _ the girl _ some help.20.A:“Nanjing has changed a lot these year

32、s.”“Thats right.”B:“Nanjing has changed a lot these years.”“_ it _.”since left if neededSohas课时训练课时训练7.Mr.John has worked in that small town _ he left Canada in 1998.(山西)A.when B.after C.for D.since9._ Saturday _ Sunday is OK.Ill be free in these two days.A.Either;or B.Neither;nor C.Both;and D.One;t

33、he other10.Please come _ have dinner with us.A.and B.so C.but D.or DAA课时训练课时训练11.He is listening to the music _ washing clothes.(广西A.after B.before C.that D.while12._ there are too many people here,_ we have to find another house.A.Because;so B.Though;but C.Since;/D./;ifDC课时训练课时训练16.Dont drink too m

34、uch tea in the evening,_ you wont fall asleep.(大连)A.and B.so C.or D.but18.Go down the street _ you see the third crossing.(内蒙A.though B.since C.until D.while19.He was _ tired _ he couldnt go on working.(河北)A.too;to B.such;that C.so;that D.too;that20.Youd better take this book.It is very good _ its a

35、 bit expensive.(安徽)A.though B.and C.but D.soCCCA课时训练课时训练25.It is a long time _ we met last time in Shanghai.A.before B.after C.since D.forC课时训练课时训练28.Rose is an English girl,_ she doesnt like English food.A.yet B.so C.for D.and29.There is no air _ water on the moon.A.and B.or C.so D.yet30.Tom laughe

36、d _ the others did,_ he didnt understand the story.A.like;though B.as;though C.like;because D.as;as31.It was _ we went fishing in the open air yesterday.A.such a nice weather B.so nice weather thatC.such nice weather that D.a nice weather so that33.They were reading _ the lights were out.A.as B.when

37、 C.while D.untilABBCB课时训练课时训练课时训练课时训练5.Ill write to you as soon as I_Beijing.A.get to B.arrive C.will get to D.will arrive 7._you hurry up,or we will be late for school.A.If B./C.Unless D.When 8.He saves money_he can buy some birthday presents for his mother.A.so B.so that C.such that D.in order 9.W

38、hy are you late for school?_ I got up late.A.Because B.For C.Since D.As (A)(C)(B)(A)课时训练课时训练11.He asked _ many strange questions that the teacher didnt want to teach him any more.A.so B.such C.too D.very(A).句型转换，将下列各句改为同义句句型转换，将下列各句改为同义句1.Hurry up or youll be late for school._you _hurry up youll be

39、late for school._you hurry up,youll be late for school.2.Ill do my homework when my mother comes back.I_ do my homework _my mothercomes back.3.This question is so hard that no one can answer it.This is_ _ _that no one can answer it.4.Because he was ill,he didnt go to school.He was ill,_he didnt go t

40、o school.5.Though he was tired,he went on working.He was tired,_he went on working.课时训练课时训练 If dont Unless wont until such a hard so but 6.The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it.The ice on the lake was _thick _ _ people_ _ _.7.The girl was too excited to say a word.The girl

41、was _excited _ he couldnt say a word.8.The men was so old that he couldnt climb the hill.The man was _old _climb the hill.9.unless you are brave youll lose your chance._you _ brave,youll lose your chance._brave,_ youll lose your chance.10.The weather is so fine that people can go out for a walk.It i

42、s_ _ _that people can go out for a walk.课时训练课时训练 not enough forto skate on so that too to If arent Be or such fine weather11.Its such a small room that it cant hold too many people.Its _ _ _room that it cant hold too many people.12.He had breakfast before he went to school.He _ _breakfast _he went t

43、o school.13.When he was 12,he started writing his own newspaper._ _ _ _12,he started writing his own newspaper.14.Remember to ring me as soon as you get to Beijing.Make _to give me a ring as soon as you_London.15.He studies most carefully in his class.He studies _carefully than _ _student in his class.课时训练课时训练so small adidnt have until At the age ofsure reach moreany other