专四语法专题讲座二.doc

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1、1. _ at in his way, the situation doesnt seem so desperate.a. lookingb. lookedc. being lookedd. to look2. _ at in this way, the present economic situation doesnt seem so gloomy.a. lookingb. lookedc. being lookedd. to look3. _ enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover mo

2、re in this field.a. givingb. to givec. givend. being given4. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player.a. havingb. givenc. giving d. had5. _, he was chosen and trained a s professional swimmer.a. he was born and raised in a fishing villageb. born and raised in a fishing villagec. that he was bor

3、n and raised in a fishing villaged. in addition to he was born and raised in a village分词用做状语，可以表时间，原因条件方式或伴随情况等1._ 表时间相当于when引导的从句，这类状语通常放在句子的前半部分。Hearing this news, we immediately set off for Beijing.可放在主语后或句尾，放在句尾时表示强调He, finishing his homework, goes to bed.I listened to the music for a while, hav

4、ing written an important letter.如果分句表示的动作紧接着谓语动作之后发生，分词应在放在句尾。She opened the door, greeting her guests.He sat down, listening to their talk.如果分词表示的动作先发生，谓语动词动作紧接着发生，分词短语应放在句首，不能放在句尾。They stopped talking, hearing a strange sound.Hearing a strange sound, they stopped talking.注意：介词 on/in +现在分词也是常用的时间表示

5、法，有些细微的差别。 On+ 现在分词 as soon as 强调瞬间的动作， in +现在分词 强调的是连续的缓慢的动作。On entering the room, he found the woman lying dead on the floor.In doing the work, she met a lot of difficulties.2.) 表原因。相当于if ,since , because 引导的从句being a layman in matters of mathematics, I would like to study them.Trusting as he did

6、Jack, Bob lent the money to himThe doctor, not wanting to make the patient nervous, did not explain the seriousness of his illness.3). 表方式或伴随，不可以用状语从句替换，但可以改写成并列句 Bleeding and fainting, the woman lay by the road.She walked down the hill, singing softly to herself.4.) 表条件，相当与 if unless 等引导的从句United w

7、e stand, divided we fall.6. )表结果，相当与so that引导 的从句She turned off the lamp, seeing nothing.The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished.7.) 表让步，相当与 though, even if 等引导的从句Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.Granting her honesty, we still cant employ her,.Kneeling and

8、 shutting his eyes, he prayed to the Goddess.2. 现在分词的完成时态 having +beena. 过去的过去b. 持续一个时间段their luggage, the group of tourists hurried to the airport.a. packedb. after packedc. finished packingd. having packedHaving finished his task, he arrived back two days later.Having been married sixty years, the

9、y still love each other passionately.Having found the cause, they were then able to find a solution,Having worked on this for many years, he was considered to be an expert of this field.1） he noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder _ out and thr

10、ee men climbing down it.a. throwingb. being thrownc. having thrownd. having been thrown2） Mr. Brown had the report _ as soon as he finished _ it.a. to be typed, to writeb. typed, to writec. being typed, writingd. typed, writing3. 分词做宾语补足语分词一般在两类动词后做宾语补足语：感觉、感官动词和使役、致使动词。 A感觉、感官动词后的分词宾补这类动词有： see obs

11、erve notice watch hear smell , feel sound findHe went again to watch the soldiers drilling.Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the widow,.She smelt something burning.He felt a great load taken off this mind.I found the country greatly changed.B使役、致使等动词后的分词宾补这类动词:有 catch set, have make get s

12、tart leave keep +宾语+宾语补足语The joke set us all laughing,He still could not make himself understood in English.She set the ball flying.注意：在 see hear watch observe notice smell taste feel get hear watch notice see get keep feel 等动词后不定式构成复合宾语与用分词构成符合宾语的区别 I saw him knock the door. 全过程I saw him knocking t

13、he door. 当时正在进行或发生的动作C做宾补足语的分词前可加 asHe quoted Lu Xun _saying that.a. tob. asc byd.*She described the picture as expressing the dream of mankind.D做宾补足语的分词如果表示正在发生的被动动作，前面要加 beingHe saw the wounded woman being carried into the hospital.She found herself being followed by a wolf.E分词做宾补的几种特殊情况或意义。 (make

14、, set , as)a. make 后跟分词短语做宾语补足语时只能用过去分词，不能用现在分词。She couldnt make herself believed.The writer made herself known by the novel.b. set后的宾语补足语通常是现在分词，不用过去分词。She set the clock going.His words set me thinking deeply.c. 下面被动结构后， as引导的分词短语应视为主语补足语。The accident was reported as having been caused by carelessn

15、ess.He was praised as being most responsible.一些表示使动的动词后面如如 have get 等动词+宾语+过去分词表示由别人来做某事。I want to have my hair cut.Shell get her car repaired this afternoon.4. 做状语的分词短语前的连词If not _ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.a. being treatedb. treated

16、c. be treatedd. having been treatedA.分词短语做状语时， 有时前面可以用一个连词，表示强调，或出于表达需要When while after before if though whetheror, unless as ifAfter taking the medicine, he felt better.The soldier walked very slowly as if having been wounded.B如果这些连词后的分词是 being 或含有 being 则 being 常常省略While(being) at school, she bega

17、n to write the novel.Though (being)in his room, he still felt unsafe.注意： 分词 being+形容词、名词、介词，表示时间、原因、伴随时，可以放在主语前，主语后，也可以放在句尾。这种用法的 being常常可以省略。(Being) a man of few words, John is most kind-hearted.Jack, (being in a bad mood), did nothing yesterday.The girl kept away from the dog, (being) very timid.W

18、hen being alone, she always thinks of the past.Whether waking or sleeping, she was not at ease.As if being frightened, the horse began to run like mad.5现在分词的否定结构 not +ving not +having been06There are only ten apples left in the baskets, _ the spoilt ones.a. not countingb. not to countc. dont countd.

19、 having not counted98 _, he can now only watch it on TV at home.a. obtaining not a ticket for the matchb. not obtaining a ticket for the matchc. not having obtained a ticket for the matchd. not obtained a ticket for the match94 _ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at fi

20、rst.a. not receivedb. since receivec. having receivedd. not having received6现在分词的被动式 being +ved having been +ved96 He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _ insufficiently popular with all members.a. having consideredb. was consideredc. was being consideredd. being consideredThe q

21、uestions being discussed are of great importance.He told us to keep a secret of the things being discussed.Having been warned about typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.Having been given such a good chance, she wanted to try her best to win the contest.In those days they often went t

22、o the wharf to watch the ships being loaded and unloaded.7 分词的逻辑主语Arriving at the bus stop, _ waiting there.a. a lot of people wereb. he found a lot of peoplec. a lot of peopled. people were foundSeen from the hilltop, the valley looked like a wonderland.Turning around, we saw an old woman walking t

23、owards the river.分词做状语时，在少数情况下，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，分词用来修饰全句，表达了说话人的看法，语法上称之为评述性状语。Judging from appearance, he seems to be a strong man.Generally speaking, this novel is not very inspiring.Broadly speaking, strictly speaking, comparatively speaking, considering, frankly speaking roughly speaking, honestly

24、 speaking, biologically speaking regarding the plan, barring accidents, granting that, calculating strictly, taking all things into consideration regarding , concerning respecting touching including counting learning wanting failing， pending notwithstanding excepting 常见的单个的现在分词，已经具备了介词的功效according t

25、o, judging from, talking of, allowing for, owing to, getting back to, not excepting, leaving on one side, viewing it from this point, 常见的分词短语相当于一个介词短语特别提醒：牢记以下有两种不同形式的过去分词以及他们各自的用法born: born, borne, light: lit lighted, got gotten, shrink: shrunk shrunken hang: hung hanged strike: struck stricken rot

26、: rotted rotten sink: sunk sunkenstricken area很多的过去分词漫漫地具备了形容词的功效his cheeks have sunk in.he was sunk in thought.The old man has sunken cheeks.分词做表语，现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词 翻译成： 令人 怎么 怎么样The food smells inviting.The theory sounds quite convincing.He felt rather let down by their indiffere

27、nce.Never touch an electric wire when it is broken.垂悬结构:To write well, a lot of practice is needed.To write well, one needs a lot of parTo be a loyal employee a sense of belonging is a must.To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.After

28、 putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.Climbing up the hill, we saw several boars.When we climbed up the hill, several boars were seen. walki

29、ng along the lake, the country scenery presented a lovely show.分词做定语Houseplants requiring constant attention are not suitable for working couples with little spare time.1. come tomorrow and give the application to the man sitting at the desk. Who will be sitting did you see the man talking to the de

30、an? Who was talking 2. the factory making these transistors is a small one run by the neighborhood committee.That makes 3. Is this the book recommended by our teacher?We have to pay duties on goods imported from abroad.1. when we walk along the lake, 2. , we enjoyed a lovely show of the country scen

31、ery.1 Most of the artists _ to the party were from South AfricaA. invitedB. to invitec. being invitedD. had been invited2 There seemed little hope that the explorer, _ in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.a. to be desertedb. having desertedc. to have been desertedd. having been dese

32、rted3 The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.a. having writtenb. to be written c. being writtend. written4 Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.a. payb. payingc. paidd. to pay5 The directors discussed the project that they woul

33、d like to see _ the next year.a. carry outb. carrying outc. carried outd. to carry out6 The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.a. being tiedb. having tiedc. to be tiedd. tied7 The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _.a. hearb. to hearc. hearing d. heard8 W

34、hen I entered the theatre, I saw him _ in the first row.a. sit downb. sat c. seatedd. seating 9 If you have a book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face.a. movingb. movedc. be movedd. to move10 “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice.a. angrily pointingb. and point angri

35、lyc. angrily pointedd. and angrily pointing11 With the boy _ the way, the soldiers managed to walk through the forest.a. to leadb. ledc. leading d. to be leading 12 Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word_.a. speakingb. speakc. spokend. to speak13 The program was so exciti

36、ng that the children kept their eyes _ on the screen.a. fixedb. to fixc. to be fixedd. fixing14 The captain placed the flag over the boy, leaving only his face _.a. uncoverb. uncoveringc. to be uncoveredd. uncovered15 She was very glad to see her child well _.a. take care ofb. taken care ofc. to tak

37、e care ofd. taking care ofa d d c c d d c a a c c a d b 1. but the Swiss discovered long years ago that constant warefare brought them _ suffering and poverty.a. anything butb. nothing butc. none other thand. no more than2. the chairman promised to keep you _ of how our business was going on.a. to b

38、e informedb. informedc. on informingd. informing3. Sharon was supposed to be here at nine oclock. She _ about our meeting.a. would have forgottenb. should have forgottenc. ought to have forgottend. must have forgotten4. I wont pay $20 for that sweater; its not worth _.a. all that muchb. that much al

39、lc. that all muchd. much all that5. bit by bit, a child meks the necessary changes to make his language _.a. as other peopleb. as other peoples c. like other peopled. like other people6. if I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraints as if I were the one _.a. to corre

40、ctb. correctingc. having correctedd. being corrected7. _ me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.a. that amazedb. it amazedc. which amazedd. what amazed8. its essential that all those figures _ twice.a. checkb. are checkedc. checkedd. be

41、checked9. it has been proposed that we _ our decision until the next meeting.a. delayedb. delayc. can delayd. are to delay10. clothing made of plastic fibers has certain advantages over _ made of fibers like cotton, wool, or silk.a. oneb. the onec. that d. what11. johns score on the test is the high

42、est in the class; he _ last night.a. must studyb. should have studiedc. must have studiedd. is sure to study12. when Amy fell off the bike, the other children _.a. were not able to help laughterb. could not help but laughingc. could not help laughingd. could not help to laughing13. life is a candle

43、_ to burn ever brighter.a. being meantb. meaning c. to meand. meant14. the resistance _ very high now, the current in the circuit will be weak.a. is b. will bec. is beingd. being15. carol forgot to bring her admission card with her, _, she was allowed into the hall to take the examination.a. moreoverb. certainlyc. consequentlyd. nevertheless