2019年职称英语理工B真题及答案(完整版)18663.pdf

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1、2019 年职称英语理工 B 真题及答案(完整版)职称英语理工 B 真题及答案（完整版）第 1 部分：词汇选项（第 115 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分）下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意义最为接近的选项。1.The majority of people around here are decent.A.real B.honest C.normal D.wealthy 2.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.A.hidden B.traditional C.inflexible D.officia

2、l 3.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A.furnish B.copy C.publish D.summarize 4.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let down.A.excitement B.disappointment C.anger D.calm 5.Several windows had been smashed.A.cleaned B.replaced C.fixed D.broken 6.The worst agonies o

3、f the war were now beginning.A.pains B.parts C.aspects D.results 7.London quickly became a flourishing port.A.major B.large C.successful D.commercial 2019 年职称英语理工 B 真题及答案(完整版)8.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A.homework B.justice C.model D.act 9.He led a very moral life.A.human

4、B.intelligent C.natural D.honorable 10.His stomach felt hollow with fear.A.sincere B.respectful C.empty D.terrible 11.It was a magic night until the spell was broken.A.time B.charm C.space D.opportunity 12.His professional career spanned 16 years.A.started B.changed C.moved D.lasted 13.They are tryi

5、ng to identify what is wrong with the present system.A.discover B.prove C.consider D.imagine 14.His knowledge of French is fair.A.very useful B.very limited C.quite good D.rather special 15.The group does not advocate the use of violence.A.limit B.regulate C.oppose D.support 第 2 部分：阅读判断（第 1622 题，每题

6、1 分，共 7 分）So Many“Earths”2019 年职称英语理工 B 真题及答案(完整版)The Milky Way contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life thats the finding of a new study.It draws on date that came from NASAs top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of se

7、rvice.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study publ

8、ished in The Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earths,but no more than

9、twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a stars habitable zone.Thats where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbit

10、ing them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as 2019 年职称英语理工 B 真题及答案(完整版)Venus and running to

11、 as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike(although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 Sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly

12、orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesnt sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a change for life.16.The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 17.The main task

13、of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earths.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 18.The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 19.The Earth is planet orbiting in the Suns habitable zone.A.Right B.W

14、rong C.Not mentioned 20.The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars in the Milky Way.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 2019 年职称英语理工 B 真题及答案(完整版)21.The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 22.This is the first r

15、esearch finding about the planets with a chance for life.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 第 3 部分：概括大意和完成句子（第 2330 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分）下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：（1）第 23 26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为指定段落每段选择 1 个小标题；（2）第 27 30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。Climate Change:The Long Reach 1 Earth is warming.Sea levels are rising.Ther

16、es more carbon in the air,and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history.Scientists who study the environment to better gauge(评估)Earths future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time.2 People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy.That

17、 burning releases carbon dioxide,a colorless gas.In the air,this gas traps heat at Earths surface.And the more carbon dioxide released,the more the planet warms.If current consumption of fossil fuels doesnt slow,the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years and be more severe than scie

18、ntists had been expecting.Climatologist Richard Zeebe 2019 年职称英语理工 B 真题及答案(完整版)of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.3 Most climate-change studies look at whats going to happen in the next century or so.During that time,changes in the planets environment could nu

19、dge(推动)global warming even higher.For example:Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space.But as these melt,sunlight can now reach and warm the exposed ground.This extra heat raises the air temperature even more,causing even more snow to melt.This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a“

20、fast feedback.”.4 Zeebe says its important to look at fast feedbacks.However,he adds,theyre limited.From a climate change perspective.This century is the most important time for the next few generations,”he told Science News.“But the world is not ending in 2100.”For his new study,Zeebe now focuses o

21、n“slow feedbacks”.While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries,slow feedbacks can take thousands of years.Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life as they relocate to more comfortable areas are two examples of slow feedbacks.5 Zeebe gathered information from p

22、reviously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate.Then he came up with a 2019 年职称英语理工 B 真题及答案(完整版)forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes.Climate forecasts that use only fast

23、 feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius(8.1 degree Fahrenheit)change by the year 3000.But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 C for a 6 total increase,Zeebe reports.He also found that stow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels t

24、o burn.23.Paragraph 2 _A_ 24.Paragraph 3 _D_ 25.Paragraph 4 _B_ 26.Paragraph 5 _C_ A.Impact of burning fossil fuels B.Slow feedbacks C.A prediction of future climate change D.Fast feedbacks E.Rising of sea levels F.Unpredictability of feedback processes 27.Arctic ice has never been melting so fast i

25、n _B_.28.Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach _E_.29.Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing _F_.30.After fossil fuels are used up,global warming will continue for _A_.A.a very long time 2019 年职称英语理工 B 真题及答案(完整版)B.recorded history C.rapid exaggeration of impacts D.

26、the extra heat E.the exposed ground F.previously published studies 第 4 部分：阅读理解（第 3145 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分）下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。第一篇 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences (本次考试理工 A 阅读其中一篇)It bays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician

27、,but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intel

28、ligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers or

29、pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and 2019 年职称英语理工 B 真题及答案(完整版)written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brain of intelligence people use less energy during p

30、roblem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Ed

31、ucation,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldnt be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesnt think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He think that the human mind has differe

32、nt intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his th

33、eory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the Brain is injured,other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of 2019 年职称英语理工 B 真题及答案(完整版)intelligence

34、;linguistic,mathematical,spatial,musical,Interpersonal,intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic.31.What is the main idea of this passage?A.How to understand intelligence.B.The importance of intelligence.C.The development of intelligence tests.D.How to become intelligent.32.Which of the

35、 following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A.Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.B.People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.C.Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.D.Intelligent people do better on written tests th

36、an on oral tests.33.Gardner believes that _.A.children have different intelligences.B.all children are alike.C.children should take one intelligence test.D.there is no general intelligence.34.According to Gardner,schools should _.A.test students IQs.B.train students who do poorly on tests.2019 年职称英语

37、理工 B 真题及答案(完整版)C.focus on finding the most intelligent students.D.promote development of all intelligences.35.Gardner thinks that his theory has a _.A.musical foundation.B.biological foundation.C.intrapersonal foundation.D.linguistic foundation.第二篇 The Mir Space Station The Russian Mir Space Station

38、,which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight,is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history.It can be credited with many firsts in space.During Mirs lifetime,Russia spent about US$4.2 billion to b uild and maintain

39、 the station.The Soviet Union launched Mir,which was designed to last from three to five years,on February 20,1986,and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months,most of whom were not Russian.In fact,it became the first international space station by playing host to 62 people from 11 count

40、ries.From 1995 through 1998,seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each.They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine 2019 年职称英语理工 B 真题及答案(完整版)stopovers by space shuttles.The more than 400 million the United States provided Russia

41、n for the visits not only kept Mir operating,but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.A debate continues over Mirs contributions to science.During its existence,Mir was the laboratory for

42、23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment,estimated to be worth$80 million,from many nations.Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings,from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space.But for those favouring human sp

43、ace exploration,Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars.The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995.And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space s

44、tation.The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid,who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished,1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir.In 1997,an oxygen generator caught fire.Later,the main computer system broke down,causing the station to drift several times

45、 and there were power failures.Most of these problems were repaired,with American help and 2019 年职称英语理工 B 真题及答案(完整版)suppliers,but Mirs reputation as a space station was ruined.Mirs setbacks are nothing,though,when we compare them with its accomplishments.Mir was a tremendous success,which will be re

46、membered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible.But its time to move on to the next generation.The International Space Station being built will be better,but it owes a great debt to Mir.(出处：2014 年职称英语教材理工类概括大意与完成句子 第八篇 T

47、he Mir Space Station)36.We can learn from the passage that the Mir Space Station A.was designed to last over 5 years.B.played host to 7 astronauts from different countries.C.was visited only by Americans.D.was built by Russians.37.One of the contributions Mir makes to science is that it A.help astro

48、nauts get close to Mars.B.enables scientists to develop new scientific equipment.C.sets a record of the longest single human stay in space.D.shows that multinational operations in space are less expensive.38.What happened to Mir in 1997?A.it ran out its fund.B.it was completely damaged by fire.2019

49、年职称英语理工 B 真题及答案(完整版)C.its reputation was ruined due to power failures.D.its main computer system broke out.39.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that A.space exploration will not experience setbacks.B.it is difficult for other space stations exceed Mirs success.C.Mir is the best long-term hu

50、man habitation in space in history.D.multinational space operation are getting more accomplishments.40.What is the authors attitude toward Mir?A.indifferent.B.ironic.C.favorable.D.negative 第三篇 Eye-tracker Lets You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance Bored of using a mouse?Soon youll be able to change