医学英语词根词缀大全45387.pdf

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1、医学英语词根词缀 Suffix Meaning Example-ac pertaining to 属于，关于 cardiac:pertaining to the heart 心脏（病）的-al pertaining to medical:pertaining to medicine-ar pertaining to molecular:pertaining to a molecule 分子的-ary pertaining to belonging to ciliary:pertaining to the cilia 睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的-ase enzyme 酶 amylase:any en

2、zyme that converts starch to sugar 淀粉酶-cle smallness 小,少,贫乏,小气 follicle:a small bodily cavity or sac 小囊,(头发的)毛囊-e an instrument 仪器 auriscope:an instrument for examining the ear(检查耳朵用的)耳镜-eal pertaining to laryngeal:pertaining to the larynx 喉的,喉音的-ia condition;quality phobia:abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕-ic pe

3、rtaining to toxic:pertaining to toxin 有毒的；因中毒引起的-ics study of;name of a science paediatrics:study of children,their development and diseases 儿科学-ine/in substance 物质 insulin：substance(hormone)produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas 胰岛素-ism process or condition alcoholism:excessive drinki

4、ng of alcohol which becomes addictive 酒精中毒-ist one who specializes in 精通于的人 pharmacologist:a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家-itis inflammation refers to a part in 部位的炎症 rhinitis:inflammation of the nasal passages 鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎-(i)um relation to a whole;related to 与相关 endometrium:inner li

5、ning of the uter子宫内膜-ive characterizes by antitussive:a drug that suppresses coughing 止咳药-let tiny;small droplet:a tiny drop 小滴-ment the result or product of an development:thing which develops or is being developed;action of becoming action mature-oid resembling;like 像 mucoid:resembling mucus 粘液样的-

6、ole little;small centriole:the small dense structure in the middle of the centrosome 细胞中心粒；中心体-oma tumor;swelling refers to a doer dermatofibroma:fibrous tumor of the skin 皮肤纤维瘤-or/-er either a person or thing receptor:a sensory nerve ending that responds to various stimuli 感受器，受体-ory characterized

7、by;pertaining to suspensory:which is hanging down 悬吊式，悬带-ose sugar fructose:fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖-osis abnormal condition onychocryptosis:abnormal condition of a hidden nail 嵌甲-ous pertaining to poisonous:pertaining to poison;also containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的-somes bodies ribo

8、some:the body of nucleic acid核糖体-um structure;thing;substance magnesium:a white metallic chemical 结构，物质 substance 镁（金属元素）-y condition;act;process dystrophy:disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 营养不良 The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixes Suffix Meaning Exa

9、mple-algia pain;painful;condition arthralgia:pain in a joint 关节痛-ase enzyme protease:digestive enzyme 蛋白酶-blast embryo 胚，胚胎，人类胚胎 hemocytoblast:blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞-carcinoma malignant tumor developing from connective tissue 相关组织的恶性肿瘤 adenocarcinoma:malignant tumor developing from glandular tissue 腺

10、癌-cele protrusion;distention 突出；膨胀，延伸 esophagocele:abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出-centesis surgical puncture 手术穿孔 paracentesis:surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of fluid 穿刺术-capnia carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 acapnia:absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏-cide kill germicide:(substance

11、)which can kill germs 杀菌剂-clast cell phagocyte:cell,especially a white blood cell,which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞-dynia pain glossodynia:pain in the tongue 舌痛-ectasia/-ectasis expansion;dilation(膨胀，扩张)atelectasis:incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不张-ectomy surgical excision

12、 or removal of gastrectomy:surgical removal of the stomach 胃切除术-edema excessive accumulation of serous fluid 水肿 myxoedema:condition caused when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿-emia blood condition leukemia:any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal numbe

13、r of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病-emesis vomiting 呕吐 hematemesis:the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血-gen something that produced or prouduces pathogen:a microorganism or agent capable of producing disease 病菌，病原体-genesis production 生产 spermatogenesis:formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes

14、 精子发生-globin protein 蛋白质 hemoglobin:an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes 血红素-gnosis knowledge diagnosis:the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examination-gram image;picture electrocardiogram:a graphic record of the electrical activity of

15、heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease.Abbr.ECG and EKG.Syn.cardiogram 心电图-graph(y)process of recording 记录过程 electocardiography:the process of making or recording electrocardiograms.Syn.cardiography 心电图记录-iasis condition;state 情况，状况 cholelithiasis:the formation of gallstone

16、s 胆石症-iatry/-iatrics healing,frequently refers to a branch of medicine 康复，常指医学的一个分支 podiatry:treatment of foot disorders 足部医疗-lith stone cholelith:a gallstone;a stone formed in the gallbladder 胆结石-logy the study of cytology:the science study of cells 细胞学-logist one who studies and treats urologist:a

17、 physician who specializes in the practice of urology 泌尿科医生-lysis breakdown,destruction hemolysis:the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin 溶血-malacia softening osteomalacia:softening of bone 骨软化-mania extreme compulsion or preoccupation 强迫症 kleptomania:a morbid,unco

18、ntrollable compulsion to steal 盗窃癖-megaly giant acromegaly:a condition in which there is an enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of the lungs 肢端肥大症-metry/-meter measurement spirometry:measurement of the volume of air inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the lungs 肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法

19、)-odynia pain cardiodynia:pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛 -one hormone 荷尔蒙，激素 parathormone:which regulates calcium balance among the blood,bones,and teeth 甲状旁腺激素-opia a defect in the eye眼睛的毛病 myopia:being short-sighted 近视-opsy to view biopsy:excision of live tissue for microscopic diagnosis活检-osis mo

20、rbid condition病态的 sclerosis:abnormal hardening 硬化症-osmia smell anosmia:loss of the sense of smell嗅觉丧失-ostomy process of making an opening into or a connection between 造瘘 gastrostomy:surgical construction of an opening from the surface of the abdomen into the stomach 胃造口术-oxia level of oxygen 氧水平 hyp

21、oxia:a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in body tissues 组织缺氧-pathy disease;diseased condition ophthalmopathy:any eye disease眼病-penia deficiency leukopenia:deficiency of leukocytes in the blood.Syn.leukocytopenia 白细胞减少症-pepsia digestion eupepsia:good digestion 消化良好-pexy a fixing or setting firmly

22、 in place by suturing 缝合固定 hepatopexy:surgical fixation of a displace liver肝固定术-phagia/phagy eating;swallowing 吃，吞咽 dysphagia:difficulty in swallowing吞咽困难-phil attraction吸引，具有吸引力的事物 basophil:type of leucocyte or white blood cell which contains granules嗜碱性粒细胞-phobia fear xenophobia:irrational fear of

23、 strangers 对外国人的恐惧，憎恶-plasia formation;development hyperplasia:overdevelopment or enlargement of an organ or tissue 增生，数量型肥大-phonia voice dysphonia:difficulty in speaking 发声困难-plasm formation;growth or substance of formation cytoplasm:jelly substance in the cell细胞浆-plasty surgical repair osteoplasty

24、:surgical repair of the bone 骨整形术，骨成形术-plegia stroke;paralysis 中风 thermoplegia:heat or sunsrtoke热射病-pnea breathing eupnea:normal breathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸-ptosis a falling,the dropping or sagging of an organ 器官下移 hepatoptosis:abnormally low position of the liver 肝下垂-ptysis spitting 分散 melanoptysis:spitting

25、 of the spleen黑色痰液;咳黑痰-poiesis production hemopoiesis:production of blood cells 造血作用，生血作用-rrhage/-rrhagia bursting forth of blood 出血 menorrhagia:very heavy bleeding during menstruation 月经过多-rrhaphy surgical sewing or suturing splenorrhaphy:suture of the spleen脾修补术-rrhea overflow hydrorrhea:watery di

26、scharge液溢-(o)rrhexis splitting or rupture 撕裂，破裂，疝气 amniorrhexis:rupture of the amniotic ac 羊膜破裂-sarcoma malignant tumor developing from connective tissue liposarcoma:malignant tumor containing fat 脂肪肉瘤-schesis a holding back;suppression of discharge 阻碍；抑制排放 uroschesis:suppression of urine 闭尿，尿潴留-scl

27、erosis a hardening dermatosclerosis:hardening of the skin 硬皮病-scope instrument for viewing stethoscope:an instrument for performing medicate ausculation 听诊器-scopy process of examining visually hepatoscopy:examination of the liver 肝检查-spasm involuntary contraction angiospasm:sudden contraction of the

28、 muscles in a blood vessel 血管痉挛-stasis suppression;stoppage;control;arrest 抑制，中止 hemostasis:the arrest of bleeding 止血，止血法-stenosis abnormal narrowing of a duct or canal 管、道德异常狭窄 laryngostenosis:abnormal narrowing of the larynx 喉狭窄-stomy surgical opening to the outside of the body 造口 colostomy:surgic

29、al operation to make an opening from the colon 结肠造口术-tention pressure hypertention:high blood pressure 高血压-therapy treatment physiotherapy:treatment of disease by physical means物理疗法-tion process hospitalization:the process of being hosipitalized 住院-tocia labor;birth 生产 embryotocia:abortion 流产-tome t

30、ool for incision arthrotome:instrument for cutting a joint 关节刀-tomy process of cutting into gastrotomy:incision of the stomach 胃切开术-tropia turning 转弯，变向 esotropia:turning inward of the eye内斜视-trophy nourishment or development of an organ 器官的营养、发育 dystrophy:disorder caused by defective nutrition or m

31、etabolism营养不良-uria a condition of the urine（小便）dysuria:difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难-version turning eversion:a turning outward 外翻，翻转 Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixes Prefix Meaning Example a-/an-without;not aphasia:the inability to understand written or spoken words or to spea

32、k meaningfully失语症 ab-away from abortion:expulsion from the uterus流产 ad-to;toward;near adnasal:near the nose 近鼻的 acro-a point or tip acronyx:growing into the flesh 嵌甲 alb-white albino:a person lacking normal pigmentation 白发病者 amb-/ambi-both ambisexual、bisexual:(person)who is sexually attracted to bot

33、h males and famales 双性恋 amphi-/ampho-both;both sides amphicentric:beginning and ending in the same vessel 起止同源的血管 ana-up;back again anabolism:process of building up complex chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones 合成代谢 Angio-a blood vessel angioma:benign tumor formed of blood vessel 血管瘤 ante

34、-before antenatal:during the period between conception and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的 anti-against antidepressant:(drug)used to treat depression 抗抑郁剂 audi-hearing;sound audiometry:science of testing hearing 听力测定 auto-self autoantibody:antibody formed to attack the bodys own cells 自身抗体 bi-two;twice bicellu

35、lar:two cells 两室的 bio-living organisms 生命体 biochemistry:chemistry living tissues 生物化学 brady-slow bradycardia:slow rate of heart contraction,shown by a slow pulse rate 心动过缓 carcin-carcinoma or cancer 癌；瘤 carcinogen:a cancer-causing substance 致癌物 cata-downwards;under;against;along with cataract:condit

36、ion where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque 白内障 centi-one hundredth 百分之一 centimeter:unit of measurement of length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米 co(n)-with or together consanguineous:blood relationship血亲的，血缘的，密切的 contra-against contraception:prevention of pregnancy by using devices

37、 or drugs 避孕法，节育法 de-removal or loss decaffeinated:(coffee)with the caffeine removed 脱去咖啡因的 deca-ten decagram:ten grams 十克 deci-tenth deciliter:unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10公升 di-two diglossia:a double tongue 使用两种语言 dia-through;between;apart;across diathermy:process of(tr

38、eating)through heat 透热疗法 dis-reversal or separate disintegrate:to come to pieces 分解，破裂 dys-bad;difficult;disordered dysarthrosis:deformity or malformation of a joint 关节变形 echo-sound echocardiography:ultrasonography of the heart 心回波描记，超声心动描记术 ect-/ecto-outside or outer ecchondroma:benign tumor on the

39、 surface of cartilage or bone 外生软骨瘤 en-in;within enostosis:benign growth inside a bone内生骨疣 endo-inside endocardium:membrane which lines the heart 心内膜 epi-on;over epidermis:outer layer of skin 表皮 ery-red erythrocyte:mature non-nucleated red blood cell 红细胞 eso-inward;within(向内)esotropia:turning inward

40、 of the eye内斜视 eu-good eugenics:study of how to improve the human race by genetic selection优生学 ex-/exo-out of exhale:to breath out 呼出 extra-outside extracapsular:outside a capsule 囊外的 hemi-half hemiplegia:severe paralysis affecting one side of the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂 hydro-water hydrocele:collection o

41、f watery liquid found in a cavity such as the scrotum 阴囊积水 hyper-higher or too much hyperglycaemia:excess of glucose in the blood 高血糖症 hypo-less or too little hypokalaemia:deficiency of potassium in the blood 低血钾 in-in or into inbreeding:breeding between a closely related male and female 近亲交配 in-not

42、 incoherent:not able to speak in a way which makes sense 语无伦次 infra-below or beneath infrapatellar:below or beneath the patella髌 inter-between interlobular:between lobules小叶间的 intra-inside intramedullary:inside the bone marrow or spinal cord 髓内 itro-into introvert:person who thinks only about himsel

43、f and his own mental state性格内向的人 mal-bad or abnormal malfunction:abnormal working of an argan 机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障 meta-changes metaplasia:change of one tissue to another 化生，转化，组织变形 micro-very small microcyte:abnormally small red blood cell 小红细胞 mid-middle midcarpal:between the two rows of carpal bones 腕

44、骨间的 milli-one thousandth milligram:unit of measurement of weight 毫克 mis-error or wrong miscarriage:spontaneous abortion 流产 multi-many multigravida:a woman who is pregnant and has been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇 noct-at night nocturia:passing abnormally large quantity of urine when asleep in

45、 bed at night 夜尿症 nona-nine or the nineth nonagon:flat shape which has nine sides 九边形 octa-eight octan:every eight days 八日热；每隔八日发一次的 odont-teeth odontology:study of teeth and associated structures,and their disorders onco-tumours oncology:scientific study of new gowths 肿瘤学 oro-mouth orolingual:perta

46、ining to the mouth and tongue口与舌的 pachy-thickening pachysomia:condition where soft tissues of the body become abnormally thick 躯体肥厚 pali-/palin-against;pathologic repetition 病态的重复 palindromic:(disease)which recurs 复发的，再发的 pan-/pant-/panto-all pancytopenia:abnormal depression of all the cellular elem

47、ents of the blodd全血细胞减少症 para-similar to or near;changed or beyond paralyse or paralyze:to weaken(muscles)so that they cannot function使麻痹，使瘫痪 pen-/penta-five pentosuria:excretion of pentoses in the urine 戊糖尿 per-through percutaneous:done or administered through the skin 经皮的，由皮的 peri-around pericysti

48、tis:inflammation of tissue around the bladder 膀胱周炎 pero-deformed or defective 畸形peromelia:congenital deformity of 有缺陷的 the limbs 四肢不全 pharmaco-drugs pharmacology:study of drugs or medicines,and their action,properties and characteristics 药理学，药物学 pleo-/pleio-too many pleokaryocyte:condition where a g

49、reater than normal number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid 多核细胞 pluri-more pluriglandular:pertaining to or affecting several glands多线性的 pneum-/pneunmo-air or the lungs;breathing pneumonia:inflammation of a lung 肺炎 poly-touching many organs polyphagia:condition where a patient eats too much;morbid des

50、ire for every king of food 多食症，杂食症 post-after or later postprandial:after a meal 餐后的 pre-before of in front of premature:early or before the normal time 过早的，早产 presby-old age presbyopia:an old persons sight fails gradually 老花眼 pro-/supin-/pron-before or in front of lying on the back bend forward pro