四级听力短文理解11大敏感设题题眼12978.pdf

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1、 学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文教育 短文理解巅峰讲座 四级听力短文理解共 3 篇，每篇短文的长度大约在 200 到 250 词之间，后设 3-4 题，3 篇共10 题。问题全部是特殊疑问句，要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。Lecture 1 第一讲 11 大敏感设题题眼 短文理解篇幅较长，而且问题是在整篇短文读完之后提出，因此考生只有熟悉短文理解常见的设题题眼，才能锁定听音重点，抓住关键信息。一、短文首尾处 短文的开头是重要的设题处，经常考查考生对短文主旨或重要细节的把握。短文的主题句一般都出现在开头，而且常常是第一道题的答案出处。短文的结尾往往对整篇文章的内容起一个概括和提示的作用，

2、经常会得出结论或是提出某种建议或希望，同样不可忽视。【例 1】（11-6-26）A Its protection is often neglected by children.B It cannot be fully restored once damaged.C There are many false notions about it.D There are various ways to protect it.There are many commonly held beliefs about eye glasses and eyesight that are not proven fa

3、cts.For instance,some people believe that wearing glasses too soon weakens the eyes.But there is no evidence to show that the structure of eyes is changed by wearing glasses at a young age.26.What does the speaker want to tell us about eyesight?27.【解析】主旨题。短文开头提到 There are many commonly held beliefs

4、that are not proven facts（有很多与眼镜和视力有关的普遍看法都没有事实证明），即人们对眼镜和视力有许多错误的认识，故答案为C。【例 2】（08-6-28）A To look for creative ideas of awarding employees.B To explore strategies for lowering production costs.C To seek new approaches to dealing with complaints.D To find effective ways to give employees flexibility

5、.Ive been reading a report issued today called When Work Works,produced jointly by 3 organizations.They set out to find and award the employers who employ the most creative and most effective ways to give their workers flexibility.I found this report worth reading and suggest every boss should read

6、it for ideas.28.Why does the speaker suggest all bosses read the report by the 3 organizations?【解析】细节题。本题的设题题眼在短文的结尾。短文结尾处，说话者提到三家 organizations发表了一份名为“When Work Works”的报告，并且提到这三家 organizations 开始寻找并奖励那些 employers who employ the most creative and most effective ways to give their workers flexibility

7、（利用最具创新力和最有效的方法使他们的员工在时间上具有灵活性）。由此可推知说话者建议所有的老板都去读一下 the report 是因为该份报告中会涉及到 effective ways to give employees flexibility，故答案为D。二、短文中原因、目的处 短文理解中的问题所使用的疑问词中，除了 what 以外，出现最多的就是 why，而用 what提问的题也有很多是考查原因的，可见，因果关系处是短文理解的设题重点之一。因此，当短文中出现 because，since，so，lead to，result from/in，contribute to 等表示因果关系的词或 学英

8、语 找长喜 长喜英语北文教育 短语时，需重点关注。另外，短文中涉及到目的、目标的地方也经常会受到出题人的青睐，这类题目的选项多为动词原形或不定式短语。【例 3】（11-6-30）A They dont want to use up all their life savings.B They fear they will regret it afterwards.C They would like to spend more time with them.D They dont want to see their husbands poorly treated.Social workers di

9、scover that the wife normally tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can in order not to use up their life savings.30.Why are most wives unwilling to put their dependent husbands into nursing homes?【解析】细节题。由选项中的 They，spend more time with them，dont want to，see their husbands poo

10、rly treated 推断，本题可能考查妻子们不让别人照顾、自己照顾丈夫的原因。短文中提到in order not to use up their life savings，故答案为A。【例 4】（07-6-33）A For people to share ideas and show farm products.B For officials to educate the farming community.C For farmers to exchange their daily necessities.D For farmers to celebrate their harvests.

11、The Indiana state fair is one of the largest and oldest state fairs in the United States.It is held every summer.It started in 1852.Its goals were to educate,share ideas and present Indianas best products.33.What were the main goals of the Indiana state fair when it started?【解析】细节题。本题的设题题眼在目的处。文中提到

12、the Indiana state fair 开始于 1852 年，它的目标就是 educate,share ideas and present Indianas best products（教育农民、分享观点以及展示印第安的最好的产品），故答案为A。三、短文中列举或举例处 短文中为说明一个问题，常常会使用列举或进行举例，这些地方是设题的重点,因此当听到 such as,for example,for instance,the first,the second 等一类的词语时，应加以留意。【例 5】(07-6-34)A By bringing an animal rarely seen on

13、nearby farms.B By bringing a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket.C By offering to do volunteer work at the fair.D By performing a special skill at the entrance.During the early 1930s,officials of the fair ruled that the people could attend by paying with something other than money.For example,farm

14、ers brought a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket.34.How did some farmers gain entrance to the fair in the early 1930s?【解析】细节题。本题的设题题眼在举例处。该例子中提到，农民可以拿 a bag of grain（一袋谷物）来 in exchange for（交换）集市的门票，故答案为B。四、短文中并列、转折、条件处 表示并列、转折、条件等其他逻辑关系的地方也往往是短文理解的出题重点。因此，当短文中出现 as well as,not onlybut also,but,ho

15、wever,if,even if/even though 等表示逻辑关系的连接词的时候，需重点关注。【例 6】(10-6-29)A He used too many quotations.学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文教育 B He was not gender sensitive.C He did not keep on the point.D He spent too much time on details.Later he spoke with one of the senior managers.“Things were going so well until the end,”Ale

16、x said disappointedly.“Obviously,I said the wrong thing.”“Yes,”the district manager replied.“Half of our managers are women.Most have worked their way up from sales representatives,and they are very proud of the role they have played in the companys growth.They dont care a t all about political corr

17、ectness.But they were definitely surprised and distressed to be referred to as he in your speech.”29.Why did Alex fail to receive the warm response he had hoped for?【解析】推断题。本题的设题题眼在转折处。Alex 后来失望地和一位资深经理说结果不像他所想的那样好，他觉得自己可能说错话了，这位经理告诉他他确实说错话了，因为他们的经理中有一半都是女性(Half of our managers are women)，她们对政治并不太关心

18、，但是(but)当她们听到 Alex 在谈话中一直使用“他”时，她们感到非常惊讶和难过(surprised and distressed)，由此可知Alex 没有得到他想要的热烈反应是因为他忽视了经理们的性别(was not gender sensitive)，故答案为B。五、短文中数字信息处 短文中经常会涉及到时间、价格、数量等与数字相关的信息，这些数字以及与这些数字相关的重点信息，也是短文理解的重要设题点。【例 7】（07-6-31）A Twentynine days.B Two and a half months.C Several minutes.D Fourteen hours.He

19、rbert was fighting a house fire Dec.29,1995,when the roof collapsed burying him underneath.After going without air for several minutes,Herbert was unconscious for two and a half months and has undergone therapy ever since.31.How long did Herbert remain unconscious?【解析】细节题。本题的设题题眼在数字信息处。文中提到，在缺氧几分钟后，

20、Herbert 连续 two and a half months（两个半月）处于 unconscious（无意识）状态，由此可知答案为 B。六、短文中比较或对比处 短文中的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，以及 asas,compared with,while,whereas 等引出的比较或对比结构经常是短文理解的设题点。【例 8】(09-12-32)A Job security.B Good labour relations.C Challenging work.D Attractive wages and benefits.It is logical to suppose that thing

21、s like good labour relations,good working conditions,good wages and benefits,and job security motivate workers.But one expert,Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers.They are merely“satisfiers”.Motivators,in contrast,include things such as having a challenging and inte

22、resting job,recognition and responsibility.32.What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg?【解析】细节题。本题的设题题眼在对比处。短文开头指出，一般人都认为良好的劳动关系、学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文教育 工作条件、薪资福利、安全保障是员工们的工作动力，但 Frederick Herzberg 则认为，这些条件不会对员工产生激励，接着通过对比(In contrast)指出，他认为工作动力包括工作本身的挑战性、趣味性以及认可度、责任感等，C是其中之一，故为答案。

23、七、短文中时间状语处 短文中（尤其是人物故事类）经常会叙述什么时间发生了什么事或描述某人、某事在某个时候的状态，这些地方经常成为设题点。因此，当短文中出现 while，when，as 等引导的时间状语从句或是其他时间状语从句时，一定要注意与其相关的细节信息。【例 9】(08-6-33)A Planting some trees in the greenhouse.B Writing a want ad to a local newspaper.C Putting up a Going Out of Business sign.D Helping a customer select some p

24、urchases.Then one morning,as I was hanging up a Going Out of Business sign at the greenhouse,the door opened and in walked a customer.33.What was the speaker doing when the customer walked in one morning?【解析】细节题。本题的设题题眼在时间状语处。文中 as 引导的时间状语从句表明，在一位 customer 走进店内的时候，说话者正在悬挂 Going Out of Business sign（

25、停业牌）。C中的 putting up 为原文中的 hanging up 的同义表达，故为答案。八、短文中定语从句处 短文中的定语从句，尤其是非限制性定语从句经常是短文理解的设题点。定语从句的内容往往就是答案所在或是能为解题提供重要的信息提示。【例 10】（08-12-33）A She was a tailor.B She was an engineer.C She was an educator.D She was a public speaker.Higginbotham,who grew up in Chicago and became an engineer before joinin

26、g NASA,that is the National Air and Space Administration,gives about a dozen speeches a year.33.What did Joan Higginbotham do before joining NASA?【解析】细节题。本题的设题题眼在定语从句处。原文中 who 引导的定语从句提供了Higginbotham 的相关情况：成长于 Chicago，在加入 NASA 之前是 an engineer，由此可知答案为B。九、短文中强调处 强调的地方肯定是短文的重点所在，因此短文中的强调句型、助动词强调以及 actua

27、lly，particularly 等表示强调的副词也是出题的重点之一。【例 11】（08-6-30）A His advanced age.B His childrens efforts.C His improved financial condition.D His second wifes positive influence.Under her influence we became a blended family and a good relationship developed between the 2 families It was because of our other mo

28、ther,daddys second wife，that he became closer to his own children.30.What brought the father closer to his own children?学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文教育 31.【解析】细节题。文中的强调句型 It wasthat 强调的是原因状语，突出表现了说话者的父亲之所以和他自己的孩子更加亲近应归功于她父亲的 second wife 的影响，故答案为 D。十、短文中建议处 Youd better,Why not do?,may as well 等表示建议的句式或短语也常常是短文理解的出题

29、重点。【例 12】(05-6-17)A Looking sideways to see how fast your neighbor eats.B Eating from the outside toward the middle.C Swallowing the pie with water.D Holding the pie in the right position.It is usually better to start at the outside and work toward the middle.This method gives you a goal to focus on

30、.17.What suggestion is offered for eating off the pie quickly?【解析】细节题。本题的设题题眼在建议处。文中提到，吃 pie 时最好是从外朝里吃，由此可知答案为B。It is better to（最好是）用来表达建议。十一、短文中引言处 短文中有时也会涉及对他人话语或别处文字的引用，这些地方也常会受到出题人的青睐。【例 13】(08-12-35)A Whether spacemen carry weapons.B How spacesuits protect spacemen.C How NASA trains its spaceme

31、n.D What spacemen eat and drink.To a high school audience,she might satisfy a curiosity that often arises in her prespeech interviews with students who obviously have seen many science fiction movies.“Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space?”Her answer is“No”.35.What does t

32、he high school audience want to know about space travel?【解析】细节题。本题的设题题眼在引言处。本题直接针对文中一位高中生听众提出的问题Do spacemen carry weapons(宇航员是不是会携带武器以防在太空中遇到危险)设题，比较容易得出答案，即A。即讲即练 Exercise 1 Passage One 1.A The improvement of medical care.B The concept of mass production.C The establishment of technical schools.D T

33、he eighthour work day.2.A To recruit and retain the best mechanics.B To encourage the growth of labor unions.C To explain the new wage policy.D To demonstrate good personal habits.3.A Having the employees work overtime.B Taking advantage of immigrants in frightful ways.学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文教育 C Training sp

34、ecialized and skilled laborers.D Interfering too much in the personal lives of his employees.Passage Two 4.A Australia.B Antarctica.C Africa.D Asia.5.A Most water supplies cant provide enough water.B The agricultural sector is not where most people live.C Major water supplies are not near main water

35、using places.D Many water resources are seriously polluted.6.A Household consumption.B Irrigated agriculture in rural areas.C Electricity generation.D The industry development.7.A Water consumption in the household should be limited.B Water consumption in the agricultural sector is the lowest.C It w

36、ill suffer from lack of food in 2020.D Its wateruse arrangement should be improved.Passage Three 8.A She felt worried.B She felt confident.C She felt nervous.D She felt calm.9.A To help her younger brother to take part in the local Special Olympics.B To tell about her experience as a volunteer at th

37、e local Special Olympics.C To call on people to help the children who suffer from Downs syndrome.D To explain the origins,events and philosophy of the Special Olympics.10.A She spoke clearly,fluently and dynamically.B She forgot to make eye contact with her listeners.C She was distracted and forgot

38、what she wanted to say.D She was so enthusiastic that she used lots of body language.Exercise 2 Passage One 1.A The speech is quite boring and lasts long.B The speech is rather difficult to understand.C They are too tired to concentrate on the speech.D Their mind moves faster than the speakers words

39、.2.A They dont know how to deal with the slow progress of the speech.B They often talk about the content with people around them.C They allow their mind to work faster than the speakers words.D They often pay too much attention to the speakers outlook.3.A He may ask the speaker questions frequently.

40、B He may distract your attention on the speech.C He may shake your previous standpoint.D He may not always be right in comments.Passage Two 4.A They sleep deeply.学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文教育 B They cant hear sounds.C They wake up easily.D They have fast heart beats.5.A They can ensure people a good sleep.B They

41、 are not recommended by doctors.C Their side effect has aroused peoples concern.D They are harmful to peoples mental health.6.A It can make people gain weight.B It can undermine peoples health.C It can lead to indigestion.D It can be harmful to a good sleep.Passage Three 7.A Factors determining nonv

42、erbal behaviour in linguistics.B Different understanding of space in different cultures.C Definition of personal space in crosscultural exchange.D Importance of nonverbal behaviour in human communication.8.A Americans.B Latin Americans.C Arabs.D Japanese.9.A They often make mistakes by accident.B Th

43、ey have difficulty in interpersonal relations.C They often offend others in human communication.D They dont want to invade others personal space.10.A Acceptable.B Reluctant.C Desirable.D Indifferent.【答案与解析】Exercise 1 Passage One【听力原文】Although 1Henry Fords name is closely associated with the concept

44、of mass production,he should receive equal credit for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by todays standards.Safety measures were improved,and the work day was reduced to eight hours,compared with the tenortwelvehour day common at the time.In order to

45、 accommodate the shorter work day,the entire factory was converted from two to three shifts.(the fivedollaraday minimum wage)，实行该制度 In addition,sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted.The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a

46、 technical school to train specialized and skilled laborers.The most widely acclaimed innovation was 2 the fivedollaraday minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions.Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of effici

47、ency and profit sharing.He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced in effect creating a market for the product.In order to qualify for the minimum wage,an employee had to establish a decent home and demonstrate good personal habits,incl

48、uding sobriety,thriftiness,industriousness,and dependability.3 Although some criticism was directed 学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文教育 at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees,there can be no doubt that,at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways,Henr

49、y Ford was helping many people to establish themselves in America.【答案解析】1.What is Henry Fords name closely related to，according to the passage?【解析】选B。细节题。本题的设题题眼在短文开头处。文章第一句就说 Henry Ford 这个名字与“大批量生产”这一概念紧密相连(Henry Fords name is closely associated with the concept of mass production)，由此可知答案为B。2.Whats

50、 the purpose of advocating the fivedollaraweek minimum wage?【解析】选A。细节题。本题的设题题眼在短文的目的处。短文中提到 Henry Ford 最广为称赞的创新就是五美元的最低日工资的制度是为了吸引和挽留最好的工程师(recruit and retain the best mechanics)，和抑制工人组织的壮大(discourage the growth of labor unions)，A为其中之一，故为答案。3.What is Ford criticized for?【解析】选D。细节题。本题的设题题眼在短文结尾处。短文结尾