四级阅读最新摸底测试512882.pdf

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1、 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 1 四级阅读-摸底测试五 TEST 5 摸底测试五 Passage 1 题材字数做题时间 企业战略 895 词 15 分钟 How to Get the Most from Employees You know that the business of business is making money.What you may not realize is how simple that business is.You need two fundamental ingredients a good product that customers want to own

2、，and bright，charismatic（有感召力的）people who will both sell it and，if necessary，defend it.And of the two desired product and competent people good people are，in the long run，more important than good products.You can t expect to produce one popular product after another.You can，however，cover your bets by

3、 staffing your enterprise with superb employees who will continue to reflect the company s strengths even when the products are weak.It is your responsibility to keep those employees performing as well as they can.They won t remain superb without reliable leadership and，in fact，there is a perfect ti

4、me to address this issue.Most successful companies have a defining moment when profits are skyrocketing（飞速增长），and business could not be better.That is precisely the time to look closely at your customer service.That you are earning more money than ever before indicates your product is terrific，but i

5、t doesn t necessarily mean the same about your customer service.It i s the ideal time to examine your reputation and expand the success you are earning from your product to include customer service.Every business wants to be known for its customer service.Although even a slow but steady giant such a

6、s Radio Shack Corporation will often come up with a hot product，it is its customer service that keeps it in business year after year.There are trendier companies selling sexier products，but those products come and go.Radio Shack s ability to sustain itself is attributable to good customer service.Bu

7、t the reality is this:While employees are clearly your company s most valuable resource，they are also some of your most controllable costs.This means that，if necessary，you must reduce those costs.Employee expenses can be restrained by attrition（自然减员）:When people resign or retire，you hire only as man

8、y as are needed.But some economic conditions develop so fast that attrition alone can t address them.At those times，you confront the very unpleasant task:reduction in force（RIF）.One of the reasons that an RIF is so stabbing（刺痛的）is that business，as a whole，no longer views employees as mere workers.A

9、major effort to raise the consciousness of the corporate in recent years has helped business executives regard their employees as“human capital”.This change acknowledges how vital employees are to your organization.Moreover，it makes them less vulnerable to be fired suddenly.It is much harder to hand

10、 a termination letter to a person.The term“human capital”elevates people to the level of capital assets such as equipment and factories.It implies that people deserve as much attention and care as，say，information technology tools.If you neglect your employees and ignore their needs，they will break d

11、own in some way，too，or at least become less efficient.Eventually，this will show up in your 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 2 company s bottom line.In essence，employers and employees need each other to succeed.Three tacit（不言而喻的）rules have evolved around that premise that define the relationships between them:The exchan

12、ge rule means that the company pays a fair market wage in exchange for the employee s sincere work effort.The ethical rule says that both parties behave reasonably and show respect.The environmental rule specifies that companies provide a safe workplace that is free of danger and harassment.Although

13、 these rules are rarely explicitly（明白地）stated either publicly or privately，they are broadly accepted.In the best of cases，if someone disrespects the rules，the employer and employee will analyze the incident together and use it as an opportunity to bring about constructive change.Critical to the succ

14、ess of any organization is that you observe the spirit as well as the letter of the rules.Perhaps the greatest concern lies in how the exchange rule is interpreted and applied.Some employees mistrust any compensation scheme that isn t paid in wages and consider it in violation of the exchange rule.I

15、t helps to rearrange compensation packages to introduce incentives（鼓励）for meeting or exceeding goals.Doing so links an employee s compensation to his work effort and performance.Incentives are believed to motivate workers to focus their attention on strategic objectives.At the same time，they communi

16、cate a sense of urgency to the undertaking and may also reduce costs.During a crisis that threatens to put a company out of business，it isn t uncommon to deviate（违背）from the rules.Emergency measures may require canceling or reducing planned wage and benefit increases，discharging all but essential wo

17、rkers，converting some employees from full time to part time，and outsourcing activities or even whole divisions.While the mission is to improve the company，ignoring the rules is ill advised（没脑筋的）.Doing so imposes unnecessary emotional burdens on an already distressed workforce;this，in turn，threatens

18、cost savings and productivity gains.Thus，to keep employees satisfied and motivated，businesses seek a delicate balance that，on the one hand，gives employees what they want and，on the other，does so without threatening the organization s cost effectiveness.Frank conversations between employers and emplo

19、yees can reveal problems about the job or inadequacies in the workplace that may be obvious only to current employees.Addressing an employee issue may simultaneously eliminate related product，plant，or process issues.1.The two primary elements for a business to make profit are.products and customers

20、B customers and salesmen C products and salesmen D salesmen and managers 2.When is the best time to examine the company s reputation and perfect its customer service?When the business isn t good enough.B When the products are out of fashion.C When profits of the company are increasing fast.D When th

21、e customers complaints are increasing fast.3.The example of the success of Radio Shack Corporation indicates that.the development of a company should be slow and steady B companies should always produce trendy and sexy products C any company cannot avoid its products becoming unfashionable 更多资料 学英语

22、找长喜 3 D good customer service instead of other things can keep a business steady 4.Under what circumstances does an RIF become a task that a company has to confront according to the passage?The company makes a lot of profits and employees ask for promotions.B Attrition only cannot meet with current

23、economic development.C The employees are not competent for the current jobs any more.D The company has to develop new products within a short time.5.According to the passage，an RIF is stabbing partly because.employees are taken as human capital B employees are so vulnerable to be fired suddenly C a

24、company has to hand a termination letter to a person D employees have no guarantee of stability at all 6.That a company pays employees wages for their work follows the rule in employer employee relationship.ethical B value C exchange D equality 7.When someone disrespects the employer employee rules，

25、the best way to solve the problem is that.the one who disrespects the rules takes responsibility B the employer fires the one who disrespects the rules C the two parties analyze the incident together and make a change D the employees leave the current company and find a better one 8.According to the

26、 passage,incentives should be introduced to link the of employees to their effort and performance.9.The author recommends the employers to even when the company must be improved during a crisis.10.A successful business has between employees needs and the business cost effectiveness.Passage 2 题材字数做题时

27、间心理现象 245 词 8 分钟“Against boredom（厌烦）the gods themselves fight in vain.”The saying let us find 11 in these words as we struggle to keep ourselves entertained on the condition of boredom.An academic has set out to prove that boredom far from being a bad thing is a 12 occurring emotion that should not

28、be suppressed.Dr Richard Ralley，a psychology 13 at Edge Hill College in Ormskirk，Lancashire，has begun a study of boredom.He said:“Boredom can be a good thing.In psychology we think of emotion as being 14.Fear，anger and jealousy all serve a purpose but they re painted in a bad light even though they

29、exist for a reason.It s the same with boredom，which also has a bad 15.”“We get 16 because we get sick when we have nothing to do and feel the need to be 17.We feel bad when we re not productive and that s what boredom is 18 with.”“Boredom is something;it s not just 19 off.It can be useful.When there

30、 s nothing reward ing going on we conserve（节省）energy，so that when we want to 20 we can.There s a balance between doing something that s rewarding and doing something that s rewarding but not being happy about doing it.”Boredom is natural.You needn t force yourself to avoid having it.You can control

31、it in a way 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 4 that can get yourself to do something challenging.It is natural，so let s deal with it.A switchingB productiveC nameD functionalE lecturerF comfort G re engage H bored I naturallyJ associatedK constructive L consciously M anxiousN cooperated O turn Passage 3 题材字数做题时间 社会压力 3

32、72 词 9 分钟 When bulimia（贪食症）affects male senior executives,it is related to an attempt to regain a feeling of control in a life that often feels out of control.I ve seen a couple of them in the last year and they feel they have no control in most areas of their life.A lot of it is to do with self ima

33、ge their appearance and their power and their concern about how they are perceived.It s so important fo r them to say the right thing，they can t afford to make a mistake.These guys who get to the top feel this continual high level of stress which makes them feel afraid and as they re look ing over t

34、heir shoulder they see younger people and women coming up behind them.They might turn to drink or drugs，or it can be bulimia.They eat to excess，which is a comfort thing and addictive，then because they re worried about the way they look，they get rid of it to control their weight.I have been practicin

35、g for 30 years，but did not encounter a man with bulimia until five years ago.The condition is ten times more likely to affect women than men and as awareness of it has grown，men have started to report it，I think，though I believe that few senior executives with the condition go to their doctor.These

36、men are reluctant to seek help because they re powerful and their status means they can t admit vulnerability（弱点）.Throwing up isn t something that powerful men do and admitting they need help doesn t support their image either.They think there s a stigma（耻辱）attached to bulimia，a bit like a mental br

37、eakdown，and they don t want that on their file.The process of purging is harmful in itself because it strips the body of minerals and vitamins and leads to hair loss and tooth decay.The secretive nature of the purging and these men s simultaneous（同时发生的）need to convince people around them that they a

38、re physically and mentally healthy，compounds their difficulties，I noticed.They get such comfort from the cycle that they don t want to stop it.Intellectually they know they should，but emotionally they don t want to and it can take a few years to help them.21.According to the author，what leads male s

39、enior executives to bulimia?The life filled with continual high level of stress.B Their attempt to exceed any other.C The worse disease of mental breakdown.D Their addiction to drink or drugs.22.In the author s opinion，why didn t he meet a man with bulimia until he d been a psychologist for 25 years

40、?Men think they can handle it by themselves.B Men are reluctant to speak their illness out.C Men have less probability of suffering bulimia.D Men are afraid of being made fun of.23.Why do male senior executives refuse to see a doctor while suffering bulimia according to 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 5 the passage?Be

41、cause throwing up isn t something a powerful man does.B Because admitting they need help doesn t support their image.C Because they are not powerful at all.D Because they can t show their v ulnerability to spoil their images.24.“The process of purging”refers to.throwing up in order to control weight

42、 B depriving the body of virus C curing the bulimia from the root D stripping the body of minerals and vitamins 25.The word“cycle”in“They get such comfort from the cycle that.”refers to.the process of turning from ignoring their diseases to being aware of them B the process of getting the disease an

43、d curing it in turn C the process of eating to excess and then throwing up from time to time D the process of turning from refusing other s help to going to a doctor Passage 4 题材字数做题时间 和谐社会 329 词 8 分钟 In a democratic society citizens are encouraged to form their own opinions on candidates.The opinio

44、ns held by any population are shaped and controlled by several factors:individual circumstances，the mass media，special interest groups，and opinion leaders.Wealthy people tend to think differently on social issues from poor people.Factory workers probably do not share the same views as white collar w

45、orkers.Women employed outside their homes sometimes have perspectives different from those of fulltime homemakers.In these and other ways individual status shapes one s view of current events.The mass media，especially television，are powerful influences on the way people think and act.Government offi

46、cials realize that the public tends to“follow the headlines”.Whatever is featured in newspapers and magazines and on television attracts enough attention.The mass media have also created larger audiences for government and a wider range of public issues than existed before.Prior to television and th

47、e national editions of newspapers，issues and candidates tended to remain localized.Today s elections are seen as struggles betwee n party leaders and programs.In the United States radio and television have been beneficial to the presidency.Since the days of Franklin D.Roosevelt and his“fireside chat

48、s”，presidents have appealed directly to a national audience over the heads of Congress to advocate their programs.Special groups spend vast money annually trying to influence public opinion.Public utilities，for instance，tried to sway public opinion in favor of nuclear power plants.Opposed to them we

49、re citizens organizations that lobbied（对议员游说）to halt the use of nuclear power.Opinion leaders are usually such prominent public figures as politicians，show business personalities and celebrity athletes.The opinions of these individuals，whether informed and intelligent or not，carry weight with some s

50、egments of the population.Some individuals，such as Nobel Prize winners，are suddenly thrust into public view by the media.By quickly reaching a large audience，their views gain a hearing and are perhaps influential in shaping views on complex issues.26.The factors often influencing people s opinions m