2021中考英语英语语法总复习动词24806.pdf

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1、 2021 中考英语英语语法总复习动词（2021 年-2022 年最新）2 2021 中考英语英语语法总复习动词 一.动词的种类 动词是表示行为或状态的词,按其词义和语法作用可以分为四类:实义动词,联系动词,助动词和情态动词.1.实义动词:表示行为或状态,有完全的词义,能独立作谓语.例如:The students clean their classroom every.He runs as fast as a young horse.We have friends in the island country.从是否能带宾语来看,行为动词分为及物动词 和不及物动词两种.A.及物动词:后面要有宾语

2、意义才完整的动词,叫及物动词.例如:Zhang Haidi sets us a good example.She feeds the baby with cows milk.B.不及物动词:本身意义完整,后面不需要带宾语的动词,叫不及物动词.例如:When the children sang,the old mother listened.What happened when he was out.He fell sick,but recovered quickly.英语里有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,例如:When shall we begin our discussion?The

3、 discussion will begin at eight.2.联系动词:联系动词大都有词汇意义,但不完整,在句子中不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语.英语连系动词有:be(是),look(看起来),seem(似乎是),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来是),feel(觉得),turn(变成);get(变得),become(变成),grow(逐渐变成),等等.3.助动词 助动词本身没有独立的意义,在句子中不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示时态、语态、人称、数和否定、疑问等语法特征。助动词有：shall,will,do,be,have 等。4情态动词（2021 年

4、-2022 年最新）3 情态动词表示说话人对某一行为或状态的态度，本身有一定的意义，但在句子中不能独立作谓语动词，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。其肯定、否定、疑问 的结构是：肯定式：情态动词+动词原形 否定式：情态动词+not+动词原形 疑问式：情态动词+主语+动词原形 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词与 not 的缩写形式是：can not=cant could not=couldnt may not=maynt might not=mightnt must not=mustnt shall not=shant will not=wont would not=wouldnt shoul

5、d not=shouldnt A,can 和 could 的用法 Could 是 can 的过去式,但有时却不表示过去的意思,看说话时的情况和上下文定。（1）表示“能力”、“许可”、“可能性”。I can ride a bike.You can go now.Can this be true?He said I could use this boat.（2）Could 可以用来委婉客气地提出请求或问题，这时它不表示过去，而表示目前的情况。Could you lend me your thermos?Could you come over here at eight oclock tomorro

6、w morning?（3）Can 和 be able to 都可以表示“能力”，can 只有现在式和过去式，而 be able to 则有更多的时态形式。I can(could)finish the work.I am(was,shall be)able to finish the work.I have not been able to finish the work.B，May 和 might 用法 Might 是 may 过去式，但有时表示过去，有时却无过去之意。（1）May,might 表示自己允许或请求对方许可，有“可以”“可能”之意其否定式用 may not,也可用 must no

7、t，但 must not 表示“禁止”语气更强硬。You may go to the show now.He said that I might have one days rest.-May I watch TV after supper?-Yes,you may.No,you may not(mustnt).（2021 年-2022 年最新）4（2）表示可能性，意为“或许”“可能”。和+动词原形都表示现在或将来的可能性，但用语气更加不肯定。You may be right.He may be free tonight.The rich American might find it unco

8、mfortable to have too much money.C，Must 和 have to 用法（1）Must 表示“必须”，有命令的口气，很强硬。否定式表示“不应该”“不许可”Everybody must obey the rules.All of us must take good care of our parents.You must not speak like that to one who loves you.He must not dirty his dress.（2）Must 也可表示推测（一定，必定）但只用在肯定句中。This must be a present f

9、or you.（3）Must 与 have to 很相近，但含义并不完全相同。must 表示的是说话人的主观看法，而 have to 却强调客观需要。Have to 比 must 有较多的时态形式。Must 前不能情态动词或助动词，但 have to 前还可以有助动词，如 will have to You must finish the work on time.You have to finish the work on time.I shall have to catch the earliest train tomorrow.D.Need 作为助动词表示“需要”，后跟动词原形，没有人称和

10、数的变化，用于否定句或疑问句。用于肯定句是行为动词，后跟动词不定式、名词、代词、动名词或复合宾语。作名词时，意为“某种需要（加 a）”“必须品（用复数）”。情态动词的提问与否定回答：Can.?No,cant.May.?No,mustnt.Must?No,neednt.二、动词的基本形式 动词的基本形式有五种，即 1 动词原形，2 第三人称单数一般现在时形式，3 过去式，4 过去分词，5 现在分词 （自己去背诵各种形式的构成方法。）三、动词的时态：动词因为要表示行为发生在不同时间而有不同的形态，这叫“动词的时态”。英语共有 16 种时态，最常见的有 5 种，即：（1）一般现在时；（2）一般过去时

11、；（3）一般将来时，（4）现在进行时；（5）现在完成时。我们要从概念,构成法,各种句型变法和用法这些方面来掌握每一种时态.现将主要时态归纳如下:（2021 年-2022 年最新）5 I一般现在时 A基本概念：一般现在时表示现在的行为或状态。B构成法：（1）动词 be 的一般现在时有三种形式，随主语的人称和数而变化：第一人称单数用 am;第三人称单数用 is;其余人称（即第一人称复数；第二人称单、复数；第三人称复数）用 are.一般疑问句的变法是:将句中的 am,或 is,或 are 提到句首。通常第一人称 要变为第二人称。否定句的变法是:在句中的 am,或 is,或 are 后加 not，并注

12、意缩写。is not=isnt are not=arent（2）There be 结构:be 的形式应跟它后面的名词一致。既单数 is,用复数用 are 如有多个名词，跟第一个一致。一般疑问句的变法是:将 is,或 are 提到句首。否定句的变法是：在 is,或 are 后加 not，并注意缩写。（3）动词 have 的一般现在时有两种形式，只有第三人称单数用 has;其余人称都用 have.一般疑问句的变法是:如句中动词为 have，则在句首加 Do，如句中动词为 has;在句首加Does,然后将句中动词 has 变为 have.否定句的变法是：如句中动词为 have，则将 have 变为

13、don t have;如句中动词为 has;则将 has 变为 doesnt have（3）实义动词的一般现在时，除第三人称单数要在动词后面加-s 或-es 外，其余人称用动词原形。当主语为第三人称单数时动词用第三人称单数；动词的第三人称单数的构成：1一般在动词之后加 s,eg:take-takes lend-lends 2以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾加 es.eg:catch-catches fish-fishes 3以辅音加 y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 es,eg:carry-carries 4几个特殊的动词的第三人称单数：be-is have has go goes do-does 一般

14、疑问句的变法是：1.添加法：如句中为实意动词动词用动词原形，则在句首加 Do；如果动词为第三人称单数，在句首加 Does,然后将动词的-s 或-es 形式变为原形。2.直接法：句中有 be 或情态动词，一般疑问句直接将 be 或情态动词提前；否定句在后面加 not.（2021 年-2022 年最新）6 否定句的变法是：如句中动词为原形，变为 dont+原形；如句中动词为加-s 或-es 形式应变为 doesnt+原形。句中有 be 或情态动词，一般疑问句直接将 be 或情态动词之后加 not.C.用法(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与 often,always,everyday,someti

15、mes,usually,every day week等时间状语一起使用。e.g I get up early every morning.He usually goes to work by bus.(2)表示主语的性格特征或现在的状态。e.g She likes swimming,butt her brother prefers mountain-climbing.My father doesnt smoke because he thinks it harmful.（3）表示客观事实或普遍真理。The sun rises in the east.Light travels faster t

16、han sound.(4)一般现在时可以表示一个预先计划好或安排好的将来的行为,但这只限于某些表示开始或移动等意义的动词,如 start,begin,come,go,leave.The train starts st ten oclock.The new term begins on September 1.(5)引用书刊或作者的话时,常用一般现在时。Marx says:“A foreign language ia a weapon in the struggle of life.”马克思说：“外国语是人生斗争的一种武器。”II 一般过去时 A基本概念：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的行为或存

17、在的状态。B构成法：1）动词be的一般过去时有两种形式：第一人称单数或第三人称单数用was，其余人称用were.一般疑问句变法是:将句中 was,或 were 提到句首。通常第一人称要变为第二人称。否定句的变法是:在句中的 was,或 were 后加 not.并注意缩写。was not=wasnt were not=werent（2）There be 结构:be 的形式应跟它后面的名词一致。既单数 was,用复数用 were 如有多个名词，跟第一个一致。一般疑问句的变法是:将 was,或 were 提到句首。否定句的变法是：在 was,或 were 后加 not，并注意缩写。（3）动词 hav

18、e 的一般过去时只有一种形式 had，没有人称和数的变化。（2021 年-2022 年最新）7 一般疑问句的变法是:在句首加 Did,把 had 变为 have.否定句的变法是：把 had 变为 didnt have（4）实义动词的一般过去时:动词一律用过去式没有人称和数的变化。一般过去式的规则变化的构成：1，一般动词后加 ed;eg:play-played 2，以结尾 e 加 d eg:like-liked 3，以辅音加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加 ed.carry-carried 4，重读闭音节结尾双写末尾辅音字母加 ed.eg:stop-stopped 一般疑问句的变法是：句首加 Di

19、d，原过去式形式变为原形。否定句的变法是：把句中动词的过去式形式变为 didnt+动词原形 C.用法(1)表示过去某个时间内的行为或状态，可与 yesterday,before,last monthyearweek,two years ago，in 1861 等时间状语连用。We began to learn to sing Japanese song last year.You wrote a letter to your friend last month,didnt you?（2）表示过去经常或反复发生的行为，可与 every day,often,usually,sometimes 等连

20、用。When we were at college,we often did lab work together.While I stayed on Hainnan Island,I watched for the sea birds coming almost every day.（3）表示过去经常发生而现在已停止的行为，也可以用 used to+动词原形来表示。We used to get up at five to wait for the sunrise.There used to be many trees on this hill,but the villagers have cu

21、t them down.What a pity!III.一般将来时 A基本概念：一般将来时表示将来的要发生的行为或状态，与将来的时间状语连用。时间状语(tomorrow,next week,in the future,the day after tomorrow；soon;in a week)B构成法：1.shall will+动词原形；2.be(am/is/are)+going to 动词原形 这里 shall 和 will 是助动词，按英国英语习惯，一般是第一人称用 shall 第二、三人（2021 年-2022 年最新）8 称用 will。按美国英语习惯则不管人称，一律用 will。一般

22、疑问句的变法是：将 shall 或 will 提到句首。否定句的变法是：在 shall 或 will 后加 not.缩写 shall not=shant will not=wont C用法 表示在将来某个时间内的行为或状态，常与表示将来时间的状语一起使用，但有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指将来的行为或状态。你什么时间能给我们答复。When will you be able to give us an answer?我今晚没空。I shant be free this evening.I will go to Shanghai tomorrow.除一般将来时外，表示将要发生的行为或状态

23、还有三种其他方式：1 be going to+动词原形：2一般现在时也可表示将来的行为。（一般现在时用法 4）3 现在进行时也可表示将来的行为。但这只限于某些表示移动意义的动词，如：go,come,leave,arrive,start,stay,begin,do He is leaving tomorrow.IV.现在进行时、基本概念：现在进行时主要表示目前或现阶段组织进行的行为或正在发生的情况。、构成法：am(is,are)+现在分词 这里 am,is,are 是助动词,要根据主语的人称来选.现在分词的构成：1.一般动词之后加 ing.Do-doing 2以 e 结尾去掉 e 加 ing t

24、ake-taking 3以重读闭音节结尾双写加 ing put-putting、用法（）现在进行时表示说话人说话时正在进行的行为，有时与 at this time of-,listen,look,now 等时间状语一起连用。He is reading a paper on computer.His temperature is going down.表示现阶段正在进行的行为，常与表示一段时间的状语一起连用。如：We are discussing a maths problem this week.Smoking is polluting our air.（2021 年-2022 年最新）9（）

25、现在进行时有时表示按计划或安排要进行的行为，但这只限于某些表示移动意义的动词，如：go,come,leave,arrive,start,stay,begin,do He is leaving tomorrow.He is coming to see you the day after tomorrow.I am leaving for Hongkong on Sunday.Are you going anywhere next week?现在完成时 基本概念：a.现在完成时表示过去已完成的行为或终止的状态，它暗示对现在已有一定的影响或结果 b.表示过去已经开始，延续到现在的动作和状态，往往和表

26、示一段时间的时间状语连用。c.has/have been to 去了某地已经回来。Have/has gone to 去了某地还没回来。d.英语中某些动词的动作是非延续性的，这些动词不能和表示一段时间状语连用。这类动词有：join(be member of),buy(have),go/come(be),leave(be away),borrow/lend(keep)等，需用括号的词替换。have (has)+过去分词 构成法：这里 have(第三人称单数用 has)是助动词，否定句的变法是在 Have(has)后not 缩写为：have not=havent has not=hasnt 疑问的变

27、法是将 have (has)提到句首 动词的过去分词的构成：1.一般动词后加 ed;eg:play-played 2.以结尾 e 加 d eg:like-liked 3.以辅音加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加 ed.carry-carried 4.重读闭音节结尾双写末尾辅音字母加 ed.eg:stop-stopped 不规则动词的过去分词须逐个记忆。不规则动词表.用法（）表示过去开始的行为正在已经完成或刚好完成，着重正在已有的结果与：already,yet,never,just 连用例如：He has swum acroos the river.他已游过了河（因此他在河那边）I have le

28、ft my key in the room.我把钥匙留在房间里了（现在没有钥匙，开不了门）（2021 年-2022 年最新）10（）表示在过去开始的行为一直延续到正在的情况，常与 since+时间点或+一般过去时的时间状语从句,for 引导的时间状语连用 I have lived here for ten years.He has been here since Monday*英语中有些动词表示的动作,是非延续性的,如 begin,come,go,start,become,join,get up,hear,see,return,die,leave 等,只表示一个短暂的动作,不能和表示一段时间的

29、状语“”连用,需要用表示延续的状态.例如:a.他去北京已经三个月了.(F )He has gone to Beijing for three months.(T )He has been to Beijing for three months.b.他入团半年了.(F )He has joined the League for half a year.(T )He has been a League member for half a year.或者用下面的句型表示,It is+段时间.since+从句.段时间 have has passed since+从句 a.他去北京已经三个月了.It i

30、s three months since he went to Beijing.Three months have has passed since he went to Beijing.b.他入团半年了.It is half a year since he joined the League.Half a year has passed since he joined the League.（）现在完成时还可以用在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来才完成的动作。Ill go to the film as soon as I have done my homework.做完功课我就去看电影。We l

31、l start if the train has come at five 如果火车五点钟来了，我们就动身。现在完成时的时间状语问题 （）现在完成时着重说明的时由过去到正在的情况，因此不能与表示特定过去时间的状语，如 yesterday,last month,last year,two days ago,in 1980 等连用这些时间状语只能和一般去时动词连用 但是，现在完成时常和表示不（2021 年-2022 年最新）11 定的时间状语连用，如 already,always,ever,never,just,before,yet 他们已经来到了半山腰.They has already been

32、 halfway up the hill.我从来没有听说过有人四周内写出一本书 I have never herad of anyone turning out a book in four weeks.(2)现在完成时可以和包括“现在”的时间状语连用,如 today,this morning,this year,this month 等.他今天早上来了两次.He has come twice this morning.今年我们种了一万株树.We have planted 10,000 young trees.E.have been to;have been in;have gone to 的

33、区别 have been to:(后跟地点名词)曾经去过某地 have been in:(后跟地点名词)已经来到了某地 have gone to:(后跟地点名词)已经走某地去了 注意：1 动词一般有五种形式：动词原形；动词第三人称单数；现在分词；过去式；过去分词。Go goes going went gone 2动词的正确形式填空的方法：先找有关的时间状语；再找时态；用找出时态的动词形式填空。专题五 动词的一般现在时、过去时、进行时 动词的一般现在时 一、选择正确的词或词组完成句子。1.Tom _(like/likes)playing basketball very much.2.I _(di

34、dnt/dont)like talking with Jim.3._(Playing/Play)computer games is my favorite.4.Nobody can _(live/lives/living)without water.5._(Do/Does)anybody know this word?6.There is little water in the bottle,_(isnt there/is there)?7._(How long/How often)do you go to the Summer Palace?About twice a month.8._(C

35、ome/Coming)to my birthday party,will you?（2021 年-2022 年最新）12 9.Dont _(be/do/)nervous.10._(What a/What)bad weather!二、改正下列句子中的一处错误。1.Is your cousin speak French?2.Does Wang Xiaoming likes going shopping?3.He like plays football after class.4.Mr Wang teachs us Chinese this term.5.Mike dont play compute

36、r games on school nights.6.Lets go and ask Daniel.He are very clever.7.Please not come too early.Lets make the time later.8.My uncle always invited me and my brother to dinner on Sundays.9.My foreign teacher can speaks a little Chinese.10.Mother has bought a lot of yogurt for you and me.They are in

37、the fridge.三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.My best friend Li Ming often _(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _(be)both in Class Three.3.My father always _(come)back from work very late.4.Our teacher is very busy.He only _(sleep)six hours a day.5.They _(not watch)TV on schooldays.6.Nicks grandfather _(not go)t

38、o the park on Sundays.7._ he _(like)the World Cup?8.What _ you often _(do)on weekends?9._ your parents _(read)newspapers every day?10.The young lady _(teach)us English on Saturdays.四、阅读短文，用括号中动词的适当形式填空。A happy family I _(have)a happy family.I enjoy myself in my family.Our family is peaceful.We alway

39、s _(have)family meetings to discuss about the problems I have met.Sometimes we have different ideas to share.Everyone can _(show)their proposals and then my parents and I will get an idea which（2021 年-2022 年最新）13 all the people agree.And the problem _(be)solved.I like the way to figure out the probl

40、em.So _(do)my parents.We _(work)very hard on weekdays,but on weekends there _(be)spare time for me and the members of my family.I often _(play)computer games on Friday evening for one hour,and on Saturday evening for half an hour.My mother _(read)the magazines about clothes at the same time.My fathe

41、r will _(watch)TV to relax himself just because on weekdays he only_(sleep)6 hours!Generally speaking,everyone in my family _(be)happy.When a long vacation _(come),especially summer vacation or winter vacation,well travel to other places.We usually _(go)to domestic cities,but sometimes we also _(vis

42、it)famous cities in other countries,such as Tokyo.We always _(have)a good time there.Such is my happy family.I love my family.五、中考真题。1.I dont know if it _ tomorrow.If it _,I will not go fishing.A.rains,will rain B.will rain,rains C.will rain,rain D.rains,rains 2.Please dont leave until your teacher

43、_ back.A.will come B.came C.comes D.is coming 3.Well go to the farm and help the farmers with the apple-picking if it _ tomorrow.A.wont rain B.will be rainy C.doesnt rain D.isnt raining 4.Every year many foreigners _ to China to learn Chinese.A.have come B.comes C.came D.come 5.Whats your name?My na

44、me _ Jim Green.A.am B.are C.is D.be 6.Is your father a doctor?Yes,he is.He _ in Town Hospital.（2021 年-2022 年最新）14 A.has worked B.had worked C.works D.worked 7.Usually,Betty _ in colourful T-shirts in summer.A.wears B.is dressed C.is wearing D.dresses 8.We all know that two and one is three.Here“is”m

45、eans“_”.A.=B.%C.9.Im sorry to hear that Bill failed the exam again.Dont worry about him.Im sure that he will never give up until he _.A.succeed B.succeeds C.succeeded D.will succeed 10.I wonder if your wife will go to the party.If your wife _,so_.A.does,does she B.will,will mine C.does,will mine D.w

46、ill,will I 11.His sister _ kind to her neighbors.A.am B.are C.is D.be 12.Sorry,Jim isnt in right now.Can you tell him to ring me up if you _ him?A.see B.will see C.saw D.are seeing 13.Im sorry that John is out.Please ask him to call me as soon as he _.A.returned B.returns C.will return D.return 14.I

47、ll do it better if the teacher _ me another chance.A.give B.gives C.gave D.will give 动词的一般过去时 六、写出下列动词的过去式。come _ go _ run _ become _ see _ have _ give _ take _ speak _ tell _ say _ spend _ get _ make _ fall _ feel _ （2021 年-2022 年最新）15 put _ work _ choose _ know _ hear _ meet _ pay _ swim _ begin _

48、 break _ build _ buy _ find _ keep _ carry _ study _ hold _ hide _ repair _ stand _ teach _ fly _ wear _ rise _ write _ beat _ win _ play _ raise _ bring _ think _ start _ be _ stop _ practice _ visit _ will _ stay _ hurt _ forget _ use _ watch _ hit _ cut _ 七、用括号中动词的适当形式填空。1.It _(be)Saturday when w

49、e met last week.2.Where _ you _(find)my dictionary?3.We stayed in Beijing for five days and then we _(go)to visit Shanghai.4.He always _(ask)me some questions when he met me.5.When he was in primary school,he _(be)often late for school.八、改正下列句子中的一处错误。1.How is your trip to Tianjin yesterday?2.Everyon

50、e were excited to hear the surprising news.3.I didnt saw Mary and her brother at school yesterday.4.Was you surprised to hear the news?5.When I was a little girl,I can ride a bicycle.九、阅读短文，用括号中动词的适当形式填空。An unforgettable day Looking back at my junior middle school life,I find a day really unforgetta