考研英语阅读unit-112832.pdf

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1、Unit 1 By reading we enrich the mind,by conversation we polish it.读书使人充实，交谈使人精明。学习内容 题 材 词 数 建议时间 得分统计 做题备忘 Part A Text 1 文化教育 462 /10 Text 2 科普知识 474 /10 Text 3 社会生活 445 /10 Text 4 商业经济 462 /10 Part B 文化教育 645 /10 Part C 社会生活 449 /10 Part A Directions：Read the following texts.Answer the questions b

2、low each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Text 1 Catneton Walker learned the hard way that sharing information online can have unintended conse-quences.In 2005,the sophomore at Fisher College in Boston organized a student petition dedicated to getting a campus police guard fired and posted it on the popu

3、lar college social network F.Walker wrote that the guard“loves to antagonize students.,and needs to be eliminated.”It was a poor choice of words.Another student informed school officials,who logged on and interpreted the comments as threatening.Though Walker claimed he was trying only to expose the

4、guards demeanor,he was expelled.Hes now enrolled at another college and admits he made a serious mistake.“I was a naive 21-year-old,”he says.Creating a page on a social-networking site is now a cherished form of self-expression at universities around the world.Students use ad-supported services like

5、 Facebook,MySpace,TagWorld and Bebo to make friends,plan their social lives and project their personalities.The most popular site among college students is Facebook,with more than 8 million members.A students personal Facebook page is usually a revealing,dynamic chronicle of campus lifeone clearly n

6、ot meant for the eyes of parents,teachers or anyone else older than 25.But adults are taking notice.Sites like Facebook are accessible to nearly anyone willing to spend the time to gain access:teachers,school administrators,even potential employers and the police.Such online services can create the

7、illusion of privacy where none actually exists.Facebook,in particular,was designed to emphasize privacy and intimacy.Only other users at your school(with the same college e-mail domain name),and those in networks you join,can see your home page.But determined off-campus visitors can persuade a stude

8、nt or alumnus to help them access the students page.What happens when the identity you reveal to friends suddenly overwhelms the facade you present to grown-ups?The results can be awkwardor worse.Photos from drunken parties,recollections of sexual escapades,or threatsall these indiscretions,posted o

9、nline,have gotten students suspended or expelled,or harmed job prospects.In a couple of decades,a presidential candidate may be called on to answer for a college misadventure that he or she impulsively detailed in a blog entry.Not all students want to temper their behavior.They point out that the In

10、ternet lets them express themselves and find like-minded souls.Still,adults arent likely to stop prying any time soon.That means students who use Facebook and MySpace have a new burden.The Web may seem ephemeral,but what you casually post one night might just last a digital eternity.While social net

11、working represents a powerful tool for todays students,theyre advised to be prudent.Even if they have no plans to run for president someday.1.Cameron Walker was dismissed because he A was caught posting threatening information online.B fighted with the campus police guard fiercely.C violated the rul

12、es when he created his own personal page.D he logged onto the schools official website without permission.2.What is the major problem with Facebook?A The information in it is shared too widely.B Teachers are allowed no access to it.C Its claimed privacy is only an illusion.D It annoys too many teach

13、ers and parents.3.Which of the following contents are you more likely to find at Facebook?A Virtuous conducts.B Pictures of drunken students.C Flattering language.D Lecture notes.4.Why do Students cherish the Internet?A They can practise their communicative skills.B They can communicate effectively

14、with teachers.C They can reveal their feelings freely.D They compete for leadership.5.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?A Creating personal web page is gaining popularity on campus.B Careless online postings can mean really big trouble to students.C Colleges take tough

15、 measures against invasion on personal privacy.D Undesirable online content should be made illegal and eliminated.Text 2 Up to now,the main impact of technological change has been on long-distance calls.In the United States,where four nationwide fiber networks have been built in a decade,long-distan

16、ce revenue per minute has halved during that period.Now other technologies are cutting the cost of the“local loop”the connection between the nearest exchange and the subscribers home.The connection is usually made with a twisted pair of copper wires,a technology unchanged for almost 120 years.As a r

17、ule of thumb,local distribution accounts for 80%of a net-works costs.Peter Huber,a telecoms specialist based in Washington,DC,reckons that it costs around$1,200$2,000 to connect a new customer with copper.Two less expensive and more flexible alternatives to copper have now become available.One is to

18、 run telephone services over the same system as cable television.A breakthrough in laser design in the late 1980s made it possible to send analogue television pictures along optical fibers.Since then cable systems,like telephone systems,have increasingly acquired backbones of optical fiber.Adding te

19、lephony to an existing cable system usually costs much less than extending the copper-wire network.The trouble is that a cable-television system,like a telephone network,involves high fixed costs and passes homes that do not want it,as well as homes that do;So building one from scratch(as in Britain

20、)is expensive.These problems are avoided by the other technological breakthrough：the use of wireless transmission.Its extraordinary flexibility and low cost will allow the development of a new kind of network or networks competing directly with fixed wires.“Wireless is the answer to the local monopo

21、ly,”says Robert Pepper,head of the office of plans and policy at the Federal Communications Commission(FCC)in the United States.“If local telecoms were to rebuild from scratch today,they would do so mostly with radio,at a cost of about$800 per subscriber,”says Peter Huber,Michael Kellogg and John Th

22、orne in”The Geodesic Net work II,”a 1993 review of competition in the industry in the United States.Mobile telephones will increasingly compete head-on with fixed systems.But the most important innovation is likely to be a digital wireless linked to a small fixed radio antenna in the home,which can

23、make extraordinarily efficient use of the radio spectrum;unlike a mobile phone,the antenna is always tuned precisely to the correct base station.Such systems of wireless local access are now being developed by several companies including Hughes in the United States and Ionica in Britain,but are not

24、yet in commercial use in OECD countries.Nevertheless,calculations by analysts,a British consultancy,bear out the enthusiasm of Mr.Huber and his colleagues for fixed wireless access as potentially the least expensive way to make the final link to the home.6.According to Para.2,which of the following

25、is true?A Fiber networks have been dramatically reduced.B Local calls are more expensive than long distance calls.C Fiber networks have brought about a reduction in costs for long-distance calls.D It is not so costly to connect a new customer with copper.7.One advantage of the wireless transmission

26、over fixed wires is that it A enables subscribers to receive clearer digital signals.B allows one company to monopolize local transmission.C permits more competitors to set up new phone businesses.D makes digital transmission possible.8.The two technological breakthroughs in telecommunication mentio

27、ned are A copper wire network&cable television system.B cable-television system&wireless transmission.C wireless transmission&copper wire network.D fixed wires&radio network.9.It can be inferred from the passage that A wireless telecommunication holds great prospect for the future.B copper wire netw

28、ork will not be replaced by other types of networks.C both cable television systems&radio networks will be the goal people try to reach.D fixed wireless access is similar to mobile phones.10.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Impact of New Technology on Telecommunications.

29、B Great Changes in Telecommunications.C Copper Wire Network vs Cable Television System.D Reduction in Cost of Long-distance Calls.Text 3 For most of us,the work is the central,dominating factor of life.We spend more than half our conscious hours at work,traveling to and from work.What we do there la

30、rgely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well.It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner,that because most work is pretty intol

31、erable,the people who do it should compensate for its boredom,frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives.I reject that as a counsel of despair.For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide,and the conditions

32、 in which work is done,will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer.Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done;only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity,imagination,or

33、initiative.Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society.We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life,many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work,unless we tac

34、kle it head-on.Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society.The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest.For most managers,work is an opportunity and a challenge.Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities.They are constantly learni

35、ng;they are able to exercise responsibility;they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others working lives.Most important of all,they have opportunity to initiate.By contrast,for most manual workers,and for a growing number of white-collar worker,work is a boring,dull,even painfu

36、l experience.They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable for themselves by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue.The majority has little control over their work;it provides them with no opportunity for personal development.Often p

37、roduction is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology.In offices,many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine.As a direct consequence of their work experience,many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm

38、,whether it is in public or in private ownership.11.It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that people judge others by A the type of work they do.B the condition in which they work.C the time they spend at work.D the standard of living they have 12.According to the author,work is now A more important t

39、han it will be in the future.B less important than it will be in the future C important in deciding the satisfaction that life provides with.D offering less satisfaction than life used to provide with.13.What is needed to solve our industrial problems?A A decent and humane society.B Equality in taki

40、ng the initiative.C A more equal distribution of responsibility.D A more tolerable working condition.14.What advantages do managers have over other workers?A They won t lose their jobs.B They get time off to attend courses.C They can work at whatever interests them.D They can make their own decision

41、s.15.Why do working conditions generally remain bad?A Because managers don t regard them as intolerable.B Because managers cannot decide what to do about them.C Because managers see no need to change them.D Because managers don t want to take the decisions Text 4 Forget all the talk about corporate

42、culture.Its time to analyze your companys personality.Plenty of business gurus have argued for years that companies arent just boxes and bubbles on org-charts.Instead,theyve argued,companies are more like biological organisms living things that learn,evolve,and eventually die.Are you ready to take t

43、his biological worldview to the next level?According to marketing consultant Sanfdy Fekete,companies can best be understood when thought of as people as unique creatures with their own value,their own personalities,and sometimes,if her clients really get into the spirit,their own names.“Most people

44、assume that a companys personality matches its CEOs personality,”says Fekete,43,founder of Fekete Company,a marketing-communications firm based in Columbus,Ohio.“But thats not true.An organization has its own ways of being.”Feketes job is to help her clients understand their company s personality it

45、s strengths and its weaknesses.Her main tool is a 74-question diagnostic called,appropriately,“Companies Are People,Too.”So far,people in 63 organizations ranging from museums to construction firms to medical practices have put pen to paper to scrutinize their companies personalities.It may sound li

46、ke psychobabble,but the idea behind the tool is fairly simple:An organization,like a person,has preferred ways of focusing energy,gathering information,making decision,and structuring work.Once people inside an organization understand those preferences,argues Fekete,they can do a better job of artic

47、ulating their companys identity and values,and they can figure out better ways to work and to communicate.Some of her clients even elect“keepers of the personality”volunteers who make sure that their organization is clear about the attributes that it prizes.“Change comes from awareness,”Fekete says.

48、“Once you figure out who you are,you can begin to differentiate yourself from your competitors.”Dixon Schwabl Advertising Inc.,a fast-growing agency based in upstate New York,has actually undergone a personality change as a result of using the tool.After taking the test for the first time,the agency

49、 created a character,named Samm,to embody the companys strengths and weaknesses.But a year later,after the agency worked on its weaknesses,Samm gave way to Jazzy.“Samm was too deadline-focused”,muses Lauren Dixon,45,founder and president of Dixon Schwabl.“Were still driven to meet our deadlines,but

50、not at the risk of compromising the creative.We need a different character to personify who we had become.”Indeed,Dixon claims that Jazzy has not only helped her company better understand its values;the personality has also contributed to the firms phenomenal growth from billings of$18 million in 19