考研英语阅读unit-1412974.pdf

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1、Unit 14 Storms make trees take deeper roots.风暴使树木深深扎根 学习内容 题 材 词 数 建议时间 得分统计 做题备忘 Part A Text 1 社会生活 430 /10 Text 2 文化教育 437 /10 Text 3 商业经济 417 /10 Text 4 社会生活 437 /10 Part B 生态环境 698 /10 Part C 科普知识 459 /10 Part A Directions：Read the following texts.Answer the questions blow each text by choosing

2、A,B,C or D.Text 1 When Julius Caesar made his triumphal entrance into Rome in 45 BC,he celebrated by giving a feast at which thousands of guests gorged on poultry,seafood and game.Similar celebrations featuring exorbitant consumption of animal flesh have marked human victories in war,sport,politics

3、and commerce since our species learned to control fire.Throughout the developing world today,one of the first things people do as they climb out of poverty is to shift from their peasant diet of mainly grains and beans to one that is rich in pork or beef.Since 1950,per capital consumption of meat ar

4、ound the globe has more doubled.Meat,it seems,is not just food but reward as well.But in the coming century,that will change.Much as we have awakened to the full economic and social costs of cigarettes,we will find we can no longer subsidize or ignore the costs of mass-producing cattle,poultry,pigs,

5、sheep and fish to feed our growing population.These costs include hugely inefficient use of fresh water and land,heavy pollution from livestock feces,rising rates of heart disease and other degenerative illness,and spreading destruction of the forests on which much of our planets life depends.First,

6、consider the impact on supplies of fresh water.To produce 1kg of feedlot beef requires 7 kg of feed grain,which takes 1000 kg of water to grow.Pass up one hamburger,and youll save as much as water as you save by taking 40 showers with a low-flow nozzle.Yet in the U.S.,70%of all the wheat,corn and ot

7、her grain produced goes to feeding herds of livestock.Around the world,as more water is diverted to raising pigs and chickens instead of producing crops for direct consumption,millions of wells are going dry.India,China,North Africa and the U.S.are all running freshwater deficits,pumping more from t

8、heir aquifers than rain can replenish.As populations in water scarce regions continue to expand,governments will inevitably act to cut these deficits by shifting water to grow food,not feed.The new policies will raise the price of meat to levels unaffordable for any but the rich.That prospect will d

9、oubtlessly provoke protests that direct consumption of grain cant provide the same protein that meat provides.Indeed,it cant.But nutritionists will attest that most people in the richest countries dont need nearly as much protein as were currently getting from meat,and there are plenty of vegetable

10、sources including the grains now squandered on feed that can provide the protein we need.1.The author cites the example of Caesars feat to suggest that A Caesar made a big triumphal entrance into Rome.B the victory was celebrated with various kinds of meat.C people think eating meat is a symbol of w

11、ealth and victory.D Caesar and his guests enjoy the feast with meet very much.2.The author compares meat eating to cigarette smoking because A both of them are personal habits.B they cost a lot of economic and social resources.C eating meat can be expensive if people like to smoke.D they can lead to

12、 some serious diseases.3.What can be inferred from paragraph 3?A To produce the same amount of beef needs 7000 times the weight of water.B The resources we need to make a hamburger equal to that of 40 showers.C As more water is used to raise poultry,water scarce regions will increase.D To control wa

13、ter deficit,governments will raise the price of meat.4.According to the text,which of the following is true?A Only a small part of the grain is directly consumed in the world.B Eating meat might be a symbol of richness in the future.C People today eat much more meat than what is necessary.D Many ric

14、h countries face the problem of fresh water shortage.5.Which is the best title for the text?A The change of food structure in America.B Water shortage caused by meat consumption.C The increase of meat supply around the globe.D The cost of meat consumption.Text 2 I agree that the Canadian immersion a

15、nd bilingual schools have been successful in producing functionally bilingual students.In the province of Manitoba,there are French,Ukrainian,and German immersion schools;Hebrew bilingual schools;and a school for native Indian students.English immersion programs are popular for students from the pro

16、vince of Quebec as well as from countries such as Libya and Japan.However,Mr.Whelptons suggested condition that teachers in these schools must be fully bilingual may be unnecessary.For example,primary teachers can and do function with a smaller vocabulary than secondary teachers.Secondly,it is doubt

17、ful that students will use English because they“understand and accept the objective of making English the language of the classroom,”which is a rather sterile motive.One reason that Canadian immersion programs work is because of the commitment to Whole Language Learning,that is,children learn a lang

18、uage,(first or second),by using it to transmit or receive meaningful messages that are interesting,real and important.They want to make their needs and desires known and to understand the world around them.Immersion programs integrate language and content in an activity-based,child-centered manner s

19、o that the child is motivated to use the second language as a tool to transmit and receive messages related to social and academic interests.In addition the second language is modeled throughout the school,is encouraged and rewarded,and thus becomes the language of choice.It is not necessary to“aban

20、don”Cantonese;an immersion program should provide some daily instruction in the first language.Mr.Whelptons third argument that all the students in one class need to be at approximately the same level of English proficiency when they switch to English is unrealistic and unprofitable.How does a teach

21、er group children who have a huge vocabulary but poor grammar skills and others who have correct grammar but a poor vocabulary?Also,suppose the students have similar language abilities but different learning styles!The odds are that a teacher,at any point in time,will be teaching at a level that is

22、too difficult for one-third,too easy for one-third and appropriate for the final one-third of the students.Hence the concept of co-operative learning:students in heterogeneous groups with a mixture of personalities,talents and weaknesses(a more realistic reflection of life)learn better as they co-op

23、erate,instead of compete,and depend on each other for support and information.This type of learning environment frees the teacher from the traditional lecturing mode in favor of circulating,monitoring and challenging the students to make use of their different experiences to expand their knowledge a

24、nd skills.6.The writers attitude towards the Canadian immersion program is A balanced.B unenthusiastic.C supportive.D critical.7.The word“sterile”(Line 2,Para 2)is closest in meaning to A uninspiring.B unusual.C stereotypical.D uninformative.8.The Canadian immersion program has been a success becaus

25、e A it makes English the language of the classroom.B students in classrooms are at about the same level.C students can use their first language freely in classrooms.D it works towards real life goals of the students.9.According to the author the reality of classroom teaching is A more straightforwar

26、d than Mr.Whelpton describes.B more difficult to control than Mr.Whelpton describes.C more lively than Mr.Whelpton describes.D more complicated than Mr.Whelpton describes.10.The author uses a colon(Line 3,Para 5)to A give evidence for the point made.B explain the term.C introduce the consequence.D p

27、rovide a reason.Text 3 The strongest case for globalization is the liberal one.It is almost never heard,least of all from governments or businessmen.International economic integration,on the liberal view,is what happens when technology allows people to pursue their own goals and they are given the l

28、iberty to do so.If technology advances to the point where it supports trade across borders,and if people then choose to trade across borders,you have integration,and because people have freely chosen it this is a good thing.Also,again because people have freely chosen this course,you would expect th

29、ere to be economic benefits as well.By and large,theory and practice confirm that this is so.Adam Smiths invisible hand does its work.People choose what serves their own self-interest,each of them making that judgment for himself.The result is that society as a whole prospers and advances spontaneou

30、sly,not by design of any person or government.All kinds of qualifications and elaborations are needed,obviously,to fill out the argument properly.This survey will offer some of them in due course.But it is essential to understand one point from the outset.The liberal case for globalization is emphat

31、ically not the case for domestic or international laisser faire.Liberalism lays down no certainties about the requirements of social justice in terms of income redistribution or the extent of the welfare state.It recognizes that markets have their limits,for instance intending to the supply of publi

32、c goods(such as a clean environment).A liberal outlook is consistent with support for a wide range of government interventions;indeed a liberal outlook demands many such interventions.But the starting point for all liberals is a presumption that,under ordinary circumstances,the individual knows best

33、 what serves his interests and that the blending of these individual choices will produce socially good results.Two other things follow.The first is an initial skepticism,at least,about collective decision making that overrides the individual kind.The other is a high regard for markets not as a plac

34、e where profits are made,it must be stressed,but as a place where society advances in the common good.Why then are governments and business leaders rarely heard to put this case?Because for the most part they are not liberals.Perhaps it goes with the job that politicians of left and right,traditiona

35、l and modern,have an exaggerated view of their ability to improve on the spontaneous order of a lightly governed society.11.What is the liberals understanding of the economic integration?A It is designed by the government.B It has nothing to do with technology.C It is peoples own choice.D It brings

36、to people economic benefits.12.What does the word“argument”(Line 1,Paragraph 3)refer?A People choose what serves their own self-interest.B Technology allows people to pursue their own goals.C Theory and practice confirm that this is so.D Society as a whole prospers and advances spontaneously.13.It c

37、an be inferred from Para 3 that A the global liberal is either domestic or international laisser faire.B liberalism requires social justice and the extent of the welfare state.C liberals can supply markets with a clean environment.D a liberal outlook demands many government interventions.14.The init

38、ial skepticism most probably thinks that A the combination of individual choices produces socially good results.B market is a place where society advances in the common good.C the individual knows best what serves his interests.D collective decision making overrides the individual kind.15.According

39、to the text,who can be a liberal?A Adam Smith.B A businessman.C A business leader.D A politician.Text 4 A couple of months ago,Blanca Nubia Chamorro,aged 12,found a ball in her village in southern Nicaragua.As she was playing,it blew up.Blanca now lies in hospital without her left arm and right hand

40、.Years after all fighting has stopped,landmines continue to cripple people in countries that have savage wars,including Nicaragua,Cambodia and Mozambique.Afghanistan,where new fighting is now awaited,may still be the most heavily mined area in the world.Moreover,the vile contraptions continue to be

41、planted by governments or rebels in some 25 countries.According to the International Campaign to Ban Landmines(IGBL),mines claim well over 15,000 victims a year in about 90 countries.At least matters are not as bad as they were.As they got together in Nicaragua on September 18th,the parties to the 1

42、997 Ottawa convention which bans the use,production,stockpiling,sale and purchase of landmines had cause for congratulation.The ICBL was able to report that 185 square meters(46,000 acres)of mined territory was cleared last year;the number of producers has shrunk from 55 to 14 over the past few year

43、s;trade seems to have come to a halt;stockpiles are shrinking,with 27m mines destroyed;the number of new victims,while still high,is declining.There are now 120 full members of the convention,with another 21 on the way.Yet 240m landmines are still thought to be stockpiled in about 100 countries.The

44、Ottawa convention requires members to clean up their arsenals within four years,but nearly 20 countries have not even started to do so.More to the point,most of the worlds landmines are held by countries that have declined to sign the treaty.Russia and America,two determined non-joiners,have stockpi

45、les estimated at 65m and 11m respectively.Theoretically,the Ottawa convention is legally binding,but identifying the culprits,let alone enforcing the law,is not easy.Many members have not yet provided clear information about their landmines,an obligation under the convention.Monitoring what is happe

46、ning to the mines is difficult and time-consuming and is not part of the convention:most of the work is carried out by the IGBLs 115 researchers.And even when countries are found guilty,bringing them back into line depends on peer pressure,since no clear penalty system has been devised.Another troub

47、ling point is that the convention binds only governments.Yet landmines are a weapon of choice for rebels.The Nicaraguan meeting acknowledged that insurgents too should give them up.But it will take much more than peer pressure to get them to do so.16.The authors purpose in writing Para.1 is A to mak

48、e it interesting to attract the readers.B to show the tragedy that landmines produce.C to tell the reader a story of a pitiful girl.D to introduce something about landmines.17.Which of the following is true about landmines?A Mozambique and Afghanistan are among the most heavily mined areas.B In more

49、 than twenty countries,governments or rebels still use landmines.C The September 18th convention covers the use and sell of landmines D The landmine storage declines,thanks to the removal of many arsenals,.18.The IGBL congratulated because A a wide area of mined territory was found and the landmines

50、 were destroyed.B the reduction of producers caused the shrinking of landmine stockpiles.C trade of landmines had been stopped due to pressure from members.D the number of new victims in about 90 countries declined to a satisfying level.19.The phrase“on the way”(Line 10,Para 2)most probably means A