四级短文听写填词篇12808.pdf

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1、 学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文网校 四级短文听写的长度一般在 200 到 250 词之间，包括 8 个单词填空和 3 个句子填空。全文朗读三遍。第一遍朗读时，中间没有停顿，供考生听懂全文内容；第二遍朗读时，单词空格中间没有停顿，句子空格大约有 60 秒的停顿时间，要求考生把听到的内容填入空格；第三遍朗读与第一遍一样，中间没有停顿，供考生核对所填内容。Lecture 1 第一讲 5 招扫清填词障碍 从某种意义上说，短文听写实际上也是一种完形填空。我们可以利用完形填空技巧，根据空格前后的语法结构、近义或反义复现等卷面材料所提供的已知信息来预测空格处的未知信息，从而提高答题的针对性，减少盲目性。第一

2、招：利用句子的语法结构根据句子的主谓搭配、动宾搭配、修饰关系以及虚拟、倒装等语法结构关系，判断所缺单词充当的成分，从而推测出所填词的词性及形式（名词单复数或动词的时态、语态等）。【例 1】（11642，43）Albert Einstein(42)this in 1905,when he(43)the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity.【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格(42)以及空格(43)所在分句均缺少谓语动词，(42)题答案为predicted，意为“预测”。(43)题答案为 introdu

3、ced，意为“引进，介绍”。第二招：利用语义连贯根据上下文中的关键词与空格前后词语在语义上的连贯，推断所填词可能的含义。【例 2】(081239)Crime rates have always been high in multicultural,industrialized societies such as the United States,but a new(37)has appeared on the world(38)rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39).【解析】空格（39）前的

4、形容词 few 表明此处应填复数名词。此句与 but 前一句的情况构成转折，前一句说，犯罪率在美国等具有多元文化的工业化社会一直很高，空格所在句则说“犯罪率在那些以前很少有(39)报道的国家开始快速上升”，为了确保语义上的连贯，所填词应有“犯罪，罪行”之意。本空答案为 offences，意为“犯罪，罪行”。37 题答案为 phenomenon（现象），38 题答案为 scene（场景）。第三招：从逻辑衔接中寻找线索根据上下文及句际间的逻辑关系（如并列、转折、因果等）推测所填词可能的含义（主要通过连接词、介词短语和副词来判断）。【例 3】(046S5)Anyone may go there an

5、d read anything in the collection.But no one is(S5)to take books out of the building.【解析】转折连词 but 前是说“任何人都可以进去阅读收藏的书籍”，根据 but 的特点可知，其后应该是说“任何人都不可以把书拿出大楼”，由此可知所填词应该表示“可以，允许”之意。本空答案为 permitted，意为“允许”。第四招：利用上下文的照应或复现关系注意在同一语境中寻找能够与所填词构成近义、反义或同根等复现或照应关系的词语，从而推测出所填词可能的形式或含义。近义词或反义词的出现常伴有表示并列或转折关系的信号词。【例

6、4】(091243)For example,descriptive writing might list the colors an artist used in a painting or the(43)a composer included in a musical composition,so as to make pictures or sounds in the readers mind by calling up specific details of the work.【解析】分析句子结构可知，所填词应与前面的 colors 并列，故很可能也是名词复数，二者后面都跟了一个省略了

7、that 的定语从句；所填词的定语 a composer in a musical composition提示，该词应该与 composer,musical 属于同一个语义场，故应该与音乐有关。本空答案为instruments，意为“乐器”。学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文网校 第五招：利用词语的固定搭配根据所填词与其前后词语构成的固定搭配或习惯表达来推测所填词可能的形式或含义。【例 5】(07637)Most parents are well(36),but some of them arent very helpful with the problems their sons and daug

8、hters have in(37)to college,and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their childrens difficulties.【解析】空格（37）前的介词 in 和空后的介词 to 提示所填词应为名词或动名词。根据整句话的含义不难得知，刚上大学的孩子需要“适应”大学生活。adjust to意为“适应”。本空答案为 adjusting,意为“适应”。Lecture 2 第二讲 5 招攻克填句难关 短文听写所考查的句子的结构一般都比较复杂，如在不了解其内容的情况下直接听写，很难抓住全部信息。因此，我

9、们应该在听音前根据空格前后的逻辑关系、上下文陈述内容及短文整体脉络对句子可能陈述的主题进行推测，从而在听音过程中抓取更多的有效信息。第一招：根据段落大意推测段落首尾处空格内容段落的开头或结尾往往起到承上启下的作用，常为主题句或总结性内容，因此应注意对段落的细节内容进行总结和归纳，从而推测出段首或段尾处空格可能表达的内容。【例 1】(031S8)Big,hightech fleets(S6)ensure that everything in their path is pulled out of water.Anything too small,or the wrong thing,is thr

10、own back either dead or dying.Thats an(S7)average of more than 20 million metric tons every year.(S8).【解析】所缺句子为该段最后一句，应起承上启下作用。根据前句含义和下段举例，此处很可能是进一步说明前句中的惊人数量和问题的严重性。本空答案为 When you consider that equals a quarter of the worlds catch,you begin to see the size of the problem。第二招：理清句子间的逻辑关系作者在组织篇章和段落时，经

11、常会使用一些表达逻辑关系（如顺承关系、因果关系、对比关系、转折关系等）的词或短语。通过这些逻辑关系词语，理清句子间的逻辑关系，可以推测出所缺句子所表达的大致含义。【例 2】(051S8)It is a good Japanese camera,easy to use.(S8)whereas the American versions are considerably more expensive.【解析】文章提到 Japan，Germany，the USA 三国的照相机，空前的 Japanese 和空后的American 以及连词 whereas（表对比）提示本句描述的应是 Germany 的

12、相机。此处是三国照相机之间的对比。前后句中 use,expensive 和 weigh 提示所填内容应与照相机的使用、价格和重量有关。本空答案为 Equivalent German models tend to be heavier and slightly less easy to use。第三招：根据前后句意推测空格处内容 句与句之间在语义上要保持连贯，考生要学会利用空格前后的句意对所缺句子可能表达的含义进行推测。【例 3】(07644)(41)Accustomed to seeing As and Bs on high school report cards,they may be up

13、set when their childrens first(42)semester college grades are below that level.At their kindest,they may gently(43)inquire why John or Mary isnt doing better,whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should,and so on.(44).【解析】空前是说父母们习惯了看到孩子高中时成绩单上的 As 和 Bs，所以当孩子大学第一学期的成绩低于高中时的水平时，他们就会变得十分恼火。如

14、果他们比较亲切，他们可能会问孩子为什么没有考好，是否尽了力。根据前面所说内容不难推断，所填句很可能是要讲如果父母不亲切时，他们可能会做的事。所填句的开头应是 at their kindest 的反义短语。本空答案为 At their worst,they may threaten to take their children out of college or cut off funds。第四招：明确代词的指代关系 学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文网校 空格后面句子中的代词往往指代空格所在句中出现过的词，因此要学会利用空格后句子的内容明确该代词的指代内容，从而推测空格句所陈述的内容。【例 4】(0

15、46S9)Today,three buildings hold the librarys collection.(S9).It buys some of its books and gets others as gifts.【解析】空前是关于图书馆藏书的重购，空后介绍了藏书的来源，故所缺部分应该也是介绍图书馆藏书的相关情况。根据句意，空后的 it 应是代指 the library，故所缺句子的主语应为the library。本空答案为 The library provides books and materials to the US Congress and also lends books

16、 to other American libraries,government agencies and foreign libraries。第五招：学会记录关键词由于句子结构比较复杂，而且时间有限，只凭记忆写要点，往往容易出现疏漏和犯错误。因此，考生一定要学会记录关键词。首先，要学会使用缩略语。缩略语不一定要求规范，甚至可用些符号，所记内容不一定要求完整，只要能起到提示作用，自己能看懂就行了。这里的基本要求是快速、省时并能表达含义。其次，要有选择地记笔记。英语中实词具有表意功能，而虚词多具语法功能，因此所记词应以实词为主。最后，重点记录句子的主干。考生应重点记录句子主干或中心词，在记下主干的

17、前提下尽可能记全信息。需要注意的是，这些技巧尽管能够帮助考生提高答题的准确度，但只注重技巧而忽视实践练习也不会取得很好的成绩，因此，必须把两者有机地结合起来。即讲即练 Exercise 1 What is your(36)color?Do you like yellow,orange,or red?If you do you must be an(37),a leader.Do you prefer grays and blues?Then you are(38)quiet,shy,and you would rather follow than lead.You tend to be a p

18、essimist.At least,this is what(39)tell us,and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of color(40),as well as the effect that colors have on human beings.They tell us,among other facts,that we do not(41)our favorite color as we grow up we are born with our preference.I

19、f you happen to love brown,you did so as soon as you opened your eyes,or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colors do(42)our moods there is no doubt about it.A yellow room makes most people feel more(43)and more relaxed than a dark green one;and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the sadd

20、est winter day.On the other hand,black is depressing.A black bridge over the Thames River,near London,(44)until it was repainted green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply;perhaps(45).Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active.It is an established fact th

21、at factory workers work better,harder,and(46).Exercise 2 Generally,time management refers to the(36)of processes and tools that(37)efficiency and(38).In business,time management has morphed into everything from methodologies such as Enterprise Resource Planning through(39)services such as Profession

22、al Organizers.When we think of time management,however,we tend to think of(40)time management,loosely defined as managing our time to waste less on doing the things we have to do,so we have more time to do the things we want to do.Therefore,time management is often thought of or(41)as a set of time

23、management skills;the theory is that once we(42)the time management skills,well be more 学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文网校 organized,efficient,and happier.Personal time management skills include goal setting,planning,prioritizing,decisionmaking,delegating,and(43).Many people find that time management tools,such as PI

24、M software and PDAs,help them manage their time more effectively.For instance,(44).Whether(45),however,the first step in effective time management is(46).Exercise 3In the last 500 years,nothing about people their clothes,ideas,or(36)has changed as much as what they eat.The(37)chocolate drink was mad

25、e from the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians.The Spanish(38)it to the rest of the world during the 1500s.Although it was very expensive,it quickly became(39).In London,shops where chocolate drinks were(40)became important meeting places.Some still exist today.The potato is also from

26、the New World.Around 1600,the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe,where it soon was(41)grown.Ireland became so(42)on it that thousands of Irish people(43)when the crop failed during the“Potato Famine”of 1845-1846,and thousands more were forced to immigrate to America.(44).But some others went in

27、the opposite direction.Brazil is now the Worlds largest grower of coffee,and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries.But it is native to Ethiopia.It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s.According to an Arabic legend,(45).He tried one and experience

28、d the“wideawake”feeling(46).Exercise 4Everybody wants to get wealthy.In todays(36)world,making money or becoming wealthy(37)a persons success and capability.Many people just make every(38),pay any price to attain greater wealth.With money,they can buy nice,large (39)in nice neighborhoods;with money

29、they can own stately(40)cars.Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only(41)to happiness?Not really.There are many things in the world which are beyond the means of money,such as friendship,love,health and(42).Many people are so preoccupied with(43)for money that they have no

30、time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship.(44),even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?(45).What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life.If you are kind enough to help others,especially the poor,money is a good thing for you.With it,(46).If you wa

31、nt money just for your own needs,youll never be satisfied or happy.In a word,only if you are generous can money be the source of your happiness.【答案与解析】Exercise 1 【听力原文】What is your(36)favorite color?Do you like yellow,orange,or red?If you do you must be an(37)optimist,a leader.Do you prefer grays an

32、d blues?Then you are(38)probably quiet,shy,and you would rather follow than lead.You tend to be a pessimist.At least,this is what(39)psychologists tell us,and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of color(40)preference,as well as the effect that colors have on human

33、 beings.They tell us,among other facts,that we do not(41)choose our favorite color as we grow up we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown,you did so as soon as you opened your eyes,or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colors do(42)influence our moods there is no doubt abou

34、t it.A yellow room makes most people feel more(43)cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one;and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day.On the other hand,black is depressing.A black bridge over the Thames River,near London,(44)used to be the scene of more suicides than an

35、y other 学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文网校 bridge in the area until it was repainted green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply;perhaps(45)it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.【答案解析】36.空前的形容词性物主代词 your 及空后名词 color 提示，所填词应为形容词，后一句中Do you like yellow?提示本句可能是

36、问你“最喜欢的”颜色是什么，favorite 意为“最喜欢的”。37.空前的不定冠词 an 提示所填词应该是一个以元音因素开头的单数名词。再联系上下文可知，所填词应与后文中的 pessimist(悲观主义者)构成反义复现关系，因此所填词应为optimist，意为“乐观主义者”。38.分析句子结构可知，该句不缺少句子主干，所填词位于形容词 quiet,shy 之前，可能为副词作状语。probably 意为“可能”。39.分析句子结构可知，所填词在 what 引导的表语从句中作主语，且谓语动词为 tell 动词原形，故所填词为名词复数。联系上文可知，告诉我们颜色喜好与人格之间的关系等内容的人应该是

37、心理学家。psychologist 意为“心理学家”。40.联系前文，前面内容是说人们对颜色的喜好，此处也应该是讲他们一直在努力研究颜色喜好(color preference)，此处 color 为名词作定语。preference 意为“喜好”。41.空前的助动词否定形式 do not 提示，所填词应为动词原形。choose 意为“选择”。42.分析句意可知，do 在句子中不作谓语动词，而是起强调作用，故所填词应为动词原形。后文中说一间黄色的房间会比深绿色的更容易使人放松及红色的裙子会给人温暖等，可见这里是在强调颜色会“影响”我们的情绪。influence 意为“影响”。43.and 连接并列

38、结构，故所填词应为形容词，与 relaxed 构成并列关系，且应表示积极向上的意义。cheerful 意为“愉悦的”。44.前一句通过 On the other hand 来表示对比，相对于 yellow 和 red 等暖色调来说，black 使人感到压抑(depressing)。然后本句以伦敦泰晤士河上的一座黑漆大桥为例，说明这一观点。所填句子应为该座黑漆大桥使人压抑的具体表现。【Main Points】used to be a place which had witnessed most suicides in the area 45.空前部分说在这座大桥被漆成绿色以后，试图自杀的人数大量

39、减少。句中分号及 perhaps提示所填句子应该是对这一情况的进一步说明。Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active.It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder,and(46)have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.【Main Points】it would have fallen m

40、ore sharply if the bridge had been painted pink or baby blue 46.前一句说较浅、较明亮的颜色不仅能使人心情愉悦且更积极向上。本句以工人在工厂工作为例说明这一观点。and 连接并列结构，本句已给部分表示工人工作更积极，所填句子也应表示积极的含义。【Main Points】suffer fewer accidents if the machines are painted orange instead of black or grey Exercise 2 【听力原文】Generally,time management refers t

41、o the(36)development of processes and tools that(37)increase efficiency and(38)productivity.In business,time management has morphed into everything from methodologies such as Enterprise Resource Planning through(39)consultant services such as Professional Organizers.When we think of time management,

42、however,we tend to think of(40)personal time management,loosely defined as managing our time to waste less on doing the things we have to do,so we have more time to do the things we want to do.学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文网校 Therefore,time management is often thought of or(41)presented as a set of time management

43、skills;the theory is that once we (42)master the time management skills,well be more organized,efficient,and happier.Personal time management skills include goal setting,planning,prioritizing,decisionmaking,delegating,and(43)scheduling.Many people find that time management tools,such as PIM software

44、 and PDAs,help them manage their time more effectively.For instance,(44)a PDA can make it easier to schedule and keep track of events and appointments.Whether(45)you use technological time management tools or plain old pen and paper,however,the first step in effective time management is(46)analyzing

45、 how you currently spend your time and deciding how you want to change.【答案解析】36.空前的定冠词 the 及空后的介词 of 提示所填词应为名词。development 意为(发展)。37.分析句子结构可知所填词在 that 引导的定语从句中作谓语，故所填词应为动词，主语 that指代 tools 为复数形式，且全文为一般现在时态，因此所填词为动词原形。increase 意为“增加，提高”。38.and 连接并列结构，所填词应为名词，与 efficiency 并列作宾语。productivity 意为“产量”。39.空

46、前的介词 through 及空后的名词 services 提示，所填词应为形容词或名词，作定语修饰该名词。consultant 意为“顾问”。40.空前的介词 of 及空后的名词短语 time management 提示所填词应为形容词。personal 意为“个人的”。41.空前的选择性并列连词 or 提示，所填词应为动词的过去分词，与 thought of 构成并列关系。present 意为“呈现”。42.分析句子结构可知，所填词在 once 引导的条件状语从句中作谓语，结合主语 we 及全文的一般现在时态可知，所填词应为动词原形。联系前后文可知，本句是说一旦我们“掌握”了这种时间管理技巧

47、。master 意为“掌握”。43.空前的并列连词and提示，所填词也应为动名词形式，与goal setting,planning,prioritizing,decisionmaking,delegating 构成并列关系。scheduling 意为“计划，安排”。44.前一句说很多人发现一些时间管理工具能够帮助他们更有效地安排时间，紧接着通过短语 For instance 表示所填句子要举例说明这一观点。【Main Points】you can use a PDA to schedule and keep track of your events and appointments 45.分析

48、句子结构可知，所填句子应为 whether 引导的让步状语从句。【Main Points】you use technological tools or merely an old pen and paper to manage time 46.结合句子结构及大意可知，所填句子可能为动名词短语结构、不定式短语或表语从句。【Main Points】to analyze how you are spending your time and decide how you want to change Exercise 3 【听力原文】In the last 500 years,nothing abou

49、t people their clothes,ideas,or(36)languages has changed as much as what they eat.The(37)original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians.The Spanish(38)introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s.Although it was very expensive,it quickly becam

50、e(39)fashionable.In London,shops where chocolate drinks were(40)served became important meeting places.Some still exist today.The potato is also from the New World.Around 1600,the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe,where it soon was(41)widely grown.Ireland became so(42)dependent on it that thous