2020考研英语二真题及答案.docx

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1、 页眉内容2020 年英语（二）考研真题及参考答案Section IUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blankand mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Being a good parents is of course, what every parent would like to be. Butdefining what it means to be a good parent is

2、undoubtedly very_(1),particularlysince children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than_(2),a younger sibling._(3),Theres another sort of parent that s a bit easier to_(4)a patientparent. Children of e

3、very age benefit from patient parenting. Still, _(5)everyparent would like to be patient, this is no easy _(6).Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a_(7) and composed style with their kids. I understand this.Youre only human, and sometimes your kids can _(8) you

4、just a little toofar. And then the _(9)happens: You lose your patience and either scream at yourkids or say something that was a bit too_(10) and does nobody any good. Youwish that you could _(11) the clock and start over, weve all been there._(12), even though its common, its important to keep in m

5、ind that in asingle moment of fatigue. you can say something to your child that you may_(13)for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with.your child but also _(14)your childs self-esteem.If you consistently lose your _(15)with your kids. then you are inadvertentlymodeling a

6、lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasinglyaware of the _(16)of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionallyregulate or maintain emotional control when _(17)by str

7、ess is one of the mostimportant of all lifes skills.Certainly, its incredibly _(18)to maintain patience at all times with your15页脚内容 页眉内容children. A more practical goal is to try to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant andcomposed as you can when faced with _(19)situations involving your chil

8、dren. Ican promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal. you and your childrenwill benefit and _(20)from stressful moments feeling better physically andemotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occa

9、sionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D

10、vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted

11、18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape15页脚内容 页眉内容Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the

12、ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others sothat can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if thisextends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego,and her colleagues

13、 tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat - one social and oneasocial for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkierversion of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful mark

14、ings.During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to sideNext, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave th

15、e rats theopportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average toset the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived thesocial robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with th

16、e socialrobot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. Thiscould lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robotto return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising

17、given itsminimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simpleplastic box on wheels.“We d assumed we d have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasntnecessary, ”says Janet Wiles at the Unive

18、rsity of Queensland in Australia, who helpedwith the research.15页脚内容 页眉内容The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they comefrom basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“ We humans

19、seem to be fascinatedby robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can_A pick up social signals from non-living ratsB distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile oneC attain sociable traits through special trainingD send out w

20、arning messages to their fellow22. What did the social robot do during the experiment?A It followed the social robot.B It played with some toys.C It set the trapped rats free.D It moved around alone.23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they_A tried to practice a means o

21、f escapeB expected it to do the same in returnC wanted to display their intelligenceD considered that an interesting game24. James Wiles notes that rats_A can remember other rats facial featuresB differentiate smells better than sizesC respond more to cations than to looksD can be scared by a plasti

22、c box on wheels25. It can be learned from the text that rats_A appear to be adaptable to new surroundings15页脚内容 页眉内容B are more socially active than other animalsC behave differently from children in socializingD are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText 2It is true that CEO pay has gone up

23、-top ones may make 300 times the pay oftypical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publiclytraded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% Thetypical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.The best model for unde

24、rstanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEOtalent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of Americas highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamicelements of the global economy. Its not popular to say, but one reason their pay hasg

25、one up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many otherworkers in the U.S. economy.Todays CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skillsthan simply being able to“run the company CEOs must have a good sense offinancial markets and maybe even how the company

26、 should trade in them. They alsoneed better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minorslipup can be significant. Then there s the fact that large American companies aremuch more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a largernumber of countrie

27、s. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farlymind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this majorCEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesntexplain history ver

28、y well. By most measures, corporate governmance has become alot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period ofstronger govemnance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in thebroader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasi

29、ngly tough jobs.”Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to thecozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation atthe expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively whencompanies tie CEO pay to, say, stoc

30、k prices, a sign that those practices build up15页脚内容 页眉内容corporate value not just for the CEO.26. Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A The growth in the number of corporationsB The general pay rise with a better economyC Increased business opportunities for top firmsD Close coope

31、ration among leading economies27. Compared with their predecessors, todays CEOs are required to_A foster a stronger sense of teamworkB finance more research and developmentC establish closer ties with tech companiesD operate more globalized companies28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despit

32、e_A continual internal oppositionB strict corporate governanceC conservative business strategiesD Repeated government warnings29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps_A confirm the status of CEOsB motivate inside candidatesC boost the efficiency of CEOsD increase corporate value30

33、. The most suitable title for this text would be_A CEOs Are Not OverpaidB CEO Pay: Past and PresentC CEOs challenges of Today15页脚内容 页眉内容D CEO Traits: Not Easy to DefineText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled outambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.

34、 Seven months and one election daylater, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, afirst step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez -Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepieceof his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quali

35、ty. A judge has nowoverruled the city s decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But withlegal battles ahead, the zones future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackledirty air on their own are politically contentious, and t

36、herefore vulnerable. That sbecause they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers 一who must pay fees or buy better vehicles 一 rather than on to the car manufacturerswhose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.Its not hard to imagine a similar reversal happenin

37、g in London. The newultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next years mayoralelection. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roadsin 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger numberof motorists who will then

38、be affected.Its not that measures such as Londons Ulez are useless. Far from it. Localofficials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents health inthe face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality,and the science tells us that means real

39、 health benefits - fewer heart attacks, strokesand premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is farbigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments 一Britain s and others

40、across Europe - have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas - city centres, 。school streets, even individual roads - are a response to the absence of a larger effortto properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring theirvehicles i

41、nto compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise15页脚内容 页眉内容pollution. We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31. Which of the following is true about Madrids clean air zone?A Its effects are questionableB It has been opposed by a judgeC It n

42、eeds tougher enforcementD Its fate is yet to be decided32. Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?A They are biased against car manufacturers.B They prove impractical for city councils.C They are deemed too mild for politicians.D They put too much burden on ind

43、ividual motorists.33. The author believes that the extension of Londons Ulez will .A arouse strong resistance.B ensure Khans electoral success.C improve the city s traffic.D discourage car manufacturing.34. Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?A Local residentsB Mayors.C Counc

44、ilors.D National governments.35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies.A will raise low-emission car productionB should be forced to follow regulationsC will upgrade the design of their vehicles15页脚内容 页眉内容D should be put under public supervisionText4Now that members of Gener

45、ation Z are graduating college this springthe mostcommonly-accepted definition says this generation was bom after 1995, give or take ayear-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit thestreets looking for work in a labor market thats tighter than its been in decad

46、es. Andemployers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in theU.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Associationof Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will sooninhabit those empty office cubicles will diff

47、er from those who came before them.Ifentitledis the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials(those bom between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practicaland cautious. According to the career counselors and expert who study them,Generation Zs are clear -eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into th