2022年中考英语短文改错考点详解及真题解析.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神中考英语短文改错考点详解及真题解析一. 中考英语短文改错考点 非谓语动词错误非谓语动词包括不定式、分词、动名词 3 种形式；如：1 In 1943 Jacques Coustean and his friend the scuba machine. 杭州市中考题 made it possible by invent 说明 invent 改为 inventing,inventing 是动名词,作介词 by 的宾语；2 Many people like travel by air, bu t Jim s family thin

2、k that traveling by train is the best. 杭州市中考题 说明 travel 改为 to travel 或 traveling,不定式或动名词作动词 like的动词宾语；3 Many countries began look for ways to go into space. 广元市中考题 说明 look 改为 looking或 to look ,不定式或动名词作动词began 的动词宾语4 School children walked with their shirts,coasts and anything else they could find pu

3、ll up over their noses. 苏州市中考题 说明 pull 改为 pulled ,“ with+ 宾语 +动词的过去分词” 结构作相伴状语, with 结构中宾语与动词之间是规律被动关系；5 The people of the desert have to keep move from place to place. 重庆市中考题 说明 move改为 moving,keep doing sth有“ 连续做某事” 的意思；二. 中考英语短文改错考点 比较等级错误 1 It is much cheap and far more enjoyable than a rushed tr

4、ip by air. 杭州市中考题 说明 cheap 改为 cheaper , much, far , still, a little, a bit修饰形容词或副词的比较级,加强语气；2 They made people healthier and live long. 广元市中考题 名师归纳总结 说明 long 改为比较级形式longer ,与 healthier是平行结构；第 1 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神形容词、副词的误用主要指形容词,副词的混用；3 Scientists wanted to see

5、how good their bodies worked when they had different things. 说明 good 改为 well ,well 作副词,修饰动词 worked. 4 By this time most people had a very well life. 广元市中考题 说明 well 改为 good, good 作形容词,修饰名词 life. 三. 中考英语短文改错考点 句法错误1. 并列连词的混用1 The world was known to man and the universe was not. 广元市中考题 说明依据行文规律,表示并列关系的

6、 and 应改为表示转折关系的 but. 2 Coustean was very interested in diving deep into the sea, but wanted to be an explorer. 杭州市中考题 说明依据行文规律,表示转折关系的 but 应改为表示并列关系的 and. 3 They would never refuse to help people in trouble , but they would give them food and water. 重庆市中考题 说明依据行文规律,表示表示转折关系的 and. but 应改为表示并列关系的4 He

7、has been to many interesting places in Beijing, and he has not yet been to many other parts of China. 杭州市中考题 说明依据行文规律,表示并列关系的 and 应改为表示转折关系的 but. 5 “ So something must be done to keep the air nice or clean ,” said the scientists. 苏州市中考题 说明依据行文规律,表示挑选关系的 or 应改为表示并列关系的 and. 6 “ I know only a chicken i

8、s too little for a king s evening meal. But I have brought a wolf for you besides the chicken.说明依据行文规律,表示表示转折关系的 So. ” 郴州市中考题 But 应改为表示因果关系的名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神2. 连接词的用法错误这类错误考查句子与句子之间的关系；连接词的使用错误往往会使句子的逻辑关系发生转变, 甚至造成句子的语义规律纷乱； 要想把这类错误订正出来,需要考生对上下文有总体的

9、懂得,头脑中有个大致的框架；如：1 They had a wonderful train ride to Chengdu after they went on to Mount Emei by bus. 杭州市中考题 说明依据句子的意思将 after 改为 before ,表示“ 他们坐汽车去峨眉山之前,开心地坐火车先到了成都” ；2 The result is that they eat a light breakfast better. 镇江市中考题 , they will work 说明在 that 后增加 if 或 when . 在表语从句 that if / when they ea

10、t a light breakfast, they will work better 中,包含有 if 或 when引导的状语从句,修饰句子 they will work better.们少量地吃点早餐,会工作得更杰出；句子翻译成： 试验 结果是假如他3 Its different from how people think. 镇江市中考题 说明将 how 改为 what,what people think 词 what 在从句中充当宾语,有“ 的” 之意；是一个宾语从句,疑问代四. 中考英语短文改错考点 时态与语态错误 1. 时态考点错误时态错误几乎是短文改错中必设的改错题类；要有目的地去检

11、查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一样；如：1 “ You are my younger brother. You had it at first.” 郴州市中考题 说明 had 改为 have,由于这是一个一般现在时态的句子；2 Last week he goes to Mount Emei in Sichuan Province with his family. 杭州市中考题 说明 goes 改为 went,与一般过去时态的时间状语 last week保持一样；3 Not too long ago, people canor anywhere else.

12、 杭州市中考题 t go scuba diving on Hainan Island ,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 说明 can读书破万卷下笔如有神not too long t 改为 couldn t ,与一般过去时态的时间状语ago 保持一样；2. 语态考点错误汉语表达习惯上有时不加“ 被” 字也能表示被动意义,语态不敏锐；如：因而有些考生对被动1 “ Many thousands of trees must be plant every year 安徽省中考题 ,” he said. 说明 plant 改

13、为 planted ,构成被动语态；2 “ Sand can be sweeping into the air when there is a drought ” 苏州市中考题 说明 sweeping 改为 swept,构成被动语态；3 He also was liked to make videos. 说明将 was删去,由于这不是一个被动句；五. 中考英语短文改错考点 一样性错误 1. 主谓一样 句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上不一样是改错题型中最为常见的；如：1 This were because there was no machine allowing a person to breat

14、he under water for a long time. 杭州市中考题 were 改为 was. 说明指示代词 this 作主语,谓语动词用单数,因此将 2 The desert people is friendly. 重庆市中考题 说明 people 作主语时,谓语动词必需用复数,因此将 is 改为 are. 2. 名词单、复数与其修饰词或上下文保持一样 名词的单、复数与其修饰词语或上下文不一样也是中考常设的改错题；做这 类题目时要留意名词是否与其修饰语一样；如：1 The animals are useful to the desert people in many way. 重庆

15、市中考题 名师归纳总结 说明名词 way改为 ways,与前面的修饰词many一样；第 4 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神2 As he explored the sea, he took pictures and videos of many thing that people had never seen before. 杭州市中考题 说明 thing 改为 things ,与前面的修饰词 many一样；有的名词一般不用复数形式, 但受到某些量词,如 many, several , a number of

16、, a variety of 等修饰时,要变成复数形式；3 They were given kinds of breakfast breakfast at all. 镇江市中考题 , and sometimes they got no 说明修饰语 kinds of常修饰复数名词,所以breakfast应改为breakfasts. 表示事物类别时,名词用复数形式；4 School child walked with their shirts, coats and anything else they could find pulled up over their nose. 苏州市中考题 说明

17、child 改为 children ,表示名词类别“ 同学”;nose 改成 noses,与限定词 their 保持一样；5 The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over disease. 广元市中考题 说明 disease 改为 diseases ,表示名词类别“ 疾病” ；3. 代词与其修饰的名词或其先行词保持一样1 Too many trees have been cut this years. 苏州市中考题 说明 this改为 these , 与后面的复数名词years 保持一样

18、；2 They use camels for carrying water things. 重庆市中考题 , food , tents and another 说明 another 改为 other , 由于 another 常修饰单数可数名词；代词的主要功能是指代前面显现过的名词、词组或一个意群, 因此代词肯定要同它所指代的词在单复数、格或人称上保持一样,这是代词改错的核心；3 He bought a ship and used them to explore under the sea. 杭州 市中考题 名师归纳总结 说明 them 改为 it ,指代前面的单数名词a ship. 第 5

19、页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神六. 中考英语短文改错考点 固定搭配错误1 When there is not more food for their animals , they move to another place. 重庆市中考题 说明 not 改为 no, 固定词组 no more 表示“ 不再 ” 的意思；2 It s because you become very hungry at noon that you eat too much for lunch. 镇江市中考题 说明 very 改为 s

20、o,so+形容词 / 副词+that 结果状语从句；3 This was because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for long time. 杭州市中考题 说明 for long time 改为 for a long time,表示“ 一段时间” ；4 Coustean was very interested on diving deep into the sea, 说明 on 改为 in ,固定词组 be interested in 表示“ 在 方面 有爱好” ；这是一个介词 固定搭配 方面

21、的错误,介词的误用主要指介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配、介词惯用词组等方面产生的错误；如：5 On my way home, I found an old man walking in the front of me. 娄底市中考题 说明介词短语 in the front of 表示“ 在 的前部” ,而 in front of 就表示“ 在 的前面” ；6 We visited him at his workplace between the young trees and asked him about his work. 安徽省中考题 说明 between 改为 among, betwe

22、en 表示“ 两者之间” ,而 among就表示“ 三者或三者以上之中” ；7 And he ran slowly that he couldnt catch it. 娄底市中考题 说明在 ran 与 slowly 两词之间加 so. 七. 中考英语短文改错考点 易混词错误1. 混淆词性的错误词性错误主要表现在形容词、名词、副词的误用上；考生做这类改错题,要依据词在句中所处的位置来确定其词性是否正确；一般说来,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词,副词修饰形容词；如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷下笔如有神重

23、庆市1 The animals are use to the desert people in many ways. 中考题 说明 use 改为 useful ,useful 是形容词,作表语；2 The desert people are friend. 重庆市中考题 说明 friend 改为 friendly,friendly 是形容词,作表语；2. 混淆词义的错误英语中有许多词在拼写上、 语义上很相像, 但是它们的用法却迥然不同； 如：1 They must always watch for grass or desert plants for their animals. 重庆市中考题

24、 说明 watch 改为 look. 两个动词都表示“ 看” 的意思,但前者表示“ 很留意地” 看,后者与介词 for 连用有“ 查找” 之意；2 We visited him at his workplace among the young trees and told him about his work. 安徽省中考题 说明 told 改为 asked. 依据上下文,用 asked“ 询问” 更合适；3 The wind was blowing so hardly. 娄底市中考题 说明 hardly 改为 hard ,这两个词词形很接近,但它们表达的是不同的意思,hardly 是否定副词

25、, 有“ 几乎不” 的意思, 而 hard 就表示“ 猛烈地” 之意；4 We know that the first part of the 20th century saw more large inventions： the helicopter in 1909, movies with sound in 1926, the computer in 1928 and the jet plane in 1930. 广元市中考题 说明 large 改为 great.large 大的” 的意思；3. 混淆用法的错误表示 “ 体积 大” ,而 great 就有“ 伟仍有一些在意义,概念上简单混淆

26、、用错的词,如：such 与 so, ago 与before , as 与 like , many 与 much等；如：1 Too much trees have been cut these years problem worse. 苏州市中考题 , making the sandstorm 说明 much改为 many,前者常用来修饰不行数名词,后者修饰可数名词；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神八. 中考英语短文改错考点 时态动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一样；例 1：The

27、time passes quickly. Evening came. So all of us went home. 分析：其次句动词came 及下文其他动词的形式表示此处时态为一般过去时,所以 passes 应改为 passed. 例 2：Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York. 分析：Last Sunday说明该句应用一般过去时,所以hurry 应改为 hurried. 例 3：Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past

28、. 分析： in the past表示过去时间, is 应改为 was. 例 4：I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football. 分析：从“but now ” 的规律性可看出,“ 现在我对足球感爱好,打乒乓球是在过去” ,所以 use 应改为 used. 九. 中考英语短文改错考点 主谓一样与平行结构一、主谓一样谓语动词的单复数形式要与句子的主语保持一样；例 1：Anyone may borrow books , and it cost nothing to borrow

29、them. 分析： it 为单数,且依据句子前面的时态可知为一般现在时,所以 cost 应改为 costs. 例 2：Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. 分析： my picture and the prize 二、平行结构为复数,所以 is 应改为 are. 在表达相互平行的概念时, 要使用相同的语法结构, 即动词与动词相配, 形 容词与形容词相配, 分词与分词相配, 不定式与不定式相配； 平行结构常借助 于 and, but , or , not only but also 等连词；例如：There is no w

30、ater and air on the moon. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神分析：在否定句中,并列成分的列举用 or 不用 and. 故将 and 改为 or. 例 2：Li Ping is too young that he cant join the army.分析：so that 意为“ 如此 以致” , 为固定句式, 故将 too 改为 so. 例 3：It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and

31、 drove me to their home. 致；分析：依据 and 的对称性原就,应将 drove 改为 drive ,与前面的 meet 一十. 中考英语短文改错考点 介词考点介词在单句改错中主要考查介词与动词或副词的误用,以及在固定结构和习惯用法中的余外与遗漏；例如：例 1：There are too many people among my family. 分析： among后应接复数名词,而family为单数名词,所以among应改为in. 例 2：We do not seem to get much time to talk about together. 分析： talk 后

32、边无宾语,所以应删去 about. 例 3：I wanted to thank you for have me in your home for the Summer holidays. 分析： for 为介词,后接动名词, have 应改为 having. 例 4：So I m really sorry that I wont be able to come in this time. 分析： this time 为习惯用法,前边不行加介词,故应去掉 in. 十一 . 中考英语短文改错考点 连词考点连词使用不当会造成上下句不连接； 英语中连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词；如句子为复合句,

33、 第一判定是何种从句, 然后依据主从句之间的关 系判定连接词使用是否精确,是否有遗漏或余外现象; 如句子为并列句就要判定句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、挑选、递进仍是让步关系；例如：例 1：The food was very expensive and the service was good. 名师归纳总结 分析：前后语境为转折关系,所以and 应改为 but. 第 9 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神例 2：It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the moun

34、tain. 分析：仔细分析语境可知该句句意为：当我们到达山脚时大约已是正午；显然 noon 后应加连词 when来引导一个时间状语从句；例 3：She was smiling but nodding at me. 分析： smiling , nodding 为递进式并列关系,而不是转折关系,所以 but 应改为 and. 例 4：It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. 分析：该句句意为：看起来我的父母亲把我当成了参观者或客人了,所以 and 应改为 or ,表“ 或者” ,属挑选性规律关系；中考英语短文改错考点

35、形容词与副词考点 十二. 在单句改错中,形容词和副词的设错主要用来考查考生是否能依据形容词、副词在句中的位置及其他词的修饰与被修饰关系来判定词的正确使用形式,是 否能辨别形容词和副词的混淆使用,形容词的比较等级是否使用正确等；例如：例 1 ：I m sure we ll have a wonderfully time together. wonderfully 应改为 分析： time 为名词,应用形容词修饰,所以 wonderful. 例 2：No one worries much about the radio programs young people listen to ,althou

36、gh radios can be very noise. 分析： be 为连系动词,应用形容词修饰,所以 noise 应改为 noisy. 例 3 ：He is taller than any student in his class. 分析：同一范畴内, 形容词的比较级必需把自己排除掉,即自己不能与自己相比,故需在 any 后加 other. 例 4：This box is very heavier than that one. 分析：比较级前面一般不能用 very ,so,too ,quite 等作修饰词,但为了表示比较级的程度,可以用 much,a lot ,a little,a bit

37、 ,even,still 等作修饰词,所以将句中的very 去掉或将其改为 much等；十三 . 中考英语短文改错考点 代词考点名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神代词的错误主要表现在是用宾格、主格仍是全部格, 是用反身代词仍是物主代词等 ; 代词所指代的内容要与先行词在性和数方面保持一样,要与其自身的 指代在意义上保持一样；例如：例 1：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. 分析： the Smiths意为“ 史密斯一家人” ,依据

38、主语为复数,his 应改为their. 例 2：And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game. 分析：依据从句主语we及句意可知,主句主语they 应改为 we. 例 3：The day before the match,English teacher talked to me. 分析： English teacher 为可数名词,前面缺少限定词修饰,依据句意可知 应在 English teacher 前加上 my. 例 4：One day I wrote a little story and sh

39、owed to my teacher. 分析： showed后应加 it ,代替前面的 a little story. 十四 . 中考英语短文改错考点 冠词考点冠词是英语中特有的词类； 由于汉语中没有与之相对的词, 所以冠词的考查始终是中考的热点； 冠词的常见考点有： 不定冠词 a, an 与定冠词的误用 ; 冠词 的泛指与特指 ; 固定搭配和习惯用法中冠词的有无等；例 1：As everyone knows, it and animals. s famous mountain with all kinds of plants 分析：依据语境,该句含义为“ 众所周知,这是一座名山,上面有着各种

40、动 植物” ,因此 famous 前应加不定冠词 a. 例 2：Good health is persons most valuable possession.分析：依据语境,该句含义为“ 健康的身体是一个人最大的财宝” ,因此 person 前应加不定冠词 a. 例 3：Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. 分析： captain 后有定语从句修饰,明显表特指,所以 captain 前边应加定冠词 the. 例 4：Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teach

41、er. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 分析： catch sight of 读书破万卷下笔如有神a. 为习惯表达,应删去句中的例 5：We may be one family and live under a same roof. 分析： the same 为习惯表达, a 应改为 the. 例 6：My teacher advised me to keep my diary. 名师归纳总结 分析： keep a diary为习惯表达,所以my应改为 a. 第 12 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -