2022年人教版八年级下英语第一二单元知识点总结.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Unit 1 Will people have robots. 词汇（ 1）人民训练出版社1. fall v. come or go down from force of weight, loss of balance, etc; drop; become 落下；跌落；变成示例The book fell off the shelf. 这本书从架子上掉了下来；用法fall 用作动词时,主要有两种用法；一种是作为实义动词,可以和介词或副词搭配,表示“落下；跌落 ”,例如： I fell back in my chair. 我跌坐到自己的椅子上；另一

2、种是作为系动词,与形容词连用,表示进入某种状态,如：fall asleep 入睡（进入睡眠的状态）；fall 的动词过去式是 fallen；fall 用作名词时, 表示 “落下；降低 ” ,例如： I sat listening to the fall of the rain on the roof. 我坐着听雨点落在屋檐上的声音；fall 仍可以表示 “秋天 ”,与 autumn 意思相同；词汇扩展常用搭配： fall asleep 入睡 fall behind 落后于（某人或某物）fall down 跌落 fall in love with 宠爱；爱上 fall off 掉下 fall o

3、ver 跌落；被绊倒谚语： He who does not advance falls backward. 不进就退； Pride goes before a fall. 骄兵必败；2. alone adv. Without any companions 独自地；孤独地示例I dont like going out alone after dark. 我不情愿天黑后独自外出；用法解析 along 和 lonely：（1）alone 既可用作形容词,又可用作副词,意思是“ 独自的（地）；单独的（地）”,侧重于说明独自一人,没有同伴或助手；alone 和 on ones own,by onesel

4、f 意思相近； alone 用作形容词时,一般与 be 动词连用,在句中作表语；例如：She is alone at home. 她独自一人在家；alone 用作副词修饰动词时,放在动词后面作状语；例如： I like to work alone. 我宠爱独自一人工作；alone 用作副词时,也可作定语,意思是“只有；仅仅 ” ,但必需置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后；例如：年,我们已经载了一万颗树；This year alone, weve already planted ten thousand trees. 仅是今（2）lonely 只用作形容词,它在句中既可作定语,也可作表语,表示“孤独的

5、；孤寂的 ”；该词带有 “孤寂 ”的感情颜色；用作定语时,意思为“孤独的；荒芜的；偏僻的”等；例如： Thats a lonely island. 那是一个荒芜的岛屿； Lonely 用作表语时,可以表示 人,但我并不感到孤独；词汇拓展“孤寂的；孤寂的 ”；例如： I was alone but I didnt feel lonely. 我独自一常用搭配： let / leave somebody / something alone 不干涉某人或某物；听其自然 let alone 不管；不必考虑 谚语： An evil chance seldom comes alone. 祸不单行3. dre

6、ss v. put clothes on yourself or someone else 穿衣 示例 Is she old enough to dress herself yet. 她会自己穿衣服了吗？1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 用法dress仍可以用作名词,表示“ 女服；连衣裙；服装”；例如： Mary wore a long red dress last evening. 玛丽昨晚穿了件红色的连衣长裙；辨析 dress,put on 和 wear：（1）用作动词时, dress既可以表动作,也可以表

7、状态,常用人作宾语,意思是“ , 穿衣服”,例如： She is only a girl of three. She cant dress herself. 她只是一个三岁的女孩,她仍不能自己穿衣服；需要留意的是,在 表示 “给自己穿衣 ” 时,我们通常说 dress oneself = get dressed；当 dress表示状态时, 一般要用 be dressed in 结 构,例如： She was dressed in a red coat. 她穿着一件红色的上衣；（2）put on 意思是 “穿（戴） 上”,强调动作；例如： He put on his coat and went

8、out. 他穿上外套就出去了；（3）wear 意思是 “穿（戴）着 ”,强调状态；例如：经常戴着一副眼镜；词汇扩展Lucys mother often wears a pair of glasses. 露西的母亲常用搭配： dress somebody up in something / as somebody or something 化妆装扮 谚语： Eat to please myself, but dress to please others. 吃是使自己受用,穿是使别人受用；Unit 1 Will people have robots. 词汇（ 2）人民训练出版社 1. unplea

9、sant adj. not pleasant; not enjoyable 使人不开心的；不合意的 示例 There is an unpleasant smell from this room. 这屋子里散发出一种难闻的气味；用法unpleasant可以表示 “令人不快的；厌恶的 厌极了；词汇拓展相关词： unpleasantly adv. 厌恶地 反义词： pleasant adj. 令人开心的 记忆导航”,例如： I found his manner very unpleasant. 我觉得他的态度讨unpleasant 是由 pleasant 加上否定前缀un-构成的；类似这种构词法的词

10、仍有：able 有才能的 unable没有才能的； happy 兴奋的 unhappy 不兴奋的；2. hundred n. the number 100; a very large number of things or people （一）百；很多（事物或人）示例The tree was probably a hundred years old. 这棵树可能已经有一百年了；Hundreds of people attended the famous directors farewell concert. 好几百人出席了这位闻名指挥家的辞别音乐会；2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -

11、第 2 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 用法hundred 用于数词或含有数量意义的词之后,一般不用复数形式,例如：three hundred, a few hundred 等；但当 hundred 表示 “成百的； 很多的 ”意思时, 它面前不用详细数字,而常用 hundreds of 结构；留意 hundred 在这个结构中要用复数形式,前面可加 some,a few,several 等词修饰； 例如：Her coat cost hundreds of dollars. 她的外套价值几百美元；类似的搭配仍有 thousands of数以千计的；很多的,mi

12、llions of 数以百万计的；很多的；词汇拓展谚语： One good head is better than a hundred strong hands. 上百双有力的手,不如一个聪慧的头脑；To hear a hundred times is not so good as to see once. 百闻不如一见；3. such adj. of the same kind as the thing or person which has already been mentioned 这（那）样的；这（那）种示例He noticed her necklace. Such jewels m

13、ust have cost a lot, he thought. 他留意到了她的项链；他想,这样的首饰确定价格不菲；用法辨析 such 和 so：（1）such 是形容词,意思是“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”,修饰名词；例如：I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 我从未见过这么美的地方；需要特殊留意的是,依据如下词序： such + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词；such 修饰单数可数名词时,应当（2）so 是副词, 意思是 “这（那）么；这（那） 样；如此地 ”,修饰形容词、 副词和分词； 例如： I have

14、never seen so beautiful a place before. 我从未见过这么美的地方；同样, 需要特殊留意的是,so 修饰单数可数名词时,应当依据如下词序：so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词；此外,当名词前有 few, many,little ,much 等修 饰词时,要用 so；例如： so many people, so few days,so much time,so little money 等；词汇拓展 常用搭配： such as 例如 such and such 某某；这样那样的 谚语： Theres no such thing as a fre

15、e lunch. 世上没有免费的午餐；Unit 1 Will people have robots. 词汇（ 3）人民训练出版社1. in prep. 在 之后（用于将来时）in 100 years 在一百年后 People will have robots in their homes in 100 years.一百年以后,人们家中会有机器人；比较： after 在 之后（用于过去时,表示从过去某时间起一段时间之后）He will come back in two hours. 他两小时后会回来；He came back after two hours. 他是两小时后回来的； 2. less

16、, fewer 比较少； more 比较多 less 是 little 的比较级,修饰不行数名词 fewer 是 few 的比较级,修饰可数名词 more 是 much 和 many 的比较级3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - much 修饰不行数名词,many 修饰可数名词 I have less money than he has. 我的钱比他的少；There are more building in this city than in that city. 这个城市的楼房比那个城市多； 3. fall in

17、 love with . 爱上 Last year I visited the art exhibition and fell in love with the work of Picasso. 去年我参观了艺术展,爱上了毕加索的作品；4. a kind of . 一种； some kinds of . 几种 a kind of book 一种书 five kinds of flowers 五种花 many different kinds of goldfish 各种不同的金鱼（fish 单复数相同,此处是复数）5. as well as 也；与 too 同义 He likes this bo

18、ok and he likes that book, too. / He likes this book as well as that book. 他宠爱这本书,也宠爱那 本书；She can come here, too. / She can come here as well. 她也能来；6. worth adj. 值 ；值得 ；相当于 价值 This house is worth $10 000. 这个房子价值一万美元； be well worth doing sth. （很）值得做 That film is well worth seeing. 那部电影（很）值得看；These bo

19、oks are worth reading twice. 这几本书值得看两遍；7. knock down . 击倒,撞倒；拆除 knock down the pins 击倒球柱 knock down the machine 拆除机器 knock 组成的词语仍有： knock on at the door 敲门 knock into sb. 撞了某人 knock up 叫醒 词汇（ 4）Unit 1 Will people have robots. 人民训练出版社1. prediction n. 预言,猜测 predict v. predict + that 后接从句,如 The weather

20、 forecast predicts sunshine for tomorrow. 天气预报说明天阳光明媚；I predict that he will win. 我猜测他会赢；4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2. paper money paper n. 纸,纸张,是不行数名词,如 a piece of paper；paper money 中 paper 是名词做定语,表材质,只用单数；newspaper n. 报纸,可数名词3. space n. 表示 “宇宙,空间时 ”,不行数名词；通常前面不用冠词；T

21、here are many stars in outer space. 在太空中有很多恒星；Travel through space to other planets interests many people. 现在很多人对穿越太空去其他星球旅行感爱好；4. besides prep. 除了 仍；相当于as well as, in addition to；如：Besides basketball, he also plays soccer well. 除了打篮球以外,他踢足球也踢得很好；All of us passed besides John. 除了约翰外,我们也都及格了；I also w

22、ent there besides Mary.除了玛丽我也去了；Unit 1 Will people have robots. 语言要点广东省训练厅教研室1. - What do you think Sally will be in five years.- I think shell be a doctor.2. - What do you think life will be like in 100 years.- Every home will have a robot.3. - Will kids go to school.- No, they wont. Theyll study a

23、t home.4. - There will be fewer trees.5. robot, credit card, leisure time, pollution, astronaut, apartment, rockets, space station, moon, fewer, less, fall in love with, World Cup, in the future, the same as, help withUnit 1 Will people have robot. 写作人民训练出版社学校要举办 My future is not a dream. 的演讲竞赛,请你写一

24、篇演讲稿参与竞赛；参考句型及词汇：In ten years or more, I will .5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - try, study hard, keep fit, work well, make achievement, achieve success .写作点拨：写演讲稿时应留意：1. 就本文来说可先描述对将来的畅想,然后写为了实现这样的理想应当如何去做,最终说明自己的决心；2. 畅想将来时,应用一般讲来时；参考范文：My Future is not a dream.Future. What

25、 an exciting word.Very often I ask myself: What will the future be like. Sometimes I sit at my desk, daydreaming. Could I make great achievement in the future. Will my future be a bed of rose. Can I grasp the chances when they come to me.In ten years or more, will I be working as a scientist, a teac

26、her or a soldier. After work, what other things can I do. Maybe I can go to many places and see the world. And Ill have more leisure hours for books. There are so many books I want to read. Ill go swimming in the real sea, and to skate on real ice.Facing the future, I couldnt help feeling excited. A

27、s a junior middle school student, first of all I must study hard, keep fit and work well. Furthermore, I will learn English well. Ill do my best and Im sure Ill achieve success. I feel confident for my future.Unit 1 Will people have robots. 阅读（ 1）人民训练出版社Read the following passage and Choose the best

28、 answers读短文,挑选正确答案；People began to make robots about several hundred years ago. In the past, some of the early ones looked like animals or humans. However, they couldnt talk and were pretty dumb. They worked like clocks and did the same things over and over.Now modern robots dont always look like pe

29、ople. Some are like big machines; others are nothing but long arms attached to boxy 箱子般四方 bodies. However, modern robots are smart. Some can solve problems on their own. Their brains are computers and their eyes are sensors 传感器 . Motors 发动机 help them move.In the future, robots will learn from their

30、mistakes more than they do now. They will be smarter. Its possible that we will have robot judges, robot house-hold workers, and robot factory workers. Robots will help people to do more things. 1 How long is the history of robots. AHundreds of yearsBSeveral hundred yearsCSeven hundreds years 2 What

31、s the possible meaning of dumb.6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - ATalking like people BClever CUnintelligent 3 Most robots look like people AIn the past BNow CIn the future 4 Which of the following is false about modern robots. ASome robots can solve problems on their ownBSo

32、me robots are like big machinesCSome robots brains are sensors 5 What cant robots do in the future according to the passage. AThey can help people do housework BThey can work in factory CThey can have brains as people参考答案：1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. CUnit 1 Will people have robots. 阅读（ 2）人民训练出版社Write T f

33、or true or F for faIse for each sentence according to the passage依据短文判定对错；Robots seem very new to most peopleBut they have a long historyThe first one was made by a Greek inventor. You may see robots in some films. The robots in these films are stronger, faster and cleverer than people. In real life

34、, most robots are used in factories. They are used to do many dangerous, difficult or boring jobs. Some people cant look after themselves and robots are used to help them. For example, some people cant see, many of these people use a dog to help themselves move around. This dog is called a guide dog

35、. Scientists are making a robot to help them. In the future, robot dogs might take the place of these guide dogs. Robots are also used in American hospitals. At one hospital, a robot takes meals from the kitchen to the sick peoples rooms. It never loses its way because it has a map of the hospital i

36、n its computer system. In the future, robots will work in space. But robots will never take the place of human help. They can, however, help US in a lot of different ways. 1 Robots have a long history. 2 The first robot was invented by a Greek. 3 Robots can only be seen in films. 4； Robots can help

37、some people look after themselves.7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5 Todays robots have quite a few different uses. 6 A robot cooks meals for the sick people at an American hospital. 7 Robots can help humans a lot both now and in the future.参考答案：1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6.

38、F 7. T Unit 1 Will people have robots. 测试人民训练出版社. Vocabulary Choose the phrases to fill in the blanks, according to the sentencesAin 2022 Bmore people Cfewer holidays Dmore fresh air Eafter we finish middle school Ften years from now Gless pollution Hbetter hospitals Iin the future Jnext yearA：What

39、do you think our city will be like_.B：There will be_ _. Choose the correct answers 1I think kids will study at home on computers ten yearsA at Bfor Cafter Din 2Hurry up. The train in two minutes A go Bwent Cwill go Dgoes 3My father was than he is nowA thinner Bthin Cless Dfew 4The boy off the bike a

40、nd hurt his leg yesterdayAfall Bfell Cfalls Dwill fall 5I have homework to do than you A much less Bmuch Cvery little Dfewer 6Do you like playing football or playing violin. A the,the Bthe,C, the D, 7I think that England next time A will win B won Cis winning Dwins 8His mother in a village five year

41、s ago A lives Blived Cis living Dwill live 9 seems very hard to work out this problem A That BThis CI DIt 10There is only time leftWe must hurry A Little Ba 1ittle Cfew D a few Form sentences11ess,in, will , years,there,pollution , be,1008 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - .2w

42、ont,be,any,there,money,paper .3will ,there,time,more,leisure,be .4the,which,win ,World ,country,will ,next, Cup .5think ,you,weather,what,the,do,like ,will , be,tomorrow . Fill in the blanks with these phraseslike , worth , interesting, more,less,credit card, space station,as well as1I will be a rep

43、orter and meet many people2A is the place to live in space3Everyone will have a to buy things in 100 years4The work of Picasso is well buying5What will your 1ife be in ten years.6Skiing is interesting exciting 7There will be money coming to the tsunami海啸 area8I have leisure time this term because I

44、have a lot of homeworkVReading comprehension A Tom and Fred are talking about the year 2022What will our world be like in the year 2022.I dont know.says FredWhat do you think.Well, no one knows, but Its interesting to guess.In the year 2022 everyone will carry a pocket computer. The computer will give people the answers to all their problems. We shall all have telephones in our poc