2022年被动语态语法专项练习题及答案.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载被动语态语法透析中考英语语法被动语态考点【语态命题趋势与猜测】依据对语态部分全国各地中考试题的分析可知,今后该部分将是重点考查点之一；其考查重点为：1.被动语态在各个时态中的用法2. “get+ 过去分词”结构的用法【考点诠释】一、各种时态的被动语态 被动语态由 be+过去分词 ”构成,be 随时态的变化而变化, 高考对被动语态的考查通常从以下九种时态人手；1一般现在时 表示现在或常常发生的被动动作时,用一般现在时的被动语态；一般现在时的被动语态由 amisare+及 物动词的过去分词 +by+实施者 ”构成；【考例 1The

2、 olympk Games _every four years. 北京市 A are held B were held C are holding Dwill ho1d 答案 A ；解析 考查被动语态,依据句意,“奥运会每四年举办一次” 可见须用一般现在时的被动语态,故排除了 B、C、D；【考例 2. In the art show ,a lot of enjoyment _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings沈阳市 A is giving B is given C will give D has given 答案 B；解析 此题考查被动语态,

3、句中”a lot of enjoyment 是动作的承担者；“ 在这次艺术展中,一些好玩的东西通过中国国画展现给外国伴侣；【考例 3.Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _in. many schools around the world. 南京市 A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught 答案 D；解析 考查被动语态；物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态；但假如动词指的是物的特性,不能用被 动语态；【考例 4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest w

4、riters in China, _as Peoples Writer. 安徽省 A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards 答案 A；解析 选用一般现在时态的被动语态,表示人们对这位宏大作家的热爱；【考例 5. Usually computers _to search the Internet. 吉林省 A. use B. are using C. are used D. used 答案 C ；解析 从句子看,电脑作主语,是动作的承担者,所以用被动语态,应选 C；【考例 6. -Do you often clean yo

5、ur classroom.-Yes. Our classroom _every day. 长沙市 A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned 答案 C；解析 考查被动语态物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态；但假如动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动 语态；2一般过去时【考点透视】 表示过去某个时候发生的被动动作,用一般过去时的被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态由“ was were+及物动词的过去分词+by+实施者 ”构成；【考例】一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible. 一 Yes In fact, it _.Thats

6、all because of the people and the factories around 黄冈市 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载A polluted B was polluted C has polluted D was po11ute 答案 B；解析 考查被动语态；物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态；但假如动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动语态；-Our environment is getting worse than before. -Youre right. But thanks to

7、 Earth Day_, people have done more and more useful things to protect 保护 the earth since Earth Day 哈尔滨市 A. is started B. was started C. has started 答案 B； 解析 从句意： “ 自从 地球日 开头以来,人们已做了一些越来越有用的事爱护环境；”可知, “地球日 ”的开头,要用一般过去时的被动语态,其构成为was started 应选 B；We _into five groups to go to the old peoples home. We di

8、d many things to cheer them up. 太原市 A. divided B. are divided C. were divided 答案 C；解析 此题主要考查被动语态的用法；依据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式；由后一句 We did many things ”可推断,时态应当是一般过去时；因此选 C；-I feel very happy that I _to be the host. （江西省） C -Congratulations. A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen Many tree

9、s and flowers _ in our school last year ,and they made our school a beautiful garden 重庆市 D Aplant B planted Chave planted Dwere planted 3一般将来时和过去将来时【考点透视】表示从现在看将来发生的被动动作,用一般将来时的被动语态；表示从过去某个时候看今后将要发生的被动动作,用过去将来时的被动语态；一般将来时的被动语态由 “ willshall be+及物动词的过去分词+by+实施者 或 am isare going to be+及物动词的过去分词+by+实施者

10、”构成；过去将来时的被动语态由 would be+及物动词的过去分词 +by+实施者 或 waswere going to be+及物动词的过去分词 +by+实施者 ”构成；【考例】 Some famous paintings _in the hall next week. 广东省 A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown 答案 D；解析 此题综合考查时态和语态；主语为“ 一些名画 ” ,在此为动作 “展出 ” 的承担者,故应用被动语态,时间状语为 next week ,是表示将来的时间状语,所以句子时态是一般将来时,所以

11、D 项正确；A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week . （天津人教四年制）B A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives 4现在完成时【考点透视】表示在过去某个时候发生的被动动作始终连续到现在,且该动作的结果对现在造成影响, 此时用现在完成时的被动语态；现在完成时的被动语态由“ hashave been+及物动词的过去分词 +by+实施者 ”构成；【考例】 -Great changes have taken place

12、 in this city. -Right. Many modern tall buildings have been _ these days. （武汉市） B A. turned up B. put up C. shown up D. fixed up 5.含有情态动词的被动结构名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China. 兰州 A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allow

13、ed 答案： D；情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词 +be+过去分词；五、被动语态的特别类型 被动语态的特别类型主要有：1在被动语态中, 有时用 getbecome 代替 be,构成 get become+ 过去分词 ”,这种用法多用于口语中,其后通常不跟 by+实施者,它表示一种结果或状态,而非动作；2含有情态动词的被动语态,其结构为“情态动词 +be done ； 3带复合宾语句子的被动语态；【考例】Do you often clean your classroom. （湖南长沙） Yes, our classroom _ every day. A. clean B. cleans C.

14、is cleaned D. Cleaned 答案为 C；句中有 every day,主语为 our classroom ,故要用一般现在时的被动语态；【语法回忆】1一般现在时的被动语态形式 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫；Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的；Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语；Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有很多货物运往国外吗 2

15、一般现在进行时的被动语态形式Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse How is the new teaching method being tried there 3现在完成时的被动语态形式这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？那里是怎样试行这种新教学方法的？Many foreign films have been shown on TV since last month. 上个月以来,电视播放了很多外国影片；The radio has not been turned on yet. 收音机仍没开；Has a new training cent

16、re been set up in our city. 我们市上新的培训中心建好了吗？4.一般过去时的被动语态形式The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了；The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的；Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 5.一般过去进行时的被动语态形式昨天山上种了很多树吗？The question was being discussed at the meeting yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午

17、会上正争论这个问题；At that time they were being shown how to run the machine. 6过去将来时的被动语态形式在那时,他们正演示如何操作这机器；He said that a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来；She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care. 她问他们的方案会不会得到认真的考虑；I wasnt told that I shou

18、ld be invited to the party. 没人告知我要被邀请出席晚会；7过去完成时的被动语态形式His newly written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month. 上个月末,他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载She told me that she had been dismissed by her boss. 她告知我,她的老板已把她解雇了；Her home

19、work had not been finished when I got home. 8一般将来时的被动语态形式我到家的时候,她的作业仍没有完成；If you break the school rules, you will be punished. 假如你违反校规, 你将受到惩处；A new Hope School will be opened in our village. 我们家乡将开办一所新的期望学校；In a few years time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too. 过几年以后,那些山上会长满了树；9情态动词的

20、被动式：主动句谓语如带有情态动词变成被动句时,应保留情态动词谓语部分为：“情态动词 +助动词 be+过去分词 ”；例如：Our classroom should be kept clean and tidy. 我们的教室必需保持洁净清洁；A few of them can be cut each year for firewood；每年一些树木被砍伐用作柴火；Many thousands of trees must be planted every year. 每年都得种成千成万株树；被动语态的一般疑问句,须将第一个助动词移至主语之前构成；否定句须在助动词之后加构成；例如：Is the sta

21、mp used for sending letters. 邮票是用来发信的吗？The knife isnt made of wood. 这个小刀不是用木头制做的；三、被动语态的用法；1、当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者,或者指需要强调动作的承担者时,要用被动语态；例如：The cotton is grown in that farm. 那个农场里种植棉花；2、我们关怀动作的承担者但也关怀动作的执行者,要用被动语态；例如：Nahan was written by Lu Xun. 呐喊是鲁迅写的；3、表示科学性及客观性,在新闻报道和科技文章中用得较多；例如：Many

22、of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away. 很多星星看不见,由于它们离我们太遥远了；It was reported that the scientists were searching for new ways to solve the problems. 据报道科学家正在寻求解决这些问题的新途径；常见的句型结构如下：It is （was）agreed（ believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that. 大家同意（信任、打算、期望、认为）. It is（was） well known that.

23、 众所周知It is（was ）taken for granted that. 被视为当然It must be remembered that. 务必记住 . It mustnt be forgotten that. 千万别遗忘 . It is（was）said（reported ,heard,told ,suggested）that. 据说（报道、听说、告知、建议 .）四、主动形式表示被动意义英语中有主动和被动之分,并都以特定的形式显现；然而并非全部的主动句式都表示主动意义,有些句子形式是主动的,而意义却是被动的；就其在英语中的详细运用,从以下几个方面加以归纳；1、一些表示感觉、 感官的连系

24、动词如：feel,sound,taste,look 等后面接形容词作表语,形式上是主动的,意思上表示被动；例如：The mixture tasted terrible. 这种混合液太难吃了；She sound nice. She has a beautiful voice.她唱得很好,她有一副好嗓子；Your father looks very angry. Whats the matter. 你父亲看起来很愤怒,是怎么回事呢？名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载2、有少数及物动词（do, owe 欠

25、 ,cook, print, build ）等,常用进行时态表示被动意思；例如：The meat is cooking. 肉正在煮；3、一些表达事物行为、方式的动词如：The book is printing. 书在印刷中；wash, sell, write, say, open 等,习惯以主动形式表示被动的含义；因为这样使用更简洁,更符合英美人的习惯,特别在口语中；例如：The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the week before. This kind of cloth washes very well. 这种布料很好洗涤；这家

26、商店相当新,由于一星期前才开业；The door opened and in came Mr. White. 门开了,怀特先生走进来；The book sells well.这书很畅销；4、表示 “ 发生,进行 ”之类不及物动词如：等,以主动式表示被动含义；例如：happen ,last,take place, break out ,go on, go by, move onYoud better wait and see what happens to him. 你最好等着瞧他会发生什么事；Over 500 people were working in the building when t

27、he fire broke out on the 11th floor. 大楼的第 11 层着火时,有 500 多人正在那幢楼上工作；Will the weather last long. 这种天气会连续很久吗？可是一连很多月过去了,竟没有人来光顾这个岛屿；But many months went by and no one visited the island.5、有些 “ 系动词 +分词 ”的结构,意思上也接近被动结构；例如：He got wounded in a battle. 他在一次战役中负伤；Many countries became liberated in the follow

28、ing months.接下来的数月中,很多国家获得解放；6、be + 副词或介词短语,如 be on , be on show , be on sale, be in（out of ） sight, be under discussion等,这类副词或介词短语往往具有动词含义,相当于被动语态表达的意义；例如：Summer wear is on sale.（=Summer wear is being sold. ）夏季衣服正在出售；The film had been on for five minutes when I got to the cinema. cinema. ）我到电影院时电影已放

29、映了五分钟；（=The film had been show when I got to the The two canoes were almost out of sight.=The two canoes could hardly been seen any more. 那两只独木舟 几乎看不到了；7、不定式作后置定语的结构；当作定语用的不定式除了被修饰的词有动宾关系外,仍与句子的主语或宾语有规律上的主谓关系,不定式须用主动形式表示被动含义；例如：Is there anything to say. 仍有什么要说的吗？We have a lot of things to do. 我们有很多事

30、情要做；留意：如不定式与句子主语或宾语不存在规律上的主谓关系,只与所修饰的词有动宾关系时,即只有动作 的承担者,没有动作的执行者时,不定式应用被动式；例如：He has something to be told to you. 他有事（要我）转告你；Have you anything to be taken to him. 你有什么东西（要我）带给他吗？因而不定式须用及物动词或 8、be+形容词 +不定式结构； 此结构的不定式与主语之间有规律上的动宾关系,相当与及物动词的短语动词；因而此结构的形容词大多数表示说话人对不定式动作的看法态度或感受等；如 difficult, easy, hard,

31、 interesting, pleasant, fit, 等或表示主语人或物所具有的特点,如：nice,light ,strong,beautiful ,heavy 等；形式上是主动的,意思上却是被动的；例如：This text is very difficult to understand. 这篇课文很难懂；The water is not fit to drink. 这水不宜饮用；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载The man is very easy to get along with. 那

32、个人很简单相处；The room is comfortable to live in. 这房间住起来很舒适；9、当表示 “需要 ”含义的动词如： need, require, want 等作谓语,其主语为物时,这类动词后面的动名词要用 主动形式表示被动意思；例如：The house needs cleaning.or: The house needs to be cleaned. 这房间需要打扫；My hair requires cutting.or: My hair requires to be cut. 我需要理发；10、worth 用作形容词时,作表语,后面一般接动名词的主动形式表示被动

33、的意思；例如：This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读；11、be+形容词结构；这类形容词如：以主动形式表示被动含义；例如：invisible , forgettable ,comfortable 等具有动词含义的特点；因而常Names and addresses are forgettable.=Names and addresses are forgotten easily. 人名和地址易忘；12、there be 句型中修饰主语的不定式,可用主动式表示被动含义；例如：There is nothing to do .=I have nothing

34、to do. 没有事可做；There are questions to solve.= We have questions to solve. 有问题需要解决；13、be +不定式结构；这类结构如 be to blame , to be let , be to seek 等,具有的特点是作表语的不定式 与句子的主语有规律上的动宾关系,因而以主动形式表示被动含义；例如：The house is to let.此房子要出租；I felt I was to blame. 我觉得我应当受罚；A better way is yet to seek. 仍得找一种更好的方法；14、某些固定词组和句型,用主动

35、形式却表示被动意义；如 add up to, take place; catch on a nail. etc., turn out to be, blow open, consist of, come out sth., remains to do sth. be to blame. 等；例如：His whole schooling added up to no more than a year. 他受到的学校训练加起来不过一年；Sorry, I cant go with you. Much work remains to do. 五、主动语态变被动语态的方法对不起,我不能和你一起去,我仍有

36、很多工作要做；1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 I was invited by my aunt to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. 主语 谓语 宾语 A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.主语 谓语宾语1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语；2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词,时态要

37、与原句保持一样；3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by 短语可以省略；假如原句主语是地点名词,在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语；六语态转换时要留意的问题 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一样,其谓语动词的数要与新主语 保持一样；We have bought a new computer. 我买了一台新电脑；A new computer has been bought.2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页

38、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载为主语时比较多；My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. 我叔叔在我生日时给我一件礼物；I was given a present on my birthday.假如把直接宾语指物 改为主语,就在间接宾语指人 前加适当的介词,如上句仍可以说：A present was given to me yesterday. 留意： 一般在以下动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell,

39、show, take, teach, tell 等；The cup with mixture was showed to the class. 装有混合物的杯子传给同学；My bike was lent to her. 我的自行车借给她了；六、被动语态与系表结构的区分：一般说来,过去分词作表语的结构与被动语态在形式上相同,所以简单混淆除了主要从意义上加以区分 外,这里供应几种辨别方法；1从带不带by 短语来区分by+动作的执行者构成by 短语；而系表结构表示主语的特点或被动语态表主语的动作,绝大多数可以用所处的状态,不表示动作；例如：The window was broken by his b

40、rother. 窗子被他弟弟打破了； （被动语态）The window is now brother. 窗子现在是破的； （系表结构）留意： 1）但并非有 by 短语都表示动作的执行者；例如：The house is surrounded bywithtrees and flowers. 房子四周都是树木花草；（系表结构）2）当然,过去分词后的 by 短语有时可以表缘由、方式；应与表示行为者区分开来；例如：The bank is usually closed at six 银行通常 6 点钟就关门了； （被动语态）The door was shut when I went by ,but I

41、dont know when it was shut.我们那里走过的时候门是关着的,但我不只道是什么时候关的；（第一个 was shut 是系表结构,其次个 was shut 是被动语态）Our blackboard is painted every year. 我们的黑板每年漆一次； （被动语态）Our blackboard is newly painted. 我们的黑板新漆的； （系表结构）3）在没有状语的情形下,就得依据上下文的意思来判定；例如：The criminal was pushed into the cell and the door was closed. 罪犯被推动牢房,门

42、马上关上了（被动语态）The door was closed, we couldnt get in. 门是关着的,我们进不去；（系表结构）2系表结构一般只用于一般现在时、一般过去时；而被动语态除了用于这两种时态外,仍可以用于将来时、进行时和完成时；例如：The shop is wasopened.商店正在营业； （系表结构）The work is being done. 这工作正在做； （被动语态）Yesterday when I got there, the ship was being loaded. 昨天我到达那里时,船正在装货；Their work had been finished

43、by the end of last month.他们的工作上月底已经完成；Youll be shown around you room. 有人会带你去看你的房门的；He said the library would soon be built. 他说图书馆很快就要修起来；3系表结构中的过去分词可被very 修饰,被动语态中的过去分词须用much 修饰；例如：He was very agitated.他很兴奋；（系表结构）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载He was much agitated b

44、y the news. 他听到消息后很兴奋； （被动结构）4be+不及物动词的过去分词通常是系表结构,如：be gone, be learned, be ashamed这些动词通常是表示状态,智力活动或心态的动词；be+连续性动词的过去分词通常是被动语态,如：【语法过关】be loved, be encouraged, be praised 等；1Susan, why are you still here. They are all ready to start. I m sorry, but I _ when to meet.A. don t tell B. didn t tell C. haven t told D. wasnt told2Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down 3- My watch _.- Dont worry. Lets go to the Lost & Found.A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has