2022年初中英语语法.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中学英语语法:情态动词讲解及练习情态动词讲解及练习(Modal Verbs )* 情态动词也可称为“ 情态助动词(Modal Auxiliaries)” ,由于它和基本助动词(be,do, have )都属于助动词类;* 情态动词和其他动词连用,可表示说话人的语气;* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等;* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化; * 常用的情态动词有: can, could , may, might , shall, should, will, would, must, 这九大情态动词;其他的仍有 ought to, need, d
2、are 等;一、 九大情态动词的时态关系:1. 现在式 can - 过去式 could2. 现在式 may - 过去式 might3. 现在式 shall - 过去式 should4. 现在式 will - 过去式 would5. 现在式 must - 过去式 must (常用 had to 来代替)二、 情态动词表示“ 可能” 或“ 推测”(1)can 和 could 用于表示“ 可能” 或“ 推测” :1. He cant be at home. 他不行能在家;(否定句)2. Can the news be true. 这消息可能是真的吗 . (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the new
3、s 前就成疑问句)3. Anybody can make mistake. 任何人都可能犯错误;(只表示理论上的可能性)(2)may 和 might 用于表示“ 事实上的可能性” 或“ 推测” :1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生)明天可能会下雨;2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示推测)今日下午可能会下雪;3. You might be right. (表示有可能)你可能是对的;(3)will 和 would 用于表示“ 推测” 或“ 习惯性” :1. I think he will be all right now
4、. 我想他现在肯定好了;(will be 表示肯定会)2. That would be his mother. 那确定是他母亲;( would be 表示确定是)3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 他常常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水;(will 表示常常的)(4)shall 和 should 用于表示“ 必定” :1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我
5、会发达的;2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be )那准是 Sam和他的母亲;(5)must 用于表示“ 必定” ,“ 必会” :1. This must be good for you.(must be 确定) 这确定对你是有益的;2. All mankind must die.(表示必定会发生的事)全部的人肯定会死的;3. Mustnt there be a mistake. (mustnt 多用于疑问句)那确定会有错误吗?三、 情态动词表示“ 许可” 、“ 恳求”名师归纳总结 (can, could, will, would, s
6、hall, should, may, might, must)第 2 页,共 14 页(1)can 和 could 用于表示“ 许可” 、“ 恳求” :1. Can I go with you. (恳求)我能跟你一起走吗?2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可)爸爸说我可以去看电影;3. Could I ask you something. (恳求 , 用 could 比 can 更动听)我可以问你一件事吗?(2)will 和 would 用于表示“ 恳求”1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the p
7、ost office. 请问到邮局怎么走?(表示客气恳求)2. Would you give me your address. 请你告知我你的地址,好吗?(用would 比 will表示更客气)(3)shall 和 should 用于第一人称,表示征求对方的看法1. Shall we talk. 我们谈谈好吗?2. What should we do next. (用 should 比 shall 表示更客气)下一步我们该怎么做?3. Shall he come to see you. (用于第三人称疑问句)要不要他来看你?(4)may 和 might 用于表示“ 许可” (口语中多用can)
8、- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. You may take a walk. (表示赐予许可)你可以散漫步;2. You might read the story for me. (比 may更动听)是否请给我读一读这故事;3. May I make a suggestion. 我可以提个建议吗?4. Might I take a look of your work. 我看看您的大作行吗?5. Students may not make noise in the library. 同学不得在图书馆里吵闹;(may not 表示不许可或禁止)6. I
9、f I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句,表示恳求)你是不对的,假如我可以这么说的话;(5)must 用于表示“ 禁止” ,“ 不准” :1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not 表示不许可)此地不准停车;2. All of you mustnt fishing in the pool. 你们不准在池里钓鱼;四、 情态动词表示“ 应当” 、“ 必需”(must not 语气方面比 may not 更强)(shall, should, may, might, must, ought to)(1)shall 和
10、should 用于表示“ 必需” :. Each member shall wear a name card. (表示规定)每一个会员必需配带名卡;. I should answer his letter as soon as possible. (表示应当)我应当尽快给他回信;. You shouldnt judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldnt “ 不应当” 含有劝说的意思)你不应当总是以貌取人;. The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. (shall 用于规章等,表示义务和规定)新规章于一月一日起生
11、效;名师归纳总结 (2)may 和 might 用于表示“ 应当 (多用于法律等条文,一般上多用 shall):第 3 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - . Payment may be paid by check.(表示规定)应以支票付款;. You might ask before you use my computer. (might 表示应当)你应当先问过再使用我的电脑;(3)must 用于表示“ 必需” 、“ 务必” :. You must keep the place clean. (务必)你务必保持地方洁净;或 dont
12、have to). We must obey orders. (表示有义务)我们必需听从命令;. Must I pay now. (用于疑问句)(如回答不必时,需用 neednt 我现在就得付款吗?五、 情态动词表示“ 意图” 、“ 准备”(will, would, shall, should)(1)will 和 would 用于表示某种意图:. Ill call you as soon as possible. (will 主要用于第一人称)我会尽快打电话给你;. Will you accept this invitation. (用 would 就表示更客气)你情愿接受这邀请吗?. Who
13、 will do the job. (用于条件句,可用于各种人称)谁情愿做这事?. We wont (will not) stay here too long. (will not 表示不愿)我们不愿呆在这里太久;(2)shall 和 should 用于表示说话人的意图:. We shant (shall not) go if it rains. (shall not 也可用 will not)假如下雨,我们就不准备走了;. I shant go with you. (shall 只用在第一人称)我不准备和你一同走;六、 情态动词表示“ 意愿”名师归纳总结 (will, would, shal
14、l, should)第 4 页,共 14 页(1)will 和 would :- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - . She will do it if you ask her.(表示主语的意愿)假如你问她,她会做的;. Would you have another cup of tea. (用 would 比 will 客气)你想再来一杯茶吗?. Will you have some cookies. (will 用于疑问句,表示问人是否情愿)你想吃些烤饼吗?. If he will, he can do it. (will 用于条件句,用于其次、三人
15、称)假如他情愿,他会做的;. Would you excuse me. (would 表示动听语气)你能原谅我吗?(2)shall 和 should :. He shall get his allowance. (留意是 he shall, 表示说话人的意愿)他会拿到他的津贴的;. You should sit here as long as you like. 只要你愿意,坐多久能行;. Shall you go to school with me. (疑问句中,表示问对方的意愿)你情愿和我一起到学校去吗?此外, 情态动词是中学英语里的一个重要语法项目,也是全国各省市中考试题的一个考查热点,
16、现在以全国部分省市中考试题为例,对情态动词的考点和热点作一分析;一、考查 can 的用法a. 考查 can 表示才能的用法;在这一用法中, can 表示才能,意思是 能,会 ,其否定式 cant表示 不能 ;在过去时中用 could 和 couldnt;例如:1. - Wheres Mr. Lee. I have something unusual to tell him.- You_find him. He_Japan. (黑龙江)A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has been to C. cant; has gone to D. cant; has
17、 been to2. - Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes. OK.- Sorry. It_in such a short time. (山东威海)A. may do B. cant be done C. must do D. neednt be done名师归纳总结 3. I have my own room in my house, so I_do what I want in it. (江西)第 5 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. must B. have to C. need t
18、o D. can4._you mend my car. I_not start it. (常德市)A. Would; would B. Must; must C. Can; can D. May; may5._she ride when she was three years old. (长沙市)A. Can B. Could C. Need D. May6. The boy_answer this kind of hard questions one year ago. (四川省)A. can B. may C. couldb. 考查 can 表示估计的用法;在这一用法中, can 意为 可
19、能 ,表示客观可能性,常常用于疑问句和否定句中;例如:7. - Who is the man over there. Is it Mr. Li.- No, it_be him. Mr. Li is much taller. (河北)A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt8. - Listen. Someone is singing in the next room. Who_it be. Is it Wei Fang.- No. It_be her. She is at school now. (重庆市)A. will; may not B. must;
20、mustnt C. may; cant D. may; wont9. - Is Mr. Hu in the reading room.- No, he_be there. He has gone to Tianjin. (新疆)A. mustnt B. neednt C. wont D. cant10. Class 3 won the football match. _it be true. (广东)A. May B. Must C. Will D. Can名师归纳总结 c. 考查 can / could表示恳求许可的用法Could I / you.句式,表示 第 6 页,共 14 页在这一用
21、法中, can 和 could 都表示现在,用could 比用 can 语气更加委婉客气,常用我/ 你能 吗 . ,如表示同意要用can,不用 could ;例如:- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 11. - Could I look at your pictures.- Yes, of course you_. (武汉)A. could B. can C. will D. might12._you pass me a pen. Id like to write down the telephone number.A. Need B. Could C.
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