2022年名词性从句讲义-文档.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载名词性从句讲义 8.19 【考纲解读】1.明白名词性从句的基本用法 ; 2.娴熟把握名词性从句的引导词及引导词在从句中的作用 ; 3.what 与 that 的区分； whether 与 if 的区分；4. it 作形式主语和形式宾语；5. that 引导同位语从句与定语从句的区分；【考题导引】12022 北京, 29The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust. A.what B.that C.wheth

2、er D.why 解析：考查表语从句；句意为：雨季最令人开心的事情是人可以完全不受灰尘的袭扰；分析句子结构可知,is后的表语从句中不缺少成分,且句意完整,应选B；2 The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.2022 天津, 11 doA.whether B.that C.which D.what 解析：考查同位语从句；句意为：经理提了个建议 我们应雇个助手；要做的工作太多了；分析句子结构可知,空格后的同位语从句用来说明说明suggestion的

3、详细内容,从句中不缺成分且意义完整,应选B 项；3We must find out _ Karl is coming , so we can book a room for him.2022重庆, 8 A.when B.how C.where D.why 解析：考查宾语从句；句意为：我们肯定要搞清晰Karl 什么时候来,以便我们给他订房间；由句意可知,要给 Karl 订房间,那么就要清晰他来这里的时间,应选when；4Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.2022北京, 24 A.However B.Whoever C

4、.Whatever D.Wherever 解析：考查主语从句；句意为：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要,无论你们做什么都会有帮忙；从句动词需要宾语,且引导主语从句,故用whatever,表示 “ 无论什么 ” ；5. _ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.2022北京, 35 A.Where B.How C.Why D.When 解析 考查主语从句；句意为：我们怎样懂得事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系；分析句子结构可知“_ we understand things为主语从句,结合句意可知选B；【学问梳理】名词性从句指的是

5、在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句,主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从 句；一、主语从句1引导主语从句的连接词：从属连词 that, whether/if ；连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever 等；连接副词 when, where, why, how, whenever 等；That they were in truth sisters wa s clear from the facial similarity between them. 从她们的面貌相像度就能清晰地看出她们真是亲姐妹；What stru

6、ck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱；2主语从句一般放在句首,但有时也可用it 作形式主语,而将主语从句移到句子的末尾；常见的句型：1It be形容词 necessary/likely/important/uncertain 等 that 从句 2It be名词 短语 a pity/a shame/no wonder/no surprise 等that 从句 3It be过去分词 said/reported/decided/believed 等that 从句 4It 不

7、及物动词 seem, appear, happen 等that 从句 It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. 尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药,但是它会带来什么样的副作用仍不清晰；It s no surprise that our team has won the game. 我们队获胜一点都不令人惊讶；It is decided that the meeting will be put off til

8、l next Monday. 会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了；二、宾语从句1引导宾语从句的连接词：从属连词 that, whether, if；连接代词 what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever 等；连接副词 when, where, why, how 等；从句用陈述语序；We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - -

9、- - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载我们许诺,任何参与这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会；I truly believe that beauty comes from within.2022 北京高考单项 我确信美来自内在；We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.2022重庆高考单项 我们必需弄清晰卡尔什么时候来,以便我们可以为他预订房间；2it 作形式宾语的宾语从句1一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时,就需要用it 作形式宾语,而将that 引导的宾语从句后置；常见的这类动词有： find

10、, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等；He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. 他清晰地说明会议不会被推迟；2动词 hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy 等表示 “喜爱 ” 、“ 厌恶 ” 的动词以及一些动词短语 see to, depend on, rely on 等常用 it 作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置；I would appreciate it if you could take my appl

11、ication into consideration. I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候,我会确保把他照料好；三、表语从句1引导表语从句的连接词：从属连词 that, whether ；连接代词 what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词 when, where, why, how 等；从句用陈述语序；Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he c

12、ould have expressed it differently. 杰里不懊悔给出评论,但是觉得自己原来可以用不同的方法来表达的；I d like to start my own business that what I d do if I had the money.我情愿自己创业 那就是假如我有钱将会做的事情；2as if/as though 引导的表语从句as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be 动词, seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear等动词之后；The thick smog covered the whole city. I

13、t was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 浓雾掩盖着整座城市；似乎把一个庞大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面；3because, why引导的表语从句because, why 也可引导表语从句,但because引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason 或 cause 该结构常用that引导 ；常用于以下句型：This/That is/was why . 这/那是 的缘由；This/That is/was because . 这/那是由于 The reason why . is/was that . 的缘由是 China is d

14、eveloping fast. Thats why I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China. 中国在飞速进展,这就是我为什么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应当拜访中国；The reason w hy he didn t pass the exam was that he was too careless. 他没有通过考试的缘由是他太马虎了；四、同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,位于该名词之后,用以说明该名词的详细内容；1常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有：advice 建

15、议 conclusion 结论 demand 要求 doubt 怀疑 fact 事实 hope 期望idea 想法 information 信息 message 消息 news 消息 order 命令 possibility 可能性 promise 诺言question 问题 request 恳求 suggestion 建议 thought 想法 plan 方案I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different. 我对自己承诺：今年,我高中的第一年,会有所不同；I

16、s there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport. No problem. （ 你有可能到机场接我吗？ 没问题；）2引导同位语从句的连接词有：that, whether, how, where, when, why 等；Evidence has been found through years of study that children s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. 通过多年的争论发觉：有证据说明孩子的早期睡

17、眠问题很有可能会随着他们的成长连续下去；She asked a question why there was a delay. 她问了发生延误的缘由；I have no idea when he will come bac k home. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载在同位语从句中,that, whether 不作句子成分；that 无实义, whether 意为 “ 是否 ” ,if 一般不引导同位语从句；引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略；【考点突破】考点 1what 和 that 引导

18、的名词性从句江苏 1It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.2022Awhy Bwhat Cas D that 解析 考查主语从句的引导词；句意为：通常情形下,对于那些心答案 D 存期望的人来说,一切皆有可能；本句中的 it 为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的名词性从句,从句结构完整,不缺成分,故要用 that 引导；2The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.202

19、2 北京, 29 Awhat Bthat Cwhether Dwhy 答案 B 解析 考查表语从句；句意为：雨季最令人开心的事情是人可以完全不受灰尘的袭扰；分析句子结构可知,is后的表语从句中不缺少成分,且句意完整,应选 B；3A ship in harbor is safe,but thats not _ships are built for.201 5安徽, 25 Awhat Bwhom Cwhy Dwhen 答案 A 解析 考查表语从句的引导词；句意为：船停在港口里是很安全的,但这并非建造船的目的；空格处引导的从句作表语,表语从句中的 for 后缺少宾语,用 what 引导,应选 A；w

20、hy 和 when 是连接副词,不能作宾语；whom指人；4If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate _ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.2022 浙江, 6 Awhat Bwho Cthat Dwhoever 答案 A 解析 考查宾语从句的引导词；句意为：假如你在河里或湖里游泳的话,务必调查清晰水面之下有什么；水中常常隐匿着石头或树枝；分析句子结构可知,此处 investigate后跟宾语从句, 从

21、句缺少主语, 故用 what 引导； who与 whoever 都可以作主语,但是不符合句意；that 在名词性从句中仅仅起连接作用,不作句子成分；5 Reading her biography , I was los t in admiration for _ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.2022 陕西, 19 Awhat Bthat Cwhy Dhow 解析 考查宾语从句的引导词；句意为：读了多丽丝答案 A 莱辛的传记,我对她在文学上取得的成就敬佩不已；分析句子结构可知,介词for 后接的是宾语从句,从句中缺少achieve 的宾语,故

22、用what 引导；考点归纳1what 引导名词性从句的五种用法：1表示 “ 的东西或事情” ：Theyve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮忙了她；He saves what he earns. 他赚多少,积蓄多少；2表示 “ 的人或的样子” ：He is no longer what he was. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now. 3表示 “ 的数量或数目” ：他已经不是以前的那个样子了；是谁把弗雷德培育成现在这个样子的？Our income is now double what it w

23、as ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是 10 年前的两倍；The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校同学的数量是解放前的 10 倍；4表示 “ 时间 ” ：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来；The young girl was too frightened to speak,standing there for what se

24、emed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话,在那儿站了几个小时；5表示 “ 的地方 ” ：This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方；In 1492 ,Columbus reached what is now called America.1492 年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆；2what 与 that 引导名词性从句时的区分：两者均可引导主语、表语、宾语从句；that 可引导同位语从句,但 what 通常不用于引导同位语从句；what 可在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语, 意为 “ 什么 ”或“ 所 的” ,而 that

25、 仅起连接作用,本身没有实际意义,在从句中也不充当任何句子成分引导宾语从句时通常可以省略,假如有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句,第一个从句的引导词that 可以省略,其余的不能省略；He doesn t know what she likes.他不知道她喜爱什么；I believe that he will come to see us. 我信任他会来看我们的；I had no idea that you were here. 我不知道你在这儿；考点 2同位语从句与定语从句的区分1The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an a

26、ssistant.There is too much work to 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载do.2022 天津, 11 Awhether Bthat Cwhich Dwhat 答案 B 解析 考查同位语从句；句意为：经理提了个建议 我们应雇个助手；要做的工作太多了；分析句子结构可知,空格后的同位语从句用来说明说明 suggestion的详细内容,从句中不缺成分且意义完整,应选 B 项；2After investigation ,the police found out one clue

27、 _ voices were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day. Awhere Bwhen C that Dwhose 答案 C 句意为：在调查之后,警察发觉了一条线索,那天有人听到远处某个地方传来了呼救声；设空处引导同位语从句,从句意义、结构完整,应用 that 引导,补充说明 one clue的详细内容；考点归纳1判定是同位语从句仍是定语从句可以用“ 加词 ”的方法,即在名词和从句之间加入一个be 动词,假如句子意思成立,就是同位语从句,否就,就是定语从句；The notice that the mee

28、ting had to be put off was true. 同位语从句 The notice was that the meeting had to be put off.The notice that he read just now was true. 定语从句 2在某些名词后的同位语从句中,其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式：should动词原形；常见的名词有demand,request,advice,suggestion,order, plan,proposal 等；The suggestion that a new bridge should be built was accepted

29、. 在这里修建一座新桥的建议被接受了；考点 3 名词性从句中 whether 与 if 的比较1We have offered him the position,but I dont have the slightest idea _ he will accept it.Ahow Bif Cwhether Dthat 答案 C 解析 句意为：我们给他供应了这个职位,但是不知道她是否会接受；此题考查同位语从句；whether he will accept it 是对前面名词 idea 内容的补充说明；在同位语从句中表“ 是否 ” 只可用 whether 不行用 if；2It is still u

30、nder discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. Awhether Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere 答案 A 解析 句意为：老汽车站是否应当被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍旧在争论之中；由 or not 可知此处应用连接词whether,whether.or not 意为 “ 是否 ”；考点归纳whether 和 if 在宾语从句中常常可以互换,但与 or 或 or not 连用时只能用 whether；从句作介词的宾语时只能用 whether；在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位

31、语从句时一般用 whether 不用 if；I asked the teacher whether/if it was true. 我问老师这是否是真的；The question was whether Tom has gone to Shanghai. 问题是汤姆是否到上海去了；The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been discussed.这个问题是否正确仍没争论；It all depends on whether they这完全取决于他们是否帮忙我们；重庆, 8 考点 4when,where ,how,why 引导的

32、名词性从句1We must find out _ _ Karl is coming ,so we can book a room for him.2022Awhen Bhow Cwhere Dwhy 答案解析 考查宾语从句；句意为：我们肯定要搞清晰A Karl 什么时候来,以便我们给他订房间；由句意可知,要给 Karl 订房间,那么就要清晰他来这里的时间,应选when；江2_ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.2022北京, 35 AWhere B How CWhy DWhen 答案B 解析考查主语从句；句意为：我们怎

33、样懂得事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系；分析句子结构可知“_ we understand things为主语从句,结合句意可知选B；3The exhibition tells us_we should do something to stop air pollution.2022四川, 8 Awhere Bwhy Cwhat Dwhich 答案B 解析考查宾语从句；句意为：这个展览告知了我们为什么我们要做些事情来阻挡空气污染；宾语从句中缺少状语,应选项C、 D 错误； where 引导地点状语从句,不符合题意,应选why,表示 “ 的缘由 ” ；4_ Li Bai ,a great Chin

34、ese poet,was born is known to the public ,but some won t accept i t.2022苏, 25 “AThat BWhy CWhere DHow 答案C 解析考查主语从句； 句意为： 李白,一个宏大的中国诗人,其诞生地是众所周知的,但也有一些人不接受它；Where Li Bai.was born作该句子的主语,表示“ 李白诞生的地方” ；考点归纳连接副词指的是既具有副词的特点,同时又能引导从句的词,主要有when,where,how,why 等；这些词在从句中既作特定的成分,又有详细的含义,不能省略；大多数连接副词表示疑问意义；名师归纳

35、总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料欢迎下载doWhen we shall meet again is unknown. 我们何时才能再相见仍不知道呢；when 引导主语从句,表示疑问 I don t know how I can get out of such trouble.我真不知道如何才能摆脱这种困境；how 引导宾语从句,表示疑问 This is where the accident happened. 这是事故发生的地方；where 引导表语从句,不表疑问 I have no idea why he lef

36、t here. 我不知道他为什么离开这里；why 引导同位语从句,表示疑问 考点 5疑问词 -ever 引导的名词性从句1Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.2022北京, 24 AHowever BWhoever CWhatever DWherever 答案C 解析考查主语从句；句意为：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要,无论你们做什么都会有帮忙；从句动词需要宾语,且引导主语从句,故用whatever,表示 “ 无论什么 ” ；2 Some people believe _ has happened before or

37、is happening now will repeat itself in the future.2022北京, 33 答案A Awhatever Bwhenever Cwherever Dhowever 解析考查宾语从句；believe 后是宾语从句且从句中缺少主语,四个选项中只有whatever 可以作主语；考点归纳whichever,whatever,whoever 引导名词性从句,它们本身有词义,既有连接从句的作用,又在从句中分别充当主语、宾语、定语成分,起强调作用,意思是“无论 ,不管 ” ；The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将

38、给得胜者嘉奖；宾语从句 I believe whatever he says. 我信任他所说的一切；宾语从句 Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps. 不论谁,要想达到一个远大的目标,就必需实行很多细小的步骤；主语从 句 【真题感悟】12022 高考全国乙卷短文改错 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live._ 22022 高考北京卷单项,29 改编 The most pleasant thing of the rainy sea

39、son is _ one can be entirely free from dust. 32022 高考天津卷单项,11 改编 The manager put forward a suggestion_we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do. 42022 高考江苏卷单项,21 改编 It is often the case_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 52022 高考北京卷单项,24 改编 Your support is important

40、to our work. _ you can do helps. 62022 高考北京卷单项,35 改编 _we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 72022 高考江苏卷单项, 25 改编 but some wont accept it. _ Li Bai ,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,82022 高考浙江卷单项, 6 改编 If you swim in a river or lake ,be sure to investigate _ is b

41、elow the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 92022 高考大纲卷单项,24 改编 Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain ,but it was probably around 1565. 1 02022 高考新课标全国卷单项,24 改编 It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike. 112022 高考全国卷短文改错

42、 After looking at the toy for some time ,he turned around and found where his parents were missing._ 122022 高考全国卷语法填空 As natural architects ,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 132022 高考广东卷语法填空 I didnt understand_ this woul

43、d happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. 142022 高考全国卷短文改错 After looking at the toy for some time ,he turned around and found where his parents were missing._ 152022 高考湖南卷单项,26 改编 You have to know_ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. 答案： 1.that where 2.that 3.that 4.that 5 Whatever 6.How 7.Where 8.what 9.when 10 what11.where that或去掉 where 12.how 13why 14.where that或去掉 where 15.where 【教学反思】1把握名词性从句连接词的基本用法1连接词 that 在从句中没有任何含义