2022年动词的时态语态复习学案.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载动词的时态语态复习学案一、动词的时态时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情形发生时间的各种形式；英语动词有16 种时态,但是常用的有9 种: 以 do 为例, S 表主语 一般式进行式完成式现在时S+ do/does S+ am/is/are not S+ have/has not donenot+. doing 过去时S+ did not +S+ was/were not S+ had not donedoing 将来时S+ willnot + S+ will be not doingS+ will donenot have do过

2、去将S+ should/would not + do来时现在完成进行S+ have/has not been doing时一 一般现在时 用法 : 1）、表示常常性、习惯性动作；句中常用 dayweek, month, year等时间状语；1. He goes to school every day. 2. They often come to school early. 2）、表示现在状态；1. They are at home. 2. The old man is 76. 3）、表示客观真理；The sun is bigger than the earth. often, usually,

3、 sometimes, always, every 4）、在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来；1. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 2. When I graduate, I will go to the countryside. 二 一般过去时 用法 : 1）、通常带有确定的过去时间状语,表示过去某时间发生的事,存在的状态；这 些时间状语有： yesterday, last nightweek, month, year, two daysweeks, months, years ago, in 1970

4、, just now等. 1. Did you see her just now. 2. The First World War broke out in 1914. 2）、表示过去常常发生的动作,也可用” used to do和 would do ”；1 I used to smoke. 2. During the vacation I would swim in the sea. 3在 since引导的时间状语从句中 , 假如主句的谓语用现在完成时 ,那么 since从句 就要用一般过去时 . 1 You havent changed much since we last met. 2 I

5、t has been over a year since I came back from the country. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载4 其他句型 It was two months before I received his lesson. It will be two months before we meet again. It was ten oclock when he arrived home. I didn t know you were in Paris.三 一般将

6、来时 表示将来的动作或状态1、形式：一般将来时有如下几种表达方式 1）、will/shall + V 原形 2）、be going to + V 原形 3）、be to + V 原形 4）、be about to + V原形 5）、现在进行时表一般将来时 6）、一般现在时表一般将来时 2、用法 : 1）、will/shall + V 原形,表单纯的将来 . will 适用于任何人称 , shall 仅限于第一人称 . eg: 1 They will be back next week. . 2. Dont worry, I shall/will help you. 2 be going to

7、+ V 原形 , 表主观上准备做某事或表将要发生的事eg: I am going to send these letters. 3 be to + V 原形 ,表按方案进行或征求对方看法 . eg: We are to meet at the station at five. 4 be about to + V原形 ,表即将发生的动作 ,通常不与时间状语连用 . eg: Look. The race is about to start. I am about to speak when he rushes in. 如: 留意 : Miss Li is about to leave the of

8、fice at 5 p.m. 5 现在进行时表一般将来时,表按方案即将发生的动作.但只限于少数动作come, leave, go, arrive, start, begin, stop, return, move, saileg: The train is leaving. 6 一般现在时表一般将来时,一般用于时刻表 ,不行随便转变 . 但只限于少数动作如: come, leave, go, arrive, start, begin, stop, return, open, meet, stay eg: The meeting starts at five oclock.另外 , 在时间和条件

9、状语从句中 , 也用一般现在时表一般将来. eg: I will tell her when she comes back. I shall come even if it rains. 四 过去将来时 用法 :表示从过去的某时间看将来要发生的动作或存在状态；过去将来时和一般将来时形式一样,只需把 行了；be 换成 was/were, shall 换成 should, will 换成 would 就1. I didnt know that you would come. 2. She said she was going to write to her parents. 3. I was ab

10、out to go out when it rained. 4. I asked Bob if he was leaving for Nanjing. 名师归纳总结 5. If it didn t rain we would go camping. 第 2 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载五 现在进行时 用法 : 1）、表示说话时正在进行的动作；常与 词连用；1. Now, I am doing my homework. now, just now, at this moment, at present等2. Watc

11、h carefully, I am making coffee. 2）表示说话者的某种剧烈的感情颜色 用. 称赞 ,生气 ,厌烦 ,常与 always, forever 等连1 You are always making the same mistake.愤怒 2 She is always thinking of others instead of herself. 称赞 六 过去进行时 用法 : 1）、表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作,常和表示过去的时间状语连 用；如：then, at that time, at this time, this time yesterday, at

12、 midnight等；但在许多 情形下要依据语言情形进行判定；1. I was watching TV when the fire broke out. 2. What were you doing this time yesterday. 2）、当两个动作同时发生时,假如动作一样长,就两个都用进行时；假如一长一 短,就用进行时表示较长的动作；1. We were having dinner when someone knocked on the door. 2. I was typing while my brother was reading. 3. We were walking dow

13、n the street when it began to rain. 七 现在完成时 用法 : 1表示动作在说话之前已完成,但对现在存在着肯定影响；此时一般不用时间状 语；1. I have read Red and Black. 2. I have found my pen. 3. He has been to Beijing. 2）、表示动作开头于过去,连续到现在,或许仍会连续下去,常用 for 和 since 表示一段时间的状语或用 so far, now, today, this weekmonth, year, in the pastlast few years, lately,

14、recently, up to now, at present等时间状语；1. I have worked here for ten years. 2. He has studied English since 1985. 3. My hometown has changed a lot in the past few years. for, since等留意：表示短暂性动词如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与表示一段时间的词连用；I have joined the army for 3 years. 错 应当 I have been in the army f

15、or 3 years. 或 I joined in the army three tears ago. 八 过去完成时 用法 : 过去完成时的基本用法与现在完成时相像,所不同的是：现在完成时的动 作须在现在以前完成, 过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间以前完成,就是发生 在“过去的过去 ”；所以,使用过去完成时要先有一个过去的时间；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载by, before, 1）、表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用 until, when 等词引导的时间状语；1. I

16、 had learned 5000 words before I entered the university. 2. By the end of last year we had built five new houses. 3. When we got there the train had already left. 4. I had finished my homework before supper. 2）表未实现的愿望和想法（虚拟语气）1I had meant to come, but something happened. 2 I had thought you would no

17、t come. 九 将来完成时 用法 : 表将来某时之前已将完成的动作；1 They will have been here for ten years next July. 2 I shall have finished the work before he returns. 十 现在完成进行时,并且可能仍要连续下去.使用用法 : 表过去某个时间发生的动作始终连续到现在的时间状语有 :this weekmonth, year, these days, recently, lately, in the past few years, since+时间点 , for+时间段 1 we have

18、been studying Unit4 this week. 2 we have been learning English for six years. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区分1 现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的连续 仍在进行 ,而现在完成时表示动作的结果或影响 . . 现在完成进行时表示动作1 I have written a letter.已写完 I have been writing a letter.仍在写 2 We have built the house for two months.动作可能终止 ,也可能仍要连续 We have been building th

19、e house for two months. 动作仍在进行 ,并且仍要连续下去 2 现在完成进行时的动作是连续性的动作 ,不能使用状态动词 表感觉 ,状态 ,心理活动等 , 现在完成时可与短暂性动词 , 连续性动词及状态动词连用 . Eg: I have been feeling sad for many days. 3 有些连续性动词如 : keep, learn, study, live, stay, work等的现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区分不大 . Eg: I have lived / have been living here for many years. 二、动词的语态语态是

20、动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语的关系 和被动语态 .主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 者. .英语动词有两种语态 :主动语态 .被动语态表示主语是动作的承担e.g. 1. Many people speak English. 主动语态 2. English is spoken by many people. 被动语态 一、被动语态的结构1、被动语态的结构： be +及物动词的过去分词 它的时态通过 be 表现出来；确定句： be + V-过去分词 否定句： be not + V-过去分词名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -

21、 学习必备 欢迎下载疑问句： Be + 主语 + V-过去分词 . 2、各种时态的被动语态：1）一般现在时： is/am/are + V-过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 2）一般过去时： was/were + V-过去分词 Our classroom was cleaned yesterday. 3）一般将来时：will/shall be + V-过去分词 Our classroom will be cleaned tomorrow. 4）过去将来时： would/should be + V-过去分词 5）现在完成时： has/have been + V-过去分词 Our classroom has been cleaned. 6）过去完成时： had been + V-过去分词 Our classroom had been cleaned. 7）现在进行时： is/am/are + being + V-过去分词 Our classroom is being cleaned now. 8）过去进行时：was/were + being + V-过去分词 Our classroom was being cleaned at that time. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页