2022年国际商务英语重点总结.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 国际商务英语重点总结第一章一、挑选判定题1. What is communication. Transmission of information and meaning from one person or group to another. 二、简答题1.Why do you need good communication skills. （为什么你需要良好的沟通技巧）Good communication skills are essential for （良好的沟通技巧是 的基本）Job placement （工作支配）Job perfo

2、rmance （工作表现）Career advancement （职业进展）Success in the new world of work （事业胜利）2. How may the sender encode a message. （发件者通过什么方式发送信息）Verbally or nonverbally. By speaking, writing, gesturing. （口头或者非口头, 类似说、 写、手势）3. What kinds of channels carry messages.（信息以什么方式承载）Letters, e-mail, memos, TV, telephone,

3、 voice, body. （信件、邮件、 备忘录、 电视、电话、声音、躯体）4. How does a receiver decode a message.（接收者如何接收信息）Hearing, reading, observing. （听、读、观看）5. When is communication successful. （什么时候沟通被视为胜利的）When a message is understood as the sender intended it to be. （当信息被懂得为发送者所期望 的时候）6. How can a communicator provide for fee

4、dback. （如何给沟通者供应反馈）Ask questions, check reactions. （提问、检查反映）7. Keys to Building Powerful Listening Skills（建立强大倾听技巧的关键）Stop talking. （停止说话）Control your surroundings. （掌握四周的环境）Establish a receptive mind-set. （建立一个敬重的态度）Keep an open mind. （保持一个开放的思维方式）Listen for main points. （倾听主要观点）Capitalize on lag t

5、ime. （利用滞后时间）Listen between the lines. （在范畴内倾听）Judge ideas, not appearances.（从观点做出判定而不是外表）Hold your fire. （掌握脾气）Take selective notes.（做简要笔记）Provide feedback. （供应反馈）8. Nonverbal Communication （非口头沟通包括哪些）Eye contact, facial expression, and posture and gestures send silent messages. （眼神沟通、面部 表情、姿态和手势发出

6、的无声信息）9. Keys to Building Strong Nonverbal Skills（建立强大非口头沟通技巧的关键）Establish and maintain eye contact. （建立眼神沟通）Use posture to show interest. （用姿态表示爱好）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Improve your decoding skills. （提高接收信息的技巧）Probe for more information. （探究更多信息）Avoid assigning no

7、nverbal meanings out of context. （防止意思之外的非语言表达）Associate with people from diverse cultures. （将人与其对应的文化背景相联系）Appreciate the power of appearance. （对外在作出称赞）Enlist friends and family. （争取伴侣和家人的帮忙）10. Improving Communication Among Diverse Workplace Audiences （提高与不同场所中对象的 沟通技巧）Understand the value of diff

8、erences. （懂得价值观的差异）Create zero tolerance for bias. （争取零偏差的懂得对方观点和表达自己观点）Learn about your own cultural self. （明白自己的文化）Learn about other cultures （明白其他的文化）Make fewer workplace assumptions. （少做工作场所的假设）Build on similarities. （建立相像的对比）其次章一、挑选判定题1. Choosing Communication Channels Face-to-face conversation

9、 , Telephone call , Voice mail message , Fax , E-mail , Face-to-face group meeting , Video-or teleconference , Memo , Letter , Report or proposal . 二、改错题1.从观众的角度和利益动身,语气客气委婉 2.强调使用其次人称 you,而不是 we,us,our 3.使用交谈语气但略显正式不要太口语化,同时要简洁 4.使用积极的语言,即多使用确定句,尽量不要显现强硬的 must 和否定假设5.使用包涵性词语,不要显现his/her 等易产生性别鄙视的用词

10、6.使用有礼貌的语言,不要过分命令化和粗鲁化第三章一、简答题1. Collecting Information （猎取信息的途径）Search manually books, magazines, journals. （手动搜寻：书籍、杂志、期刊）Access electronically Internet, databases, CDs.（使用电子方式：网络、数据库、CD）Go to the source interviews, surveys, questionnaires, focus groups. 问卷调查、小组调查）（直接接触：采访、调查、Conduct scientific ex

11、periments measure variables using control groups.（科学试验：设立对比组、试验组进行比较）2.Tips for Making Outlines （制作大纲的技巧）Define main topic in title. （将主题定义为标题）Divide the topic into three to five main points.（将主题分为三到五个主要论点）Break the components into subpoints. （进行分段）Make each component exclusive no overlapping. 复）（每一

12、个段落进行分别论述：段落内容不重Use details and evidence to support subpoints. （使用细节和证据证明论点）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3.The advantages of direct strategy and indirect strategy （直接策略和间接策略的优点）Direct strategy: （直接策略）Saves readers time（节省读者时间）Sets a proper frame of mind （树立的观点鲜明）Prevents

13、frustration （防止歧义）Indirect strategy ：（间接策略）Respects feelings of audience（敬重读者感受）Encourages a fair hearing（勉励公平的倾听）Minimizes a negative reaction （削减抵触心情）4.When direct strategy and indirect strategy use. （直接策略和间接策略使用的合适时间）Direct strategy ：（直接策略）Receiver is receptive（接收者是易接受的）Receiver requires no educa

14、tion about topic （接受信息不需要该主题的相关学问作为基础）Message is routine （常规消息）Indirect strategy ：（间接策略）Receiver may be upset or hostile （接收者是担心或敌对的）Receiver must be persuaded or educated （接收者必需被说服或训练）Message is sensitive（信息比较敏锐）二、改错题1.用分号和逗号将长句分开易于浏览 2.主动语态与被动语态间的转换,主动语态更多用于商务写作,被动语态强调动作而非动作 执行者,被动语态也常用于宣布坏消息3.并列与

15、平行架构间的省略,并列式尽量主语一样 4.词序、主语引起的歧义需要改正第四章一、简答题1. Designing Documents for Readability （设计文章使文章更具有可读性）（1）Employ white space. （留出空白）Headings（标题）Short paragraphs（短小的段落）Ragged-right margins（右边距合适）（2）Choose appropriate typefaces. （挑选合适的字体）Useful for body text （用于正文的字体）Times New Roman、宋体Useful for headings （用

16、于标题的字体）Arial、方正姚体（3）Use bulleted and numbered lists. （使用项目标号或标号列表）Break up complex information into smaller chunks.（把复杂的信息分成更小的块）Use numbered lists for sequences. （使用标号列表）Use bulleted lists for items that dont require a certain order.（使用不需要标号的列表）2. How to Proofread Complex Documents （如何校对复杂的文件）Allow

17、 adequate time. （留出足够多的时间）Print a copy and set it aside for a day. （打印一份复印件至于旁边）Be prepared to find errors. （做好查找出错误的预备）Read once for meaning and once for grammar/mechanics.（一遍从语法动身一遍从结构动身）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Reduce your reading speed.（减慢你的阅读速度）For documents that

18、 must be perfect, have someone read the message aloud.（对于文件必需是完善的,应当有人能够大声的将上面的信息读出来）Note names, difficult words, capitalization and punctuation. 点符号的正确运用）二、改错题（留意名称、生僻词、大小写和标1.防止句子冗长,将宾语从句 that 或其他动词前的内容删去 2.防止使用 there is/was 或 it is/was ,尽量将其删去 3.移除重复词或用其他词进行简略化的代换 4.将术语转化成一般话语 5.将带 ment 或 tion 的名

19、词转化为动词 6.去掉不必要的副词7.用更清楚的话替换模糊词,例如用名字而不是The man,明确的方案而不是The plan,清晰的形容词而不是笼统的形容词,详细的方式而不是一个动词8.使用数字标号代替First,图标进行更加清楚的描述,尽量用首词进行段落或topic 的概括第五章一、挑选判定题1. Writing Plan for Information and Procedure E-Mail Messages and Memos Subject line: Summarize the message content. Opening: Expand the subject line b

20、y stating the main idea concisely in a full sentence. Body: Provide background data and explain the main idea. In describing a procedure or giving instructions, use command language do this, dont do that. Closing: Request action, summarize the message, or present a closing thought. 2. Writing Plan f

21、or Requests Subject line: Summarize the request and note the action desired. Opening: Begin with the request or a brief statement introducing it. Body: Provide background, justification, and details. If asking questions, list them in parallel form. Closing: Request action by a specific date. If poss

22、ible, provide a reason. Express appreciation, if appropriate. 3. Writing Plan for Replies Subject line: Summarize the main information from your reply. Opening: Start directly by responding to the request with a summary statement. Body: Provide additional information and details in a readable format

23、. Closing: Add a concluding remark, summary, offer of further assistance, or request for further action. 二、简答题1. Components of E-Mail and Memos （E-mail 和备忘录的组成部分）（1）Subject Line（标题）Summarize message clearly and concisely.（清楚概括地总结信息）Avoid meaningless one-word headings, such as Help or Urgent. 如Help 或

24、者 Urgent ）（2）Opening（开头）Frontload main idea immediately. （立刻表达出中心思想）（防止使用单词作为标题例名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Avoid reviewing background. （防止重复背景）（3）Body（主体）Organize information and explanations logically. （将信息和说明有规律地组织起来）Cover just one topic. （紧紧环围着一个主题绽开表达）Use numbered a

25、nd bulleted lists. （使用标号或次序表）Consider adding headings for visual impact. （考虑添加小标题带来视觉上的的更深印象）（4）Closing options （结尾）End with action information, dates, and deadlines.Summarize the message.（总结全部信息）Provide a closing thought. （防止封闭式的思想）（以活动信息、日期、截止期限等结尾）2. Using E-Mail Smartly, Safely, and Professional

26、ly（如何聪慧地、安全地、专业地使用 E-mail）（1）Getting Started （开篇）Consider composing off line. （考虑好整篇的思路）Type the receivers address correctly.（正确输入接收者的地址）Avoid misleading subject lines. （防止对主题有任何误导）（2）Content, Tone, Correctness（内容,语调,正确性）Be concise.（简明）Dont send anything you wouldnt want published.（不要发送任何你不想公开的信息）Do

27、nt use e-mail to avoid contact. （不要用电子邮件防止联系）Care about correctness and tone. （关注语气是否合适）Resist humor and rage.（防止过分地幽默和愤慨）（3）Netiquette （礼节）Limit any tendency to send blanket copies. （限制对使用复制的倾向）Never send “spam. ”（永久都不要发送垃圾邮件）Consider using identifying labels, such as ACTION, FYI, RE, URGENT.（考虑使用合

28、适的标签）Use capital letters only for emphasis or for publication titles. 母）Seek permission before forwarding. （在转发前寻求许可）（4）Reading and Replying（阅读和回复）（仅用于强调和标题时使用大写字Scan all messages before replying.（回复前阅读全部信息）Acknowledge receipt. （确认收到）Dont automatically return the sender（不要自动送回发件人的消息）Revise the subje

29、ct line if the topic changes. （假如主体变更要修改主题行）Provide a clear, complete first sentence. （使用清楚完整的首句）Never respond when you are angry. （永久不要在愤慨时回复）（5）Personal Use（个人使用）Dont use company computers for personal matters unless allowed by your organization.（除非组 织答应,不要使用公司电脑进行个人事务）Assume that all e-mail is mo

30、nitored. （假设全部邮件都被监控）（6）Other Smart Practices （其他小技巧）Consider cultural differences. （考虑文化差异）Double-check before hitting the Send button.（在发送前再做一次检查）第六章名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一、简答题1. Why are letters still important in business. （为什么在商务中信件仍旧很重要）They produce a permanen

31、t record. （可以形成永久性的记录）Unlike e-mail, they are confidential. （相比于邮件更加秘密）They convey formality and sensitivity. （可以表述更敏锐的信息也更正式）They deliver persuasive, well-considered messages.（他们传递更具有说服力和更深思熟虑的消 息）2. Goals in Adjustment Letters （调整信件的目的）To rectify the wrong, if one exists （假如存在错误可以订正）To regain the

32、confidence of the customer （重拾顾客的信心）To promote future business and goodwill （促进将来的业务和商誉）3. Using Sensitive Language（使用敏锐语言需要留意的）Dont use negative words trouble, regret, misunderstanding, fault, error, inconvenience, you claim.（不要使用负面词语）Dont blame customerseven when they may be at fault. （就算顾客有错误也不要指

33、责客户）Dont blame individuals or departments within your organization. （不要指责你组织中的部门或 个体）Dont make unrealistic promises.（不要许不切实际的诺言）第七章一、简答题1. When is persuasion necessary.（何时需要进行劝告）Requests for time, money, information, special privileges, and cooperation require persuasion.（需要时间,金钱,信息,特权和合作的时候需要进行劝告）2

34、. Why are requests granted. （为什么恳求是理所当然的）Requests may be granted because the receivers ：（恳求是理所当然的由于接收者）are genuinely interested in your project.（对你的项目很感爱好）see benefits for others. （看到了别人的利益）expect goodwill potential for themselves.（对他们自己很有潜力）feel obligated as professionals to contribute their time o

35、r expertise to pay their dues.（觉得有 义务为为专业人士奉献时间或对方会支付相关费用）3. Persuading Within Organizations （组织内部的劝告）（1）Persuading subordinates （说服下属）Instructions or directives moving downward usually require little persuasion. However, persuasion may be necessary to ：（指令或命令通常只需要较小的说服力,然而说服仍旧是必 要的）ask workers to p

36、erform outside their work roles（要求下属扮演工作之外的角色）accept changes not in their best interests such as pay cuts, job transfers or reduce benefits.（要 说服的事情不影响其利益,如：削减工资,工作调整,削减福利）（2）Persuading the boss（说服上级）In requests moving upward ：（说服上级的基础）provide evidence. （供应证据）名师归纳总结 dont ask for too much.（不要求太多）（使用“

37、 建议” 和“ 举荐” 等词语）第 6 页,共 12 页use words such as “suggest ” and “- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Sentences should sound nonthreatening, for example, “It might be a good idea if.” 携带威逼的成分,例如“ 假如这样,这将是一个很好的方法”）4. Gaining Attention （如何吸引留意力）Question （设问）Benefit （达成相关利益）Offer（供应一个挑选）Quotation or prov

38、erb （引用谚语）Related fact（相关事实）Testimonial（客户评判）Startling Statement （令人惊讶的例子）5. Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs（马斯洛的需求层次理论）Physiological needs include the need for food, clothing, and shelter. 衣和居住的需要）（生理需求保罗对食物、穿Security and safety needs include the need to be free from physical danger and to be secure in

39、 the feeling that physiological needs can be met. 安全的需要）（安全需求包括对身体安全和安全感仍有心理Social needs involve the need to be loved, to be accepted, and to belong. （社会需求包括被爱,被接受和归属感的需要）Ego needs involve the need to be heard, to be appreciated, and to be wanted.（敬重需要包括被 倾听背心上和被需要的需求）Self-actualizing needs involve

40、the need to achieve one（自我实现需要包括实现个人目标的需求）6. Eliciting Desire（如何激发顾客欲望）Testimonials（客户评判）Names of satisfied users with permission （中意的客户名称：被答应供应的情形下）Money-back guarantee or warranty （退款保证或保修）Free trial or sample （免费试用的样品）Performance tests, polls, or awards （性能测试、投票、抽奖）Objections and questions （对反对看法

41、的反馈和解答）7. Motivating Action （增加积极性的方法）Offer a gift （赠送礼物）Promise an incentive （承诺嘉奖）Limit the offer （限量供应）Set a deadline（设立截止日期）Guarantee satisfaction （保证中意）第八章一、简答题1. Guidelines for Developing Informal Reports （撰写非正式报告的步骤）Determine problem and purpose. （打算主题）Gather data. （收集数据）Organize data.（整理数据）W

42、rite first draft. （初稿撰写）Edit and revise.（编辑和修改）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2. Gathering Data for Reports （为报告收集数据的来源）Company records（公司记录）Personal observations （个人观看）Surveys and questionnaires（调查问卷）Interviews （采访）Printed material （印刷品）Electronic resources（电子资源）二、作文题1.Inf

43、ormation Report （信息报告）Information reports provide findings without analysis or persuasion. For example, your boss asks you to investigate prepaid legal services as a possible employee benefit.（信息报告供应无分析或 说服的结果；例如,你的老板要求你调查预付费法律服务作为一个可能的员工福利；）（1）Introduction （介绍）Explain why you are writing; define pu

44、rpose. （介绍写作的目的）Describe credibility of data methods and sources. （描述数据、方法的来源及可信度）Provide background. （供应选题的背景）Preview what is to follow. （预览接下来的内容）（2）Findings（调查结果）Organize alphabetically, topically, by importance, or by journalism style who, what, when, where, why, and how.（按新闻或者重要性有次序地排列：谁、什么、什么时

45、候、什么地点、缘由、如何）Use appropriate headings. （使用适当的标题）（3）Conclusion（结论）Summarize findings. （总结调查结果）Suggest action to be taken. （提出建议）Express appreciation.（致谢）2. Progress Reports（进度报告）Progress reports explain the progress of continuing projects. For example, you must report on the progress of a golf contes

46、t your organization is planning.（进展报告说明了连续性项目的进展；例如,你必需报告一个你正在方案组织的高尔夫竞赛的进展；）（1）第一段：介绍Specify in the opening the purpose and nature of the project.（阐明项目的目的和性质）Provide background information if the audience requires filling in.（供应读者需要明白的背景信息）Describe the work completed. （介绍已完成的工作）（2）其次段：主体Explain the work currently in progress, including personnel, activities, methods, and locations.（阐述正在进行的工作包括人员、活动、方法、地点）Anticipate