2022年备战年高考英语考点一遍过专题阅读理解记叙文.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 考点 44 阅读懂得记叙文 高考频度：记叙文类文章描述的是一件详细事情的发生、进展和结局,通常有时间、地点、人物、大事等；有些 文章是按大事进展的经过为主线表达的,在表达的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的次序表达的,有 顺叙、倒叙等；从总体上来讲,文章的难度通常不大,在阅读过程中,我们始终在某个线索的引导下,随 着作者的思路去明白一个故事或一件事情的始末,因此会感到比较轻松；命题往往从故事的情节、人物或 大事之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手,考查同学对细节的辨认才能以及推理判定才能；阅读此类文章应特殊留意：（1）如是一

2、般故事性文章,应读懂故事的发生、进展、高潮和结局；（2）如是哲理故事,要懂得故事所包蕴的哲理意义；（3）如是逸闻趣事,应体会对话的风趣性,进而才能感受幽默的精髓；二、命题方式考向一 细节事实懂得 一篇文章必定是由很多详细的细节、详细的内容构成的,全部这些信息以某种次序（时间、空间、情 感变化等）排列起来,来进一步说明或阐释主题,表达文章的主旨大意；细节懂得题目主要考查同学对文章详细事实和细节的懂得才能,属于表层懂得题范畴,难度较小,但 在整个阅读懂得题中所占比例最大,细节懂得题多从文章的某个详细事实或细节动身来设计题目；此类题通常依据文章详细内容来设问,也常使用以下方式来提问：4.Accord

3、ing to the passage, when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc.？1. 直接事实题 在解答这类问题时要求同学抓住题干文字信息,采纳针对性方法进行阅读,由于这类题的答案在文章 中可以直接找到；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 30 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. This dam was built to protect the land and

4、houses around the river. This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road, which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.

5、There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover dams in the world, Dam in honor of a president of the United St

6、ates. Hoover Dam, one of the highest is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada. Q：Hoover Dam lies_ . A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B D项； zx*xk 【解析】由其次段的第一句话和最终一段的最终一句话可得出正确答案是【答案】 D 2. 间接事实题 解答此类题,需要结合上下文供应的语境和信息进行

7、简洁的概括和判定或者要进行简洁的运算；Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian, host of the well-received TV programme Stars Tonight , Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991, appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old, Luo Lin has never dreamed

8、of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years. However, it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper mann

9、ers, designed by the Asia TV Station. 名师归纳总结 It s really a hard job for me. I wont enter for such competition any more. Anyhow, I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. 第 2 页,共 30 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - This time,

10、in Shanghai, I d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience,said Luo Lin with a sweet smile. Q：Which of the following is NOT true. A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin

11、 to become Miss Asia. 【答案】3. 数据推算；If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time, you will save_ . A. $100 B.$300 C.$350 D.$400 这类题目要求同学就文章供应的数据,以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简洁运算和推断；在做此类题 时：1. 要抓住并正确懂得与数据有关的信息含义；2. 弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息,那些属于干扰信息；3. 不要孤立看待数字信息,而要抓住一些关键用语的意义；考向二 主题懂得或写作

12、意图推断 一、主旨阅读懂得题考查的内容 1. 短文的标题（ title,headline）；2. 短文或段落的主题（subject ）；3. 中心思想 main idea；4. 作者的写作目的 purpose ；二、此类题的设问方式名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 30 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 考向三 推理推断 推理题要求考生依据文章供应的事实和线索进行规律推理,推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实 或者可能发生的事实；这类题旨在考查同学透过词语的字面意义去懂得作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能 力,属于深层懂得题；此类题的设问常常包括infer,

13、imply, suggest, conclude 等词,这类题的设问方式主要有：5.The author suggests in this para7.It can be inferred that_9.On the whole, 114.When the writer talks about, 15.Whats the writ考向四 词义、句义推测；词义推测阅读懂得题考查对文中关键词语的懂得；在阅读懂得题中,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不 停留在字面上,要依据语境来判定；此类题的设问方式主要有名师归纳总结 1.The word .第 4 页,共 30 页2.As used in the pa

14、ssage, the phrase . sugg3.From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4.The word . is closest in meaning to. 猜词是应用英语的重要才能,也是高考中常用的题型；它不但需要精确无误地懂得上下文,而且要有较大 的泛读量,把握或熟悉较多的课外词汇；我们要学会顺藤摸瓜,通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对 比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义；1. 定义法；如：Annealing is a way of maki

15、ng metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子赐予 annealing 以明确的定义,即退火；It will be very hard but also very brittle that is,it will break easily. 从后面的说明中我们可以明白到brittle是脆的意思；The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就说明白 herdsman 的词

16、义为牧人；2. 同位法；如：They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times. 同位语部分 a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的准确词义,即城堡；We are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 A. m.this week. 两个破折号之间的短语很清晰地说明 night shift 是夜班的意思；3. 对比法；如：She is usually prompt for all her class,

17、but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一词表转折,因此but 前后的意思正相反；后半句的意思是她今日第一节 上了一半才来,因此反向推理,可得出她平常一向准时的结论；4. 构词法 前缀、后缀、复合、派生等 ；如：Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred. possibility 是 possible的同根名词,据此可以判确定possibility 意思是可能性；5. 因果法；如：The lack o

18、f movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 从后面的结果永久不能再运动中,可以估计 permanent 的意思为永久的,永久；【解题技巧】高考阅读懂得体裁纷繁多样,但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文；在全部的阅读体裁中,记叙文的难度相对是比较低的；假如把握了阅读的技巧,多多实践,阅读才能就有可能大大提高；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 30 页精选学习资料 - -

19、- - - - - - - 要娴熟把握记叙文的阅读技巧,明白记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的；一、 记叙文写作特点 记叙文是一种记载和表达大事由来,描画事物和人物情形状态、过程及进展的文体；消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体,都属于记叙文的范畴；就写作次序而言,记叙文要么是按时间次序,要么是按大事的重要性的次序来绽开；不管是哪种 表达方法,最终常常会有一两句话抒发作者的心情与感悟,这是记叙文的精华所在,也是阅读的难点所在,可谓一篇之妙,在于落句；二、 记叙文命题特点 从命题形式上看,常见的有细节懂得、词义推测、主旨大意、推理判定、作者意图等题型；除了 推论或词

20、义辨识题,记叙文命题的次序一般都会依据文章的脉络和故事进展的次序层层推动,否就就会觉 得别扭,规律不通；同时,记叙文需要大事的进展过程作支撑,一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事 的明白,因此,我们必需弄明白整件事情的进展脉络；而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目,就取决 于文章的落句,集中考查对作者所发的感受的懂得；总之,细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型；而寓意之类 的题就是高一层次的题,有肯定的难度和区分度,它们是拉开距离的题,答对了这些题,你才有可能胜利 地跻身高分之列；综上所述,记叙文的应计策略即：不漏细节,奠定基础；把准寓意,方能胜利；三、 记叙文答题技巧 一把钥匙开一把锁；要解答好记叙

21、文阅读懂得题,就应当有一套针对性强的方法和技巧；下面是 我们在阅读教学中积存下来的一点心得体会,期望能对大家有所帮忙；No.1 顺藤摸瓜记叙文中有大量的大事进展过程中的细节,包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素；因此我们作答细节题的时候,就没有那么复杂,一般只需要由前到后,从上到下,一题一题地做就可 以了；No.2 左顾右盼 在做题过程中,我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子；这时我们需要仔细讨论问 题,抓住题干中的关键词语,然后到文中精确地找到与之相关的语句,或是疑似语句的位置,接着去左顾,或右盼,在前句或后句查找线索；追根究底 No.3

22、 如前所述,主旨大意题或推理判定、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题,或者说是可用同种 方法解答的题型；在解答此类题目的时候,不行被题干的表象所困惑,要像剥洋葱一样,一层一层地剥；名师归纳总结 在四个可选项中, 一个一个地去证明, 去排除；特殊是解答推论或暗指类的题目,比如 What can be inferred 第 6 页,共 30 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - from .或是What does the author imply in .之类的题目,文中所陈述的往往不是答案；我们要在文前文后去查找,在字里行间里去查找；有时仍少不了借助自己的

23、生活体会和常理来体会这言外之意；No.4 拨云见日 每年的高考阅读题中,特殊是记叙文的阅读题,都会显现一至两道词义推测题；而这些词汇往往 是你素昧平生的,或者和你有点头之交,在文中却另有新意的,总之,猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外 的词汇；小小的一个词,一个短语,考核的不是你的语法的娴熟程度,也不是你的记忆力,而是你对文章 通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通才能；这时,你不仅需要左顾右盼,仍需要在几句话,一个段落,乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速 搜寻,看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物,或者人物与事物之间的内在联系,才可能 在最终拨开团团迷雾,从四个选项中选出正确答案；题组一（ 20

24、22 年高考真题）I work with Volunteers Passage12022 全国新课标卷I ,C at Bailey Arboretum for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a

25、rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl 猫头鹰 on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety. I examined the chick 雏鸟 and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no

26、luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down. Now all that was needed were the p

27、arents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the ni

28、ght might bring. 名师归纳总结 A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all. The homeowner 第 7 页,共 30 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and acti

29、ve. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all LUNCH. The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so. 24. What is unavoidable in the authors rescue work according to pa ragraph 1. A. Efforts made in vain. B. Getting injured in his work. C. Feeling uncertain

30、 about his future. D. Crea tures forced out of their homes. 25. Why was the author called to Muttontown. A. To rescue a woman. B. To take care of a woman. C. To look at a baby owl. D. To cure a young owl. 26.What made the chick calm down. A. A new nest. B. Some food. C. A recording. D. Its parents.

31、27.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event. A. It s unexpected. B. It s beautiful. C. It s humorous. D. It s discouraging. Passage22022 全国新课标卷 II ,B I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid , introduced us in New York

32、City. When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paul he stood up for me. I dont know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers. The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sti

33、ng four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft（技艺） and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of

34、 American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core（核心） of our relationship off the screen. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 30 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - We shared the brief that if youre fort unate enough to have succe

35、ss, you should put something back he with his Newman s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other fi

36、nancially and by showing up at events. I last saw him a few months ago. Hed been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn t talk about it. Ours w as a relationship that didnt need a lot of words. 24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first

37、. A. Paul Newman wanted it. B. The studio powers didnt like his agent.C. He wasnt famous enough.D. The director recommended someone else. 25.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship. A. They were of the same age. B. They worked in the same theater. C. They were both good actors. D. They

38、 have similar characteristics. 26.What does the underlined word A. Their belief. B. Their care for children. C. Their success. D. Their support for each other. that in paragraph 3 refer to. 27.What is the authors purpose in writing the text. A. To show his love of films. B. To remember a friend. C.

39、To introduce a new movie. D. To share his acting experience. 名师归纳总结 Passage32022 全国新课标卷III,B employees were busy sweeping Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, 第 9 页,共 30 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had

40、been repeated many times in the theater s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the buildings end.The film classic The Last Picture Sh

41、ow was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town

42、where the only movie theater is preparing to close down. Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theaters location 位置 was also a reason. This used to be the center of town, he said. Now the area is mostly office buildings an

43、d warehouses.Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to buil

44、d a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed. 24. In what way was yesterdays cleanup at the Plaza special.A. It m

45、ade room for new equipment. B. It signaled the closedown of the theater. C. It was done with the help of the audience. D. It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater. 25. Why was The Last Picture Show put on. A. It was an all-time classic. B. It was about the history of the town. C. The audience requested it. D. The theater owner found it suitable. 26. What will probably happen to the building. A. It will be repaired. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 30 页