2022年高中英语语法被动语态.docx
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_05.gif)
《2022年高中英语语法被动语态.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2022年高中英语语法被动语态.docx(7页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载被动语态一、语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式, 用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系;英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态;主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承担者;谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句,谓语动词被动语态的句子叫被动句;一般来说,主动语态侧重于行为者,被动语态侧重于动作的对象或动作本身;如:主动句: They built this bridge.他们修的这座桥;被动句: This bridge was built by them.这桥由他们建造;二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+及物动
2、词的过去分词” 构成,助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规章与be作为系动词的变化完全一样;英语主动语态的时态共有十六种,而被动语态只有十种;三、主动语态变被动语态 主动语态转换成被动语态分三步走:第一步是将主动语态中的宾语放在句首,其次步是将主动语态中的谓语变成被动形式,第三步是将主动语态中的主语放在被动句的谓语之后,在前面再加上介词 by,引出动作的执行者;简言之,主动语态变被动语态时, 主语与宾语交换位置, 谓语变为被动形式, 执行者前加by;Chinese. 宾语 by us. 宾语 主动语态:We speak 主语 谓语 Chinese is spoken 主语 谓语 主动语
3、态转换成被动语态分三种情形:第一种句型 :主语 +谓语+宾语,主语与宾语交换位置;例如:I sent an email last night.昨天夜里我发了一封电子邮件; (主动结构)An email was sent by me last night.一封电子邮件昨天夜里(由我)发出了;动结构)(被其次种句型 :主语 +谓语+宾语 +宾语,将其中任意一个宾语与主语交换位置;例 如:My parents bought me a new computer.我的父母亲给我买了一台新电脑; (主动结 构)A new computer was bought for me.有人给我买了一台新电脑; (被
4、动结构)I was bought a new computer.有人给我买了一台新电脑; (被动结构)第三种句型 :主语 +谓语 +复合宾语,将其中的宾语提到句首,而将宾语补足语 仍留在原先的位置;例如:We found him lying under the tree.我们发觉他躺在树底下; (主动结构,宾语补足 语为现在分词;)He was found lying under the tree.他被发觉躺在树底下; (被动结构,主动结构的名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载宾语补足语 lying
5、under the tree在此变成了主语补足语; )四、八种常用时态的被动语态举例1、一般现在时 is/am/are done A lot of books are kept in our school library.我们学校图书馆有很多藏书;Radio is used in everyday life.收音机用于日常生活;2、一般过去时 was/were done A thief was caught last night.一个小偷昨晚被抓了;他们被邀请在会议上讲话;They were asked to speak at the meeting.3、现在进行时 is/am/are bei
6、ng done A new library is being put up in their school now.他们学校正在建新图书馆;The watch is being repaired.这块表正在修理;4、过去进行时 was/were being done The door was being painted at that time.那时门仍在油漆;The equipment was being examined at this time yesterday.昨天这个时间正在检 查设备;5、一般将来时 shall/will be done The class meeting wil
7、l be held next Saturday afternoon.班会下周六下午召开;The thieves will be arrested.这些小偷将被逮捕;6、过去将来时 should/would be done They said the work would be finished the next day. 他们说这项工作其次天就能 完成;7、现在完成时 have/has been done My bag has been stolen.我的包被偷了;Many stamps have been collected by me since last year.从去年开头我收集了许
8、多邮票;8、过去完成时 had been done She said this airport had never been used. 她说这个机场没有使用过;五、被动语态的用法1、当不知道谁是动作的执行者时,用被动语态;例如:His bike has been stolen.他的自行车被人偷走了;This window was smashed last night.这扇窗户昨天晚上被打破了;2、在没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时,用被动语态;例如:China was liberated in 1949.中国是一九四九年解放的;I was told you were late this
9、morning.我听说你今日早晨迟到了;3、强调或突出动作的承担者时,用被动语态;例如:方案已经制定好了;The plan has already been made.Wu Ying may be elected secretary of the Party committee.吴英可能当选为党委 书记;用被动语态时, 如需同时指出动作的执行者, 可用“ 介词 by+动作执行者(宾格)”这一结构;例如:Midnight was written by Mao Dun. 半夜是茅盾写的;This picture cant have been drawn by him.这张画不行能是他画的;名师归纳
10、总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载六、使用被动语态应留意的事项1、及物动词能构成被动语态,不及物动词不能构成被动语态;例如:English is spoken in every country in the world.英语在世界各国都有人使用;(及物)Children sleep soundly.小孩子睡的香;(不及物)某些不及物动词与介词或副词构成不行分割的短语时,例如:如有宾语,可用被动语态;The speaker was listened to carefully.人们倾听发言人的讲话;This l
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 2022 年高 英语语法 被动 语态
![提示](https://www.taowenge.com/images/bang_tan.gif)
限制150内