2022年高一定语从句教案以及习题3.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载语法复习一：定语从句（一）定义1在复合句中（一个句子的某一成分由句子承当）,修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句；在句中起定语的作用 . 2被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词 antecedent 1 The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句2 You must do everything that I do. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句二：关系代词的作用 ; 1.连接主句和从句；2.代表被修饰的先行词；3.在定语从句做一个句子成分；eg. This

2、 is the room which I lived in last year. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句三：定语从句中有 关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that, as. 关系副词 when, where, why 等引导定语从句；（四）：用关系代词仍是用关系副词关系代词起代词的作用,关系副词起副词的作用,因此同样的先行词, 选用什么样的关系词,要由它在定语从句中担任的规律作用来打算；名师归纳总结 关 系词行先行词充当成分第 1 页,共 13 页who 人主、宾、表人宾Whom 代 词That 人& 物主、宾、表Which 物主、宾、表物主、宾As - - -

3、 - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Whose=of whomof 学习必备欢迎下载定语人& 物which When=atinonduring 时间状which 关Where=atinto which 地点状系 副 词缘由状Why=for which 以上三者状that 在口语中可以代替关系副词表语 ：是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be 之后,说明主语身份,特点,属性或状态；一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当；在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫 定语 ；This is the place where we work. （ vi.） 关系词所做的成分关

4、键是有从句中的动词来打算的 This is the place which we visited. vt. 做主语 The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves. 做宾语 The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school. 做表语 Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be. 做定语 She has a brother whose name I cant remember.做状

5、语 The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.1.在定语从句中,that 和 which 用来指代物；eg：This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest. 2.在定语从句中,who 用来指代人；eg：I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK. 3.当 who 在定语从句中做宾语时,可以用whom 来取代,且whom 比 who 更正式；other eg：I don t know t

6、he name of the teacher who/whom I saw in the computer room theday. 名师归纳总结 4.当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,who,whom,which 和 that 可以被省略；第 2 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载eg：He likes all the birthday presentsthat/whichhis friends gave him. 5. Whose 用来表示所属,它既可指人也可指物；eg：I sat next to a girl wh

7、ose name was Diane. The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturdayafternoon.（五）：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分1二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词之间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词, 可以由关系代词 关系副词或 that 来引导； 非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不行用 that 引导；限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关从句是先行词不行缺少的定语,如从句只是对先行词的,系果

8、省去,主句的意思就会不完整或附加说明,假如省去不明确；主句的意思仍旧清晰或完整标点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开名师归纳总结 关指人 who that whom 指人who （作主语）第 3 页,共 13 页系指物 which that whom（做宾语）代人和物 whose 指物 which 词关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以人和物的 whose 省去关系代词一般不行省- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 修饰学习必备欢迎下载可以修饰一个名词或从句只修饰一个名词或代词代词也可修饰整个主 句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译

9、成另一个独立的句子形式上限制性先行词不是唯独的非限制性无逗号有逗号内容上先行词是唯独的,定语从句可有可无；关系词可用 that ,why. 作宾语可以省略不行用 that ,why；关系词一律不省；先行词名词或代词名词或代词,也可以使整个句子汉语翻译译作定语译成并列句（六）关系代词that 和 which 的区分 只能用 that 的情形 1 假如先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none ,few.等不 定代词,关系代词一般只用 that,不用 which ；例如：All the people

10、that are present burst into tears. Everything that we saw was interesting. I m interested in everything that I dont know.All that is needed is a supply of oil. 2 假如先等词被all ,little none any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用 that,不用 which. 例如： I read all the books that you gave to me. This i

11、s the only money that I have in my pocket. All the money that was collected was given to the Hope Project. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载3 假如先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时,关系代词常用 that,不用 which ；This is the first book that was written in English. This is the last facto

12、ry that I visited. This is the best film that I have ever seen. This is the funniest thing that I ever heard. 4 假如先等词被the only ,the very , the same ,the last 修饰,关系代词常用that,不用 which. This is the only book that I really like. He was the only person in the office that was invited to the ball. 5 先行词有两个,

13、一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应当用 that；而不用 who, which. 例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 6who ,which 开头的特别疑问句中,关系代词用 that. Who is the person that is standing there. Which of us that knows English doesnt know this.which of th

14、e novel do you like best. 8 先行词是奇数词或是序数词时,关系代词用 that . Yesterday I caught two fish. Now you can see the two that are still alive in the basin of water. 9 当主句“there be 开头时,关系代词要用that 引导的定语从句修饰该句型的主语；There are four desks in the middle of the office that are used for the teachers. 当先行词是 way 、moment 、ti

15、me 等时用 that ,且常省略；Who 做先行词时,引导定语从句用 that; 只能用 which 的情形1 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略；如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom 、are well educated. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Bei jing , which is china学习必备欢迎下载s capital, is r

16、ich in culture.2those/that + 名词后的定语从句用which 引导；不能用关系代词that；That pen which he took is mine. A shop should keep those goods which sells well. 3 介词后只用 which This is the room in which he lived. I don t know the man to whom you talked.The chair on which he is sitting is made of wood. 4 which 仍有一种特别用法,它可以

17、引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念；在这种从句中,which 可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,不用that.例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 5 先行词是 that 时,关系代词要用 which. Whats that which flashed in the sky just now.6 关系代词后面有插入语时,益用关系代词 which. Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you,

18、will help to improve your English. 只用 who, whom. 而不用 that 的情形1 假如先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, those, ones等时,关系代词应当用 who 或 whom,不用 which .that ；例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you. People all like those who have good manners. （ 2） 当先行词是指人的集合名词时,假如作这个名词着眼于集体的整

19、体,关系代词用which; 如是指集体中的各个成员,就用 who；Mr. Smith came to visit my family, who were watching TV then. Our class, which is a very good one, was praised again at the meeting. 5 当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时,常用 who 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载sister. s The aunt/uncle who came to se

20、e us last week is my brother补充 当先行词为by the time ,any time , the way, every time, the first time ,the last time 时,关系词不用 when 而用 that.或省略This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson. The first time I saw him was in 1980 By the time he was 14 he had learned advanced mathematics 但假如 time 前无修饰语 ,

21、关系词用 that when 均可3. 当先行词为 way 时,关系词用 in which ,that, 或省略 . This is the way that/ in which / 不加 he smiles. one of the 与 the one of the 做先行词时谓语不一样；Li Bai is one of the greatest poets that have lived in China. Li Bai is the one of the greatest poets that has lived in China. （九） As 与 which 是有区分的A 相同之处：都

22、可以用来引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的主句所表达的内容；which 可做宾语或表语He failed once more in the match, which was a great pity. He succeeded in the composition, which made his parents very happy. B 区分：1） as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置较敏捷,可以位于主句前面中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但 which 所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后；例如：1 As we all know, Galileos theory of falling ob

23、jects is right.= Galileos theory of falling objects, as we all know, is right= Galileos theory of falling objects is right, as we al l know. 2 As is expected, the England team won the football match. 3 The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone. 4 He was late again, which made me unhappy

24、 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2.）as 有“ 如”学习必备欢迎下载which 没有；后面的谓语动词、“ 正如” 、“ 像” 、“ 正像” 的含义,多是 see, know, expect, say, mention, report 等；Our team won the game, which made us happy. As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China. 3. as 在引导限制性定语从句多与such 或 the same 连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的

25、名词；the same as such .asThis is the same story as he told me. I hope to get such a book as he is using 4.as 也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which ；可代表一个句子；例如：The elephants nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.5.as 做主语时,其后必跟系动词,而 which 无此限制The meeting was put off, as was what we wanted. He was murdered, as

26、 seemed true. 补充put away v.放好 ,整理好 ,抛弃 put on v 穿上put up v.举起,进行 , 供应 ,表现出 , 建造 , 提名 , 推举put off v. 推迟 , 拖延 , 脱掉put into v. 使进入 , 把.翻译成put down v. 放下 , 拒绝 , 登记 , 禁止put out v. 放出 , 生产 , 排除 , 打搅 put in 插话系动词1）状态系动词 be 2）连续系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look, 4）感官系动词 fe

27、el, smell, sound, taste, 5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 6）终止系动词 prove, turn out6）the same as 与 the same .that 的区分：前者修饰的是原物同样的而后者修饰的就是先行词名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载This is the same watch as I lost. 这和我丢的那一只手表是一样的；This is the same watch tha

28、t I lost. 着就是我丢的那一只手表；1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, _ from east to west. Those _ run from north to south are called avenues. A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that 2. This is the case _ hes had all his money stolen. A. when B. where C. that D. on which 3. Mr. Sm

29、ith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, _ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2022. A. where B. when C. which D. how 4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything _ . A. that the little girl asks him C. for the little girl to ask him B. the little girl asks him to D.

30、what the little girl asks him 5. How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin. Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one _ the telephone number is provided. A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose 6. October 15 th is my birthday, _ I will never forget. A. when B. that C. w

31、hat D. which 7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. where C. which D. whose 8. There are several research centers in China _ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. where C. when D. what 9. I hope that

32、 the little _ I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. when 10. The time is not far away _ modern communications will become 名师归纳总结 widespread in Chinas vast countryside. 第 9 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. as B. when C. until 学习必备欢迎下载D. before 11. _

33、 is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it. A. It B. As C. Which D. What 12. I shall never forget the day _ Shen Zhou V was launched, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that 13. The bread my wife makes is much better than _

34、 you can buy at a store. A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which 14. There is no such place _ you dream of in all this world. A. that B. what C. which D. as 15. The people, _ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross. A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes

35、 C. all their homes D. all of their homes 16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, _ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. A. who B. when C. on which D. which 17. Is this research center _ you visited the modern equipment last year. A. where B. that C. the one that

36、 D. the one where 18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old _ they swam in it. A. when B. that C. who D. where 19. The man showed us so heavy a stone _ no man can lift. A. that B. as C. which D. and 20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during _ time he learned much spoken

37、 English. A. that B. this C. which D. same 21. He bought the car for more than $20, 000, _ his father was angry. 名师归纳总结 A. about that B. with as C. when D. with which 第 10 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载22.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of w

38、hich C. both of that D. both of which 23. Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 24.I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. w

39、hich; that D. when; which, 25. This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 26.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;wh

40、at 答案与解析：1. A. 主语与 run 延长 是主动关系,所以用现在分词；Those 指街道,所以不用 who而用 that 来引导定语从句；2. B. 由于在此题中 where 引导定语从句,表示“ 在这种种况下” ,与 in which 相当；3. A. 由于先行词是 Beijing 而不是 this autumn 所以用 where 引导定语从句；4. B. 答案 B 是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句, 另外,to 后仍省略了动词原形 paint ；5. C. 由于 of which 引导定语从句,并在从句中作定语；Of which the telephone number

41、= whose telephone number；6. D. 由于这是个非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面一句话的内容；7. B. 由于表示“ 阶段、程度、地步” 的 the point 在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用where 引导定语从句；8. B. 由于先行词是 research centers 并在定语从句中作状语,所以用 where ；9. C. 由于当先行词是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing等时,多用that引导定语从句；when 引导；此题的先行10. 由于先行词是the time,且在定语从句中作状

42、语,所以用词与定语从句被主句谓语分开了,要善于辨别；11. B. 先行词是 Taiwan is a part of China整个主句,一般由as 或 which 引导定语从句,但 which 引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后,另外,as 有“ 正如” 之意,而which 没有,所以用 as；顺便说说,原句改为：It is known to everybody that Taiwan 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载is = What is known to everybody is that

43、Taiwan is12. A. 两空都是考查定语从句,先行词分别是the day和 Shen Zhou V was launched, the day 在定语从句中作状语,用 when 引导； 后句是非限制性定语从句,不能用 that ,要用 which ；13. A. 由于替代不行数名词the bread 只能用 that ,排除 B 和 D；又由于先行词that the bread 在定语从句中作 buy 的宾语,用 which ,所以选 A；14. D. 当定语从句的先行词前有 such, so, as 等词语时,由 as 引导,并且 as 在定语从句中作主语或宾语, as 在此题中作 dream of 的宾语；留意：在表示“ 如此 以致 ”的 such /so that 结构中, that 不作任何句子成份；15. B. 考查非限制性定语从句,all of whose homes = all of their homes 他们全部的房子；16. D. 由于先行词是前面整个句子,且在从句中作主语,所以用which ；of course是插入语；17. D. 将疑问句改为陈述句：thi