2022年高中英语完形填空解题技巧与指导.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载高中英语完形填空解题技巧与指导一阅读技能与试题设计2003 年颁布的一般高中英语课程标准（试验）明确提出“ 高中阶段要着重提高同学用英语猎取信息和处理信息,分析问题和解决问题的才能”,这就要求同学要不断地提高相应的阅读技能；新课标规定的阅读技能测试要点如下：1懂得主旨大意；2寻读详细信息；3懂得细节；4依据上下文供应语境估计生词词义,进而加深对文段的懂得；5简洁的判定和推理；6懂得文段的基本规律结构；7懂得作者的意图和态度；8懂得文段的文化信息；测试方式共有 11 种,而其中的完形填空也是历届高考必有的题型之一,所占分值比例

2、较大,并且由于在试卷中所处的位置较前,因此如何能在短时间内更好的完成这类试题对考生的影响较大：完形填空做得好,就考生对后面的试题就越有信心；二 NMET 2022 （浙江卷）完形填空NMET 2022（浙江卷）完形填空所给的短文是以作者的父亲给他童年生活带来的爱与欢快而绽开的回忆与联想；试题原文如下：In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. These things come to represent, in fact, what I call _21_and love. I don t r

3、emember my father ever getting into a swimming tool. But he did _22_the water. Any kind of _23_ride seemed to give him pleasure. _24_he loved to fish; sometimes he took me along. But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did. I liked being _25_the water, moving through it, _26_i

4、t all around me. I was not a strong _27_, or one who learned to swim early, for I had my _28_. But I loved being in the swimming pool close to my fathers office and _29_those summer days with my father, who _30_ come by on a break. I needed him to see what I could do. My father would stand there in

5、his suit, the _31_person not in swimsuit. After swimming, I would go _32_ his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me _33_anything I found in his top desk drawer. Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk _34_ he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student migh

6、t come in and tell me perhaps I shouldnt be playing with his _35_. But my father always _36_and said easily, “Oh, no, its _37_.” Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get _38_ an ice creamA poet once said, “We look at life once, in childhood,; the rest is _39_.” And I thinnot only what we “loo

7、k at once, in childhood” that determines our memories, but _40_, in that childhood, look at us. 名师归纳总结 21A. desire B. joy C. anger D. worry 第 1 页,共 5 页22A. avoid B. refuse C. praise D. love 23A. boat B. bus C. train D. bike - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 24A. But 学习好资料欢迎下载B. Then C. And D. St

8、ill 25A. on B. off C. by D. in 26A. having B. leaving C. making D. getting 27A. swimmer B. rider C. walker D. runner 28A. hopes B. faiths C. rights D. fears 29A. spending B. saving C. wasting D. ruining 30A. should B. would C. had to D. ought to 31A. next B. only C. other D. last 32A. away from B. o

9、ut of C. by D. inside 33A. put up B. break down C. play with D. work out 34A. the moment B. the first time C. while D. before 35A. fishing net B. office things C. wooden chair D. lab equipment 36A. stood up B. set out C. showed up D. turned out 37A. fine B. strange C. terrible D. funny 38A. the stud

10、ent B. the assistant C. myself D. himself 39A. memory B. wealth C. experience D. practice 40A. which B. who C. what D. whose 相对于科技类文章而言,这篇表达性的完形填空是比较简洁的,但由于考查的内容除 对文章主旨的懂得外仍涉及到细节的判定和推理,这正是这类题型的难度所在之处；三 完形填空解题技巧 现以 NMET 2022 （浙江卷） 完形填空为例, 笔者愿与大家一起探讨从中发觉的一些解 题技巧；（一）前后呼应法 做完形填空时,要始终抓住文章本身,联系“ 双语境” 来判定,

11、既大语境全文中 心和基调,小语境空格前后句子所构成的语境；再依据前有伏笔后有呼应的思路来做题；如：第 21 题 B,依据后面作者所回忆的事情来判定,他的父亲带给他的应是爱与欢快,所以选 B:joy ,而其他选项都没有给出相应的事情来呼应；第 22 题 D, 由这一段的最终一句“he loved to fish; ” 及第三段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did. 此第 23 题也就能很快找到正确答案是 A: boat ；” 可知父亲喜爱水及一些水上活动；因第 30 题 B,由后面两句可得知

12、父亲会在休息时过来看“ 我” ,特殊后面提到 “My father would stand there in his suit, ”同样这儿用 would 更合理；第 32 题 D,这一段是讲作者在游泳后到他父亲的办公室里玩耍；与后面的 “ sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk ” 相呼应；第 33 题 C,与 35 题所在的句子“- perhaps I shouldn t be playing with his _35_. ”相呼应, 因此 35 题的答案也能从 desk drawer.” 中推断出是 C；33 题“ - where

13、 he let me _33_anything I found in his top 第 38 题 C,由文章大意可知道父亲应是非常爱“ 我” 的,所以有时仍会给“ 我” 钱 买冰淇淋吃；这是与文章的大语境相呼应的；第 39 题 A ,作者认为不仅是我们童年所看到的事物打算了我们的记忆,而且仍包括那时关爱我们的人；所以诗人所说的“the rest” 就应当是memory 与下一句的“determines our memories ” 相呼应；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载（二） But 转折法

14、在完形填空题中,but 一词前后通常会设题；文中一显现but,应当立刻想到前后语意有转折,只要知道其中一方的语意,就可以推出另一方的意思,所以在做题时,遇到类似but 的词,如： however, nevertheless, whereas, yet 等,也可以同样处理,以便于从文中找到解题的依据；仍然以 NMET 2022 （浙江卷）完形填空为例：第 25 题 D,由这一段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, he way my father did ” .及后面的“moving through it, ” 可知“I liked

15、being in the water. ”第 37 题 A, 当父亲的同学或助手认为“ 我” 不应当玩他办公室里的东西时,父亲却 总是轻松地表示没有关系；所以第 37 题答案很明显是 A : fine ；以下就笔者在 2022 年第一学期从事高一英语教学实践过程中遇到的完形填空为例,发觉的其他一些解题技巧；（三）肯定冲突法 肯定冲突法是从选项着手分析,如四个选项中有两个选项是肯定冲突和对立,那么正 确选项大多在这两个对立项之间产生；二者必居其一 .至于到底是两者中的哪一个,就需要进一步依据上下文的语境来判定；例如在 浙江省湖州中学教学讲义高一英语模块一、二（2022,9）第 120 页,完形填

16、空其次段：Most computers have a memory 储备器 . They can work millions of times _3_ than man. That means information can be put in _4_ and be taken out any time when needed. 第 3 题的选项分别是A.slow B. slower C. fast D. faster 据观看应选用比较级,所以先排除A 和 C,在依据后面的一句及我们的常识可知,电脑的工作效率要比人快,所以在 B, D 这两个对立项中,自然就可以很轻松地把正确答案D 选出来了；

17、又如第 90 页的完形填空：The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was enlisted in the World Heritage in 1987. Just _1_ a dragon, it winds its way from east to west of China. With a history of more than 2000 years. Some sections are now in ruins or even entirely_2_ . 第 2 题的选项分别是 A.appeared B. m

18、issed C. went D. disappeared 明显 A 和 D 是对立项, 依据题意可知长城的一些部分已经破败不堪,甚至完全消逝,故答案就是 D. disappeared ；高中学习丛书英语高一（Book1,2 ）第 101 页的完形填空中有一部分是这样的：Jazz is America contribution to _5_ music. Compared to classical music, which _6_ formal European traditions, jazz is a free form. 第 5 题的选项分别是A.classical B. scared C

19、. popular D. light C；其中 A 与 C 相对立,通过后一句“Compared to classical music, ” 可知正确选项为（四）同义复现法 同义复现是英语中常见的一种现象；为强调某一意思,但又不想重复使用某个词或短 语；在完形填空题中,同义词或同义短语的位置多半比较靠近,很简洁找到,所以同义复 现法是很好的解题技巧；无须过多的推理,只需确定是哪里使用了同义复现,然后从选项 中找出与之相符合的一项即可；如 2007 学年第一学期期末考试样卷（湖州市）高一英语完形填空的第三段：That night he wrote a seven-page paper descr

20、ibing his _45_ of someday owning a 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载horse ranch. He wrote his dream in great detail and _46_ drew a diagram of a 200-acre ranch _47_ the locaion of everthing important there. 第 45 题的选项分别是A. mind B. chance C. goal D. design 37 页纸来描正确答案

21、C：goal 与下一句中的dream 同义,并且结合上下文得出他写了述他自己的目标,也就是他的理想；高中学习丛书英语高一（Book1,2 ）第 82 页的完形填空最终一段：I was worried and I sank in my thoughts. I didn 9_ that the coffee was bad, _20_ Steven didnt notice there was a person next to him. 第 19 题的选项分别为 A. pretend B. understand C. insist D. realize 第 20 题的选项分别为 A. as if

22、B. just as C. just after D. even though 第 20 题的正确选项为 B. just as；由此可知第 19 题的正确选项应与由“just as” 引导的从句中的谓语动词“notice” 同义,应选 D. realize；四解题指导无论是哪种形式的阅读技能检测,只有在平常的课堂教学中扎实同学的语言基础,才使同学稳步提高用英语猎取信息,处理信息,发觉问题和解决问题的才能；无法想象一位词汇贫乏,语法不通,句子结构不清的同学能在完形填空题中得高分；所以作为老师的我们有义务从小处着手,从细节做起,逐步地培育同学的解题才能；详细可以从以下几点做起：（一）词汇分类可以单

23、元或模块为单位,把其中的近义词,反义词等归类,这样就能使同学在遇到有同义反复或肯定冲突题型时,更快地找到正确的答案；如在 Book 1 里就有这样一些近义词或词组：opinion, view; destroy, damage; as if, as though; be concerned about, care about; right away, at once 等；反义词或词组有：generous, mean; selfish, selfless; equal, unfair; be fond of, be tired of; think highly of, think little o

24、f 等；（二）句子连接留意句子和句子之间的连接,可应用不同的连接词连接相同的两个句子,观看其产生的意义有何不同；在平常的阅读中也可以指导同学善于发觉句子和句子或段落和段落之间的连接词,并适时对连接词进行总结和归类；例如：表示并列的有：and, too, whats more, in addition, as well as 等；表示因果的有：beacause, since, so that, therefore, as a result等；表示转折或对比的有：while, however, on one hand on the other hand 等；表示总结的有：all in all, i

25、n a word, in conclusion等；明白了句子与句子之间的关系,同学就能更快地懂得文章的主旨,也能从细节中 更有把握地推断出一些有用的信息；（三）讲究策略做完形填空的速度不能太慢,一般要在8 分钟内完成,否就有可能会造成后面的试题来不及做；那些平常习惯于逐个单词阅读的同学,简洁造成思维中断,不能快速把握文章 的主旨,因此老师要帮忙其订正这种不良的阅读方法和习惯；良好的阅读习惯不仅要求学 生快速把握文章大意,也要求其在阅读过程中留意细节,特殊要正确把握反映作者观点和 态度的细节；老师可以通过引导同学对反映细节的文字加以懂得与概括,培育同学分析、概括、演绎和归纳的才能,从而达到既不忽视文章细节,又能正确把握文章中心思想的能 力；有了良好的阅读技能,同学不仅能在做完形填空时游刃有余,而且仍能从整体上提高名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载英语考试的成果；年级高中学科版本期数名师归纳总结 内容标题英语完形填空解题技巧与指导分类索引描述栏目名称辅导与自学第 5 页,共 5 页分类索引号G.622.46 主题词英语完形填空解题技巧与指导二校阅读高分策略供稿老师审稿老师一校录入审核- - - - - - -