2022年高中英语语法全解-过去分词.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 第 7 章 动词的过去分词形式动词的 -ed 形式也是非谓语动词的一种,它具有动词的一些特点,同时也具有 形容词、副词的句法功能,在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等；一、动词的 -ed 形式的特点 A动词的 -ed 形式是由动词的过去分词构成 动词的 -ed 形式只有一种形式,即传统语法中的过去分词；绝大部分的动词的-ed 形式由动词原形加 -ed 构成,也有一些动词的 -ed 形式是不规章的； 1 规章动词的 -ed 形式 limitlimited（限制）pretended （假装） pretend escape escaped（逃脱

2、） provideprovided （供应） referreferred （提交） drag dragged（拖） pray prayed （祈祷） supplysupplied （供应）2不规章动词的 -ed 形式 castcast （投掷） spread spread （传播） bitebitten （咬） forgiveforgiven （原谅） spitspat （ 吐） wear worn（穿） fightfought （搏斗）lost （丢失） lose 3 少数动词的 -ed 形式作定语时,读音与一般过去分词不同 learned a learned professor 一位学问渊

3、博的教授 aged an aged man 老人 his beloved computer 他心爱的运算机 beloved B动词的 -ed 形式的否定形式 动词的 -ed 形式的否定形式是由not 或 never 加动词的 -ed 形式构成； Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不答应他进去,他只好在外面等着； Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 的聚会,她很愤怒；C动词的 -ed 形式的特点从未被邀请过去他动词的 -ed 形式有被动的意思,有时也可表示完成的动作； 1

4、 动词的 -ed 形式表示已完成的动作；除了作形容词用的 -ed 形式外,动词的 -ed 形式可带有完成的意义,有的同时也带有被动的意义；第 1 页 共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村诞生并长大,他对生物很感爱好； One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发觉其中一个杯子破了； The books, written by

5、Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 鲁迅写的这些书,受到了很多中国人的宠爱； 2 及物动词的 -ed 形式一般表示被动的意思； Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充分的时间,我就能猜出那个谜语； （句子的主语 I 和动词 give 之间是被动关系；） When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 你说英语的时候,肯定要让人懂得你的意思； （动词 make的宾语 yourself 和宾语补足语

6、understand 之间是被动关系；） The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 在军队获得的体会对我们的学习很有帮忙； 3 不及物动词的 -ed 形式只表示完成的意思,并不带有被动的含义； an escaped prisoner 逃犯 （= a prisoner who has escaped） a retired worker 退休工人（= a worker who has retired） a newly arrived guest 新来的客人（= a guest who has just ar

7、rived） We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time. 我们应当不时地从发达国家引进先进技术； People should pay attention to the changed situation. 人们应当留意到变化了的形势；二、动词的 -ed 形式的用法动词的 -ed 形式在句中主要起形容词和副词的作用,可以作定语、表语、状语和补语； A动词的 -ed 形式作表语 1 -ed 形式在连系动词后作表语,说明主语的状态； The students are fully

8、prepared. 同学们已做好了充分的预备； When we got there, the shop was closed. 我们到那儿时,商店已经关门了； She felt satisfied with her performance on the high-and-low bars. 她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到很中意； The land remained unexploited. 这片土地尚未开发； Hearing the news, he looked disappointed. 听到这个消息,他看起来非常扫兴； The top of the mountain is covered

9、with snow all through the year. 山顶上终年积雪掩盖；比较：要把-ed 形式作表语和被动语态区分开来；作表语的 语态中的 -ed 形式表示被动动作；-ed 形式表示状态,被动 All the doors are locked. 全部的门都是锁着的； （-ed 形式作表语,表示状态） All the doors were locked by the guard. 全部的门都被卫兵锁上了； （被第 2 页 共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 动语态,表示动作） Peter the G

10、reat is buried here. 语,表示状态彼得大帝就掩埋在这里； （-ed 形式作表 Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 彼得大帝于 1725 年被掩埋在这 里；（被动语态,表示动作） 2 同一动词的 -ed 形式与 -ing 形式作表语时的区分；动词的 -ed 形式作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态,含有被动的 意思,而 -ing 形式作 表语多表示主语具有的特点,含有主动的意思； They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 声音很可怕；他们听到那可怕的 At the

11、 sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved. 看到这么动人的情形,全部在场的人都感动了；提示：上述动词的 -ed 形式,有的（如pleased, tired, excited, disappointed等）已经变成形容词,可以被very, too等副词修饰；有的（如amused, puzzled, relaxed 等）仍不能被 very, too修饰,只能被 much修饰； These problems are very puzzling. 这些问题很令人困惑； We are much puzzled by his

12、 failure to reply. 他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解； His speech was very moving. 他的演讲特别感人； All the people present were moved to tears. 流泪了； B动词的 -ed 形式作宾语补足语在场的全部人都被感动得当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时,一般应用动词的-ed形式作宾语的补足语； 1 在感觉动词 see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. 的演奏； We fou

13、nd all the rivers seriously polluted. 被严峻污染了；后作宾语补足语；昨晚我听了第九交响乐我们发觉全部的河流都 Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop. 昨天我在商店里留意到一个小女孩偷东西被抓住了； He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind. 后面拉了一下； 2 在使役动词 get, have, make, leave, keep 动词的 -ed 形式作 get 的宾语补足语； Doris got her bad to

14、oth pulled out in the hospital. 牙拔了； Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come. 了,然后就来；比较：他感觉到衣领被人从 等后作宾语补足语；多丽丝在医院把坏 我得先把盘子洗动词 get 后也可接动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语,和宾语是主动关系；第 3 页 共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I couldnt get the car to start this morning. 今早我无法把汽车发动起来

15、； He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服； It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him. 让他说话不难,难的是说开了止不住他； Can you really get that old clock going again 起来吗？动词的 -ed 形式作 make的宾语补足语； He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 使别人听清他的讲话； You should make you

16、r views known to the public. 观点；留意：你真的能让那辆旧钟再走他提高了嗓门为了你应当让公众知道你的动词 make后的宾语补足语可用不带 to 的动词不定式或动词的 -ed 形式,但不 可用动词的 -ing 形式；【误】 Can you make the students understanding the text 【正】 Can you make the students understand the text 篇课文吗？【正】 Can you make the text understood by the students 你能让同学懂得这 你能让同学理解这篇

17、课文吗？动词的 -ed 形式作 keep 或 leave 的宾语补足语； They all went home, leaving all the work undone. 他们就回家了；全部的工作都没完成, The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night. 侦探和他的助手把自己整夜反锁在房间里； 3 动词的 -ed 形式也可用在 with （without ）结构中,作介词的宾语补足语； With everything well arranged, he left the office.

18、后,他离开了办公室；一切都支配妥当之 She has come back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books. 她已经回来了,背包里塞满了好玩的图书； Without any grain left in the house, the little girl had to go begging. 家里没有粮食,小女孩只好出去讨饭； Without any more time given, we couldnt finish the task in three weeks. 假如不再给我们任何时间的话,我们三星期之内完成不

19、了任务； 4 某些动词后（如 want, need, prefer, would like 等）,作宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“to be ”,就成了 -ed 形式作宾语补足语； I would like this matter to be settled immediately. 得到解决； Id prefer this book translated by my sister. 本书； We need the work to be finished by Saturday. 之前完成；我期望这事立刻 我愿意让我妹妹来翻译这 我们需要这项工作周六 The peasants dont wa

20、nt good farmland to be built on. 农夫们不想让好好的农田被用来建造房子；第 4 页 共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - C动词的 -ed 形式作定语动词的 -ed 形式作定语修饰名词分为前置和后置两类； 1 前置定语 单个的动词的 -ed 形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,作前置定语； A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开；全部的坏门窗都 我们到 All the broken doors and windows have been repaired

21、. 修好了； When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 达的时候,每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷；提示：如要表示强调,单个动词 -ed 形式也可作后置定语； Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出；2后置定语作后置定语的 -ed 形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分,语从句；在语法上相当于一个定 We have read many novels written by this author. ）我们读过这个作家写的很多小说；（= that are written by th

22、is author Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. 被邀请到款待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使；（= who had been invited to the reception） The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的胜利,共有一千名同学出席了；thousand students = which was attended by one A woman, dressed

23、 like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. 一个律师打扮的女人走了进来,并作为法官就座；lawyer = who was dressed like a 3 动词的 -ed 形式作定语和 -ing 形式作定语的区分动词的 -ed 形式作定语表示动作已完成或和被动,正在进行或和主动； the risen sun 升起了的太阳 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 boiled water 开水 boiling water 正沸腾的水 developed countries 发达国家 developing countries 进展中

24、国家 fallen leaves 落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 changed condition 转变了的情形 changing condition 变化着的情形D动词的 -ed 形式作状语而-ing 形式作定语表示动作动词的 -ed 形式作状语和 -ing 形式作状语一样, 也可以表示时间、 缘由、条件、让步、 方式或相伴情形等；1表示时间第 5 页 共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 动词的 -ed 形式作状语表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句； Seen from the towe

25、r, the city looks beautiful. 从塔上往下看,城市显得很漂亮；（= When the city is seen from the tower.） Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 带我们参观了试验室之后,又带我们参观了图书馆； （= After we had been shown the lab.） Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away. 经过医生完全检查以后,他马上回到了学校；examined. 提示：

26、= After he was completely 有时动词的 -ed 形式前可加连词 when或 while 来强调时间概念； When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. 当被问到为什么上课又迟到时,她惭愧地低下了头； Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. 以赴地干起了工作；一复原健康,他就全力 Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time. 一旦给这钟

27、上了发条,它就会走半个月,并且走得很准； 2. 表示缘由动词的 -ed 形式作状语表示缘由,相当于一个缘由状语从句； Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldnt help crying. 孩子们被英雄事迹感动, 情不自禁地哭了起来；（= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds .） Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read. 由于写得快,她的信很难阅读；（=As it was written in haste .） Excited by th

28、e new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate. 我们由于新发觉而兴奋万分, 打算出去庆祝一下； Because we were excited by. 留意：为了使 -ed 形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显,我们可以加上适当的连词； Even if invited, I won t go. 即使受到邀请,我也不去； Though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart. 虽然被对手打败,便他们并没有丢失信心； Unless invited, he will not c

29、ome back to the company. 除非被邀请,不然他不会回到公司来的；3. 表示条件动词的 -ed 形式作状语表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句； Heated, water changes into steam. 加热,水就能变成蒸汽； （= If water is heated.） Given more time, he would be able to do better. 假如多给一些时间,他会干得更杰出；（= If he was given more time .） Compared with other professors, she was an excellent

30、 speaker. 与其他教授相比,她是一个优秀的演说家；4. 表示让步动词的 -ed 形式作状语表示让步,相当于一个 语从句；though although 引导的让步状第 6 页 共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们仍是连续追逐着那个强盗；exhausted by the running .）（= Although they were Laughed

31、at by many people, he continued his research. 尽管被很多人嘲笑,他仍是连续他的讨论； （= Even if he was laughed by many people .） Questioned many times a day, Andrew kept silent over the murder. 尽管一天被询问了多次,安德鲁仍旧对那件谋杀案保持缄默；提示：有时动词的 -ed 形式作状语和动词的 -ing 形式的被动式作状语, 并没有多大的区分,可以互换； Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was un

32、able to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学； = Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学； Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 由于是在农村长大的,他感到很难适应城市生活； = Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to to

33、wn life. 由于是在农村长大的,他感到很难适应城市生活； 5 表示行为方式、相伴情形或补充说明；动词的 -ed 形式作状语表示行为方式、相伴情形或补充说明时,通常位于句子的后面,相当于一个并列分句； The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 老师站在那儿,被同学围住了；（= and he was surrounded by the students） He went into the office, followed by some children. 他走进办公室,后面跟着一些孩子； = and he was follow

34、ed by some children They turned around and stood in the middle of the room, completely astonished. 他们转过身来,站在房间中心,完全惊呆了； She accepted the gift, deeply moved. 留意：她接受了礼物,深深地感动了；动词的 -ed 形式在句中不能用作主语或宾语；【误】 Invited to the state banquet is a great honor. 【正】 To be invited to the state banquet is a great ho

35、nor. 被邀请出席国宴是极大的荣耀；【误】 I cannot stand laughed at. 【正】 I cannot stand being laughed at. 二、动词的 -ed 形式的规律主语我不能容忍被人嘲笑；A动词的 -ed 形式在句中作状语和表语时,它的规律主语一般来说就是句子 的主语, -ed 形式和主语之间是被动关系； Locked up, he had no way to escape. 他被锁了起来,没有方法逃跑了； Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 他陷入了深思,几乎撞到了前

36、面的汽车； She became discouraged at the news. 听到这个消息,她泄气了；第 7 页 共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Though it was 1000 a.m., the door of the shop remained locked. 尽管已经是上午 10 点了,商店的门仍旧锁着； B当动词的 -ed 形式在句中作定语时,它的规律主语是被它修饰的名词,它和名词之间是被动关系； The first textbooks written for teaching Eng

37、lish as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 第一批编写出来作为英语教材的课本是 16 世纪出版的； The computer center, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 去年开办的运算机中心深受这所学校的同学宠爱； A lighted candle lit up the cellar. 一支点燃的蜡烛照亮了地下室；C当动词的 -ed 形式在句中作宾语补语或主语补语时,它的规律主语是句子 的主语或宾语,它们之间的关系是

38、被动关系； Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain. 薇薇恩把手指卡在自行车链条里了；（trapped 的规律主语是句子的宾语 fingers ） The valuable vase was found stolen. 的规律主语是句子的主语 vase）那个宝贵的花瓶发觉被盗了； （stolen We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves , 很明显obviously had broken in. 我们回到家发觉整幢房子被翻得乱七八糟小偷

39、闯进来了； D动词的 -ed 形式有时可有其独立的规律主语,立主格结构” ）；常用作状语（详见“ 第 8 章 独 Everything done, we went home. 一切事情都做完了,我们就回家了； All our money run out, Henry had to find another job. 利不得不再找一份工作；钱都用完了,亨 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. 他躺在草地上,头枕着双手； All things considered, the planned trip will ha

40、ve to be called off. 考虑到全部的情形,原先方案好的旅行不得不取消； E动词的 -ed 形式作独立成分；动词的 -ed 形式的一些固定词组也可在句中作独立成分,不受规律主语的限制； Put frankly, I dont agree with what he said. 说的；坦白地说,我不同意他所 Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 考虑到他一般的身体状况,手术后的复原可能需要一段时间；第 8 页 共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页