2022年高中英语非谓语动词经典用法讲解.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语非谓语动词经典用法讲解非谓语动词经典用法讲解命题规律1.考查立意较低,主要考查的是非谓语的 一些最基本的用法；但是,题目的设置 留意了情形化和结构复杂化,加大了考 生对题干句的懂得难度；2设问的角度出现出多样化趋势,不仅 仅是非谓语间的相互干扰；命题趋势不容置疑,高考将连续加强对非谓语动 词的考查, 试题的特点将连续出现出“情 景化 ”和“设问角度的多样化 ”的趋势,但 试题的难度将会有所掌握；解题思路 解析句子结构, 确定设空在句子中充 当的功能（如状语、定语或宾补）； 找准相关动词的规律主语, 确定该动 词与规律主语是什么关系（主动

2、仍是被 动）；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 搜寻句子中相关的时间信息, 确定非 谓语动词的恰当形式； 将该选项置入空中, 看是否能够做到 字从意顺,或是否能传达有效信息、完 成交际任务；分词、不定式作宾补用法要点一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区分1感官动词 see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词 have 后面的宾补有三种形式, 即原形动词（不 带 to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词；现在分词表主动或正在进行,过去分词 表被动或

3、完成, 动词原形表主动和完成；如：I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌；I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文 歌；I heard the English song sung many times. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌；留意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表 完成

4、和状态；如：I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. 状态 I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. 完成 2leave 后接三种形式作宾补时,其中 的 leave 保留了原先之义 “留下”,但表达 的准确之义应是 “使 处于某种状 态）；leave sb. doing sth. 让某人始终做某事（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系,表示动 作正在进行；）leave sth. undone 留下某事未做 （宾语和 宾补之间是动宾关系, 表示被动和完成,一般以 undone, u

5、nfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多）leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定 式表示将来的动作；）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 如：It s wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你让机器始终开着是不对的；（主动,正在进行）The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnt t

6、aste delicious. 客人们没有动大部分菜,由于它们尝起 来不行口；（被动,完成）He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. 他走了,留下我一人去做剩余的工全部 工作；（主动,将来）We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. 我们匆忙忙忙地终止了会议,留下了很 多问题等待解决；（被动,将来）3have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时, 其 中 have, get 表示 “使、让、叫 ”之意； have sth. done = get sth. d

7、one 使/让“某事由别人去做 ”（叫/让某人做某事）；如名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.此外, have sth. done 仍表示 “使遭受 ” 之意；如Tom had his leg broken while playing football. Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某

8、人 /物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动,正在进行）get sb. / sth. doing 使某人 /物开头行动起 来如： The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. 农忙时,农夫们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活；The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开头朝前线行进起来；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - -

9、 - - - 留意： “ have sb. doing 如用于否定句中,其中 have 有“容忍 ”之意；如：I won t have you speaking to your parents like that. 我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话；Dont have the water running all the time. 不要让水流个不停； have sb. do sth. get sb. to do sth. 使/ 让/叫某人去做某事如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. I can t get him to stop sm

10、oking. He won listen to me. 二、以下动词后跟带 to 的不定式作补语：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等；如： An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to issue clear w

11、arning before firing any shots. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The teacher asked us not to make so much noise. The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. 三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门以下动词后在主动语态中用不带 to 的 不定式作补语,但在被动语态

12、中要加上to：它们是 “吾看三室两厅一感觉 ” 5 看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3 使（make, let, have）；2 听（listen to, hear）；1 感觉（ fell ）；以上动词仍可用现在分 词作宾语补足语（ 5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以 上动词除 let, make 外都可以用现在分词 作宾语补足语,此外 find, catch, keep, have 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语；如： At that time, I found him crying in the street. He was caught stea

13、ling. Im sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 不定式、分词作定语用法要点一、不定式作定语1作定语的不定式假如是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词；如：The Browns have a comfortable house to live

14、in. There is nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with. Here is some paper for you to write on. 但是,不定式所修饰的名词假如是 time, place 或 way 时,不定式后面的介词习惯 上省去；如： He had no money and no place to live in. We found a way to solve this problem in. 2当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代 词是不定式动作的承担者时,不定式既名师归纳总结 - - - - -

15、 - -第 8 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但 其含义有所不同；试比较：Have you anything to send . 你有什么东 西要寄吗？（不定式 to send 的动作执行 者是 “你”）Have you anything to be sent . 你有什么 要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式 to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）3用不定式作定语的几种情形：不定式表将来：I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 用来修饰被序数词、 最高级

16、或 no, all, any 等限定的中心词；如：He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 用来修饰的词是抽象名词时, 常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse

17、, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等；如：Do you have the ability to read and write English . I have a chance to go sight seeing. 二、分词作定语1作定语的及物动词分词形式为： V ing; being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分 词为主动关系时,用 V ing；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行 时,用 being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词；例如：T

18、he houses being built are for the teachers. The broken glass is Toms.I have never seen a more moving movie. 2作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：V ing 和过去分词； V ing 表示正在进 行；过去分词表示已经完成；如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - falling leaves 正落的叶子 fallen leaves 落下的叶子boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 沸腾过的水

19、（白开水）三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区分这三种形式作定语,主要是表达在动作的发生时间上；过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,或是没有肯定的时间性；如：Have you read the novel written by Dickens . He is a man loved and respected by all. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge. 现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生

20、；如： Listen . The song being sung is very popular with the students. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 不定式的被动式作定语时,表示一个未来的动作；如： The question to be discussed at the tomorrow one. s meeting is a very important 不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点 一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语,请 牢登记列小诗：决心学会想期望,拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选方案,同意恳求帮

21、一帮；Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help 此外,afford, strive（斗争） 等也要用不 定式作宾语；例如： She pretended not to see me when I passed by. We agreed to meet here but so far she 名师归纳总结 hasnt turned up yet.第 12 页,共

22、33 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving to make their products more competitive. 二、以下动词只能用动名词作宾语,请牢登记列小诗：考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想；避免错过连续练,否认完成停观赏,不禁介意准逃亡；consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse,

23、pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, canmind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk 此外 be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can无法忍耐 , give up, feel like,

24、insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy in, have difficulty / trouble in, have a good / 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - wonderful /hard time in等动词词组也要 用动名词作宾语； The squirrels was lucky that they just missed being caught. I can hardly imagine Peter sailing a

25、cross the Atlantic Ocean in five days. I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 三、以下动词或词组既可以跟动名词作 宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义 上有区分,要特殊留意；1. forget to do sth. 遗忘去做某 事 forget doing sth. 遗忘已经做过 某事 remember to do sth. 记住去做某 事 remember doing sth. 记得曾经做 过某事 regret to do sth. 懊悔/遗憾去做某 事 regret doing sth.

26、 懊悔做过某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件 事 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事mean to do sth. 意欲/想/妄想做某 事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事go on to do sth. 做完某事 接着做另一件 事 go on doing sth.连续做同一件事 =go on with sth. can事t help to do

27、sth. 不能帮忙做某cant help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事2动词 like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可；如表示常常性的行为可用动名词,如表示详细的行为常用动词不定式；但要留意：假如like, love, prefer 前有 would /should 后面就应接动 词不定式；如：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon. I d like to go swimming this weekend.3在动词 allow, advise, forbid, permit 后 直接跟

28、动名词形式作宾语,假如后面有名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语；即：allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth. allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth. 如： We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow students to smoke.4动词 need, require, want 作“需要 ”解 时,其后必需用动名词的主动形式或不

29、定式的被动形式作宾语,表示事情需要 做；这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义；be worth 后必需用动名词的主动形式表 need 表“需 示被动意义；此外,如动词 要”,require 表“要求”,want 表“想要 ”这些意义时,其后须接名词或代词作宾 语,然后接不定式作宾语补足语；即：need / require / want doing / to be done need / require / want sb. to do sth. be worth + n. 表示钱数或相当于钱数的 名词 be worth doing be worthy of being done 名师归纳总结 - -

30、 - - - - -第 16 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - be worthy of + n. 值得 be worthy to be done 如： The window needs / requires / wants cleaning. The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned. 窗户需要擦一下；The place is worth visiting. The place is worthy of a visit. The place is worthy of being visited. The

31、 place is worthy to be visited. 那个地方值得一去；如： only one of these books is worth reading. What do you think of the book . Oh, excellent, Its worth reading a second time. 四、动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, 名师归纳总结 discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等第 17 页,共 33 页- - - - -

32、 - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 词的宾语时, 前面常带 wh 引导词；即 how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do；但 why + 不带 to 的不 定式；留意此用法的不定式的规律主语需与主 句的主语或宾语保持一样,否就用宾语 从句；例如：He showed us how to do the work. = He showed us how we should do the work. I dont know what to do. = I dont knowhat Ill do.Can you tell me wh

33、y do it . 五、动词不定式在介词but, other than 后面时,假如介词之前有行为动词do 的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不t but带 to,否就就要带 to；另外在 cant choose but, cant help but, can后面的不定式也要省略to；如：We could do nothing but / other than wait. We had nothing to do but / other than wait. We have no choice but to wait. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页,共 33 页精选学习资料

34、 - - - - - - - - - I can t choose but laugh.不定式、分词作状语用法要点 一、不定式作状语 He sat down to have a rest. 表目的 They went there to visit their teacher. 他 们去那里拜望老师；（表目的）He woke up only / just to find everybody gone. 他醒来发觉大家都走了； （表示结 果）My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. 我祖母活到亲眼见到中国解放；（表示 结果）在某些形容

35、词作表语,表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示缘由；如：I am very glad to see you. 我特别兴奋地 见到你；I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 听 到你母亲生病真遗憾；在带有 enough 或 too 的句子里, 也常用 不定式作状语,表示程度；如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He was too excited not to say a few words. 他太兴奋了,不会不讲几句话的；He is old enough to go to

36、 school. 他到上 学年龄了；She is too tired to do the job. 她太累而不 能做那件工作了；留意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可用 in order to 为了 或 so as to 以便 + 动词原形；so as to 不用于 句首；He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车；The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 汽车停下来以便接纳乘客；To look at him, you would like him. 表条 件

37、 To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me. To be honest, I know nothing about it. 修 饰全句,独立成分 二、分词作状语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1分词作状语的基本原就分词作状语时,分词的规律主语必需与 句子的主语保持一样；分词作状语必需和句中主语含有规律上 的主谓或动宾关系,否就不能使用分词 作状语；2分词作状语的句法功能分词或分词短语作状语时, 可以表时间、缘由、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、相伴状况等

38、；表示时间关系的分词短语 有时可由连词 while 或 when 引出；如：Hearing the news, they got excited. 时间 Be careful while / when crossing the street. 时间 Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. 缘由 Given a chance, I can surprise the world. 条件 The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. 结果 名师归纳总结 - - - -

39、 - - -第 21 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 让步 The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. 相伴状况 3独立成分作状语有些分词短语,其形式的挑选不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分；常见的有：Generally speaking 一般说来 Frankly speaking 坦白地说Judging from 依据 来判断 Considering 考虑到 To

40、 tell you the truth 说实话 非谓语动词其它用法一、疑问词+ 不定式结构疑问词（ who, which, when, where, how, what 等）+ 不定式,这个结构在句中起 名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语；如：I didnt know what to do. 宾语 When to hold the meeting is not known yet. 主语 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 22 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - My question was how to get so many books. 表语 留意

41、句型： Why not do sth. . Why do sth. . 二、不定式的主动和被动1不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻 辑上构成主谓关系时,不定式往往用主动形式；如：Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon . A knife cuts the watermelon. 2不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词 构成规律上的动宾关系,又和该句主语构成规律上的主谓关系时,不定式常用主动形式；如：She has a sister to look after. She looks after her sister. I know what to do. I

42、 do what. 3不定式作表语形容词的关语,和句中 主语构成规律上的动宾关系时,不定式多用主动形式,这是由于人们往往认为形容词后省去了 for sb. ；如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 23 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - This book is difficult to understand. This kind of fish is nice to eat. 4在 there be 结构中,当说话人考虑的 是必需有人去完成某件事时,不定式用 主动形式；假如说话人强调的事情本身 必需被完成,就用被动形式；如：There is a lot

43、 of work to do. Someone has to do the work. There is a lot of work to be done. The work has to be done. 请留意下面两个句子的含义的不同点：There is nothing to do. 无事可做,感到十 分乏味； There is nothing to be done. 某东西坏了,无法使之复原正常； 三、不定式符号to 的保留问题有时为了防止重复, 可以用 to 来代替前 面的不定式,这种情形显现在以下动词 之后： expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或显现在 be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 24 页,共 33 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 假如在省略的不定式结构中含有：be, have, have been,这些词要保留；如：I haven t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. Are you on holiday . No, but Id like to be. I didnt tell him the