2022年高中英语名词性从句知识点及练习.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀资料英语名词性从句学问点复习一、概述在复合句中具出名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句;因此,我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句;It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 事实上英语作为国际语言正为世人所接受; 主语从句 The trouble is that she has lost his address . 麻烦的是她把他的地址搞丢了;(表语从句)They hav
2、e no idea at all where he has gone . 他们不知道他去什么地方了;(同位语从句 )Do you remember how he came . 你记得他怎么来的么?(宾语从句)二、语序当名词性从句要采纳陈述句语序;由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时,必需将该连词放在名词性从句的开头,且该从句语序不能倒装;What we cant get seems better than what we have. 我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好;The photographs will show you what our village looks like . 这些照片将向你
3、展现我们村庄的面貌;Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring . 你能确定爱丽丝放金戒指的地方吗?No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years . 没有人确定一百万年后人类会是什么样子;He asked how much I paid for the violin 三、 时态 的呼应. 他问我花了多少钱买这个小提琴;名词性从句特殊是宾语从句中谓语动词的时态要与主句中谓语动词时态要相呼应,主要有以下几种情况:(1)假如主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态,从句的谓
4、语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的制约;I wonder why Jenny hasn t written us recently. We should have heard from her by now.我不知道为什么珍妮最近没有给我们写信;我们现在应当收到他的来信了;You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it. 你对我的新装仍没说怎么样呢,喜爱吗?I m sorry I didn t say anything about it sooner. I certainly thinkit s pretty o
5、n you.对不起,我仍没来得及;我认为你穿上当然好看;(2)假如主句的谓语动词是过去时态,从句的谓语动词动作发生在主句的动作之前,过去完成时、过去完 成进行时或一般过去时;The police foundthat the house had been broken into and a lot of things stolen. 警察发觉有人闯入房子并且很多东西被偷She said she had been waiting for me for a long time. 她说她等了我很长时间;(3)假如主句的谓语动词是过去时态,过去进行时;从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生,就从句的动词用一般过
6、去时或I didn t know you were here. 我不知道你在这里;I was told that they were designing a new machine . 有人告知我他们在设计一种新机器;(4)假如主句的谓语动词是过去时态,从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后,就从句的动词用过去将来时、过去将来进行时或过去将来完成时;We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon. 当他宣布他不久就要离职时,我们都很惊讶;They said they would be listeni
7、ng to a report on current affairs. 他说他们将听关于时事的报告;四、引导名词性从句的关联词在传统的语法中,有连接代词、连接副词和关系代词、关系副词之分;连接代词、连接副词引导名词性从句和关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句;本书依据最新资料不再作此分类,通称关系代词和关系副词;引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同,它们分别是:连词:that, whether, if;关系代词 : who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever;关系副词 : when, where, how, w
8、hy, 名师归纳总结 however, whenever, wherever;引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开;具体见下表:第 1 页,共 15 页类别词义在从句中的作用that 无任何词义仅起连接作用,在从句中不- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀资料充当任何句子成分if和 whether 意为“ 是否” ,表起连接作用,在从句中不充明从句意义的不当任何句子成分确定性关系代词who, what, which, whom, 有各自自身的意起连接作用,并在从句中充whose, whatever, whoever, 当主、表、宾、定语等义who
9、mever, whichever 关 系 副 词when,where,why,how, 有各自自身的意起连接作用,并在从句中充however, whenever, wherever 义当状语1、 that 从句与 wh- 关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的区分连词that在从句中不作成分,不含疑问意义;而wh-连词在从句中作成分,且含有疑问意义;或在what/where从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句;. 她的头发在变白令她有点担忧;( thatIt worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey从句中只起引导词作用,不作成分)What ca
10、used the accidentis still a complete mystery. 事故发生的缘由仍旧是个不解之谜;(What在从句中作主语)2、 that 与 whether 引导名词性从句的区分; that 与 whether 都是连词,引导名词性从句时,在句中只起连接作用,都不担任句子成分,使用时有下列区分:(1)动词 doubt 表示“ 怀疑、不知道”解时,确定句接 whether 引导的宾语从句;否定句 dont doubt和疑问句 Do you doubt 要接 that 引导的从句;I don t doubt that he will come soon. 我不怀疑他不久
11、会来; (此处不用 whether )Can you doubt that he will win. 你怀疑他会赢吗?(此处不用 whether )I doubt whether it is true. 我怀疑那不是真的;比较:doubt 表示“ 不信” 解时,表示剧烈的不信任时,在陈述句中可接 that 从句;I doubt that he will stay there. 我不信他会留在那里;(2)that 本身无意义,有时可以省略;whether 本身有意义,在句中均不行省略; He said that he was from New York . 他说他是从纽约来的; ( that 无
12、意义,可以省略)Whether he will go there is not decided yet. 他去不去没定下来; (whether 有意义,不行以省略)(3)假如宾语从句表示两种可能性据其一时,只能用 whetheror not,不行用 that ; I wonder whether he knew the manageror not . 我不知道他是否熟悉经理; (不能用 that )I am not sure whether he will come . 他来不来我没把握; (不能用 that )(4)whether 引导的从句能几乎作全部介词的宾语;that 引导的从句只能作
13、 except, but, besides 的介词宾语;I have no interest in whether he will come . 我对他来与否不感爱好; (不能用 that )He is a good boy except that he is careless sometimes . 他是个好孩子,只是有时有点马虎;3、 whether 和 if 的区分( 1)whether 可以引导 discuss 和介词宾语从句,而 if 不能; I havent settled the question of whether Ill lend him the money . 我仍没打算
14、是否把钱借给她;(不能用 if ) They are talking about whether they will go there . 他们正在争论是否去那里;(不能用 if )( 2)whether 可以应到全部的名词性从句,而 if 只能引导宾语从句;在引起主语从句时,特殊是主语从句在句首时,不能用 if ,除非是有形式主语 it 的主语从句;Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 2000 年奥运会是否在北京举办仍不知道; (不能用 if )名师归纳总结 Whether well
15、 go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth 第 2 页,共 15 页doing. 问题是这值不值得做;我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定;(不能用 if )The question whether we need it has not been decided.我们需不需要它仍没定; (不能用 if )( 3)whether 后可以直接跟or not或 or no ,构成 whether or not或 whether or no,if就不能;但可以说 whether/if or
16、not, whether/if or ;I dont know whether or not hell come.我不知道他是否会来; (不能用if )He will leave for Paris tomorrow, whether or no. 他明天无论如何要动身去巴黎了;(不能用 if )I don t care whether/ if you come or not. 我不关怀你来与否;( 4) if 引导的从句可用于否定的谓语,whether 引导的从句不用于否定的谓语; I dont care if you wont come.我才不在乎他来不来呢; He doesn t car
17、e if you dont pay the money.你付不付钱他不在乎;( 5) whether or 可以引导让步状语从句,or 不行省略; if可以引导条件状语从句;Whether it snows or not, I will go there by bike.不论明天下不下雪,我都骑车去; If he had been given more time, he could have done it much better. 假如给他更多的时间,- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀资料他会做得更好;( 6) whether 可以和不
18、定式连用,而 if 不能; He didnt know whether to get married or to wait. 他不知道是现在结婚仍是等等再说;They haven t decided whether to go there or not . 他们仍没打算去不去;( 7) whether 和 if 引导的宾语从句,可以用确定,也可以用否定,但含义不同;He asked whether she could help. 他问她是否能帮忙; (表示疑问,可加 or not) He asked whether she couldnt help. 他认为她能帮忙; (表示否定,不行加 or
19、 not)巧记 whether 与 if 异同“ whether ” 与“if ” 都可表“ 是否”,是常考内容;下面的顺口溜可帮你记住其异同;主从表从同位从,if 不用 whether 用;discuss 和介词后, whether 引宾从;不定式、 or not 后面跟, whether 独能显神通;宾从如是否定句,if 发挥其功用;防止歧义要谨慎,其它情形可换用;4、关系代词与关系副词引起的名词性从句的应当留意的问题(1)wh-ever 引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义,相当于不定代词后加一个定语从句:whatever = anything that , whoever=anyone who
20、, wherever=any place where, whenever=any time when 表示泛指;而 what,which ,who,when, where,how等词都有时含有疑问意义,表示特指;A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do. 运算机只能按人们的指令去做事; 特指It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants . 普遍认为,孩子要什么就给他什么不是聪慧之举; 泛指 It was a matter
21、 of who would take the position. 问题是谁担当这个职位; 特指 Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 不论谁救了这个溺水孩子都值得夸奖; 泛指 (2)介词后的 who/whom,whoever/whomever 的挑选问题,就要看连接词在从句中是作主语仍是作宾语而定,如在从句中作主语就只能选用 who/whoever ;Give them to whoever is likely to be interested. 把他们送给感爱好的人; (不能用 whomever)Who
22、 do you think is the best student. 你认为谁是最好的同学; (不能用 whom)Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests . 塞拉期望成为和她能同甘共苦的人的伴侣;( 3 ) 正 确 使 用 who/ whoever , what/whatever, how/however , where/wherever, when/whenever ,which/whichever, who,what, where, when,how,which 一要分析句子结构,看其在从句中作何成分,二
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