2022年高中英语语法及练习之名词.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中语法 直面高考第一章：名词、语法点及练习1、以 -f 或-fe 结尾的名词变复数以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词变复数,大多把 f 或 fe 改为 v,再加 -es；也有一些直接加-s 或两种形式皆可；（1）、将 f 或 fe 改为 v,再加 -es 的有 thief （小偷）,wife （妻子）,life （生活）,self（自己）,leaf叶子 ,wolf （狼）,shelf（架子）,knife （刀子）,half（一半）等；这种情形可熟登记面一句话：树叶半数自己 黄, 妻子 拿刀去割粮, 架后窜出一只 狼,就像 小偷 逃命 忙（2）直接在

2、后面加-s 的有 gulf 海湾 ,cliff （悬崖） ,roof 屋顶 ,chief（首领）,belief（信仰）,serf（农奴）,proof （证据）等；这种情形可熟登记面这段话：证据 显示,海湾 邻近 悬崖 边 屋顶 上的 农奴 信任 首领（3）、两种形式皆可有的 handkerchief（手帕）,scarf（手帕）,dwarf（矮子）,wharf（码头）,hoof（蹄）；这种情形可熟登记面一句话：一个 矮子 在码头 边拿着 手帕 甩蹄子汉译英 他根据自己的信念做事；He acted in accordance with his believes. He acted in accor

3、dance with his beliefs. 她房间里有两个书架,竖在长着大叶子的花的旁边；There are two shelfs in her room . Both are besides the flowers with large leafs. There are two shelvesin her room . Both are besides the flowers with large leaves. 挑选Th e of these cottages were covered with . ； leaves A. roofs ； leafs B. roofs ； leaves

4、 C. roovs ； leafs D. rooves 2、以 -o 结尾的名词变复数以-o 结尾的名词变复数时有两种情形：（1）、词尾加 -s, 主要有 bamboo（竹子）,radio （收音机）, zoo（动物园）,photo （照片）,piano （钢琴）,kilo公斤 等；可熟登记面一段话：动物园 里的熊猫坐在自己的玉照 旁,闲适地听着收音机 里的 钢琴 曲,一连吃掉了好几公斤竹子（2）、词尾加 -es,主要有 Negro（黑人）,hero（英雄）,tomato（西红柿）,potato马铃薯 ；黑人英雄 爱吃 西红柿 和马铃薯汉译英 那些带有袋鼠的照片洗不出来了,由于胶卷坏了；The

5、 photoes with kangarooes didnt come out,because the film was faulty. The photos with kangaroos didnt come out,because the film was faulty. 两位英雄是种植马铃薯和西红柿的黑人；The two heros are Negros who plant potatos and tomatos. The two heroes are Negroes who plant potatoes and tomatoes. 挑选1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1

6、 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中语法 直面高考Zhou zheng long was arrested because of the fake tiger . A. photos B. photoes C. photoe D.photo 3、常见的名词复数的不规章变化man men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese child-children ox-oxen woman teacher-women teachers 4、表示“ 某国人” 的名词的单复数形式（1）、直接加 -

7、s；主要有 Russians（俄国人）,Germans（德国人）,American s（美国人）2、以-man 或 -woman 结尾的改为 -men 或-women；如：English men英国人 ,Frenchwomen法 国女人 等；3 以 -ese 结 尾的 词和 Swiss 瑞 士 人 单复 数同形 . 如 :Japanese日 本人 ,Chinese 中 国 人,Portuguese葡萄牙人 等一句话搞定这些规章：中日 不变, 英法 变,其余 -s 添后面我们两个是中国人,他们两个是法国人；We two are Chineses,and they two are Frenches

8、.We two are Chinese , and they two are Frenchmen. 挑选Both Marx and Engels are . A. German B. Germans C. Germen D. German 5、具有两种复数形式的名词（1）、penny“ 便士” ；表示“ 价值” 时,复数为 pennies；pence；表示“ 钱币的个数” 时,复数为（2）、people 表示“ 人,人们” 时,是复数名词,无单数形式；表示“ 民族,种族” 时,是可数名词,其复数形式为 peoples；（3）、fish 表示“ 鱼的种类” 时,复数为 肉” 时,是不行数名词；汉

9、译英 一英镑等于一百便士 There are 100 pennies in one pound. There are 100 pence in one pound. 这条河里有各种各样的鱼fishes；表示“ 条数” 时,单复数同形；表示“ 鱼There are many kinds of fish in this river. There are many kinds of fishes in this river. 6、简单混淆的可数名词和不行数名词区分可数与不行数可以用“ 一分为二”的方法来判定, 即把判定的事物任意分成两半之后,如每半都能有原先整个物质的性质,就是不行数名词； 如： w

10、ood 分成两半之后仍有木头的性质,而 desk 分成两半之后就不是桌子了；常见的一些不行数名词集锦：air 空气water 水cotton 棉花meat 肉suger 糖ink 墨水gold 金子flour 面wealth 财宝love 爱danger 危急beauty 漂亮happiness 幸福patience 耐心cold 冰冷honesty 诚恳2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中语法 直面高考7、可转化为可数名词的不行数名词（1）、物质名词表示个体概念经常可数wind 风a wind 一阵风 te

11、a 茶a tea 一杯茶paper 纸 a paper 一份论文 报纸 light 光线 a light 一盏灯2 、抽象名词详细化时为可数名词,表示“ 某种人或物”beauty 美人或漂亮的事物failure 失败的人或事物danger 令人感到危急的人或事物pity 令人遗憾的人或事物surprise 令人惊奇的人或事物success 胜利的人或事物（3）、有些可数名词的复数形式有特别的含义Rains 大量的雨水,多场雨snows 大量的雪,多场雪winds 大风,多场风waters 大片水域sands 沙滩woods 森林fruits 各种各样的水果glasses 眼镜forces 军队

12、brains 智力,聪慧的人looks 外表manners 礼貌（4）、个别专出名词视为可数名词A Newton 一个牛顿式的人物two Marys 两个叫玛丽的挑选May I take your order now. Wed like three and two . A. tea;cups of coffee B. teas ;coffees C. cups of tea ; coffee D. cup of teas; cup of coffees 8、s 全部格的构成规章s; 以 s 结尾的复数名词的全部格,在词尾加- ；不以 -s 结尾一般单数名词的词尾加- 的复数名词的全部格,在词尾

13、加- s. 汉译英妇女节离现在仍有两周Women Day is in two weeks time . s Women s Day is in two weekstime . 9、何时在最终一个名词后加s,何时在每个名词后都加表示几个人共有一物,只在最终一个名词用全部格形式；如表示各自拥有时,就每个名词后都要用全部格形式；史密斯先生是我爸爸和妈妈的伴侣；Mr Smith is my father and mothers friend. 露西的房间比汤姆和莉莉的都大；Lucys room is bigger than Toms and Lilys. 10、表示时间、距离等无生命的名词的全部格是在

14、后面直接加- s 或- ；他父亲离开五年之后又回来了；Her father returned home after absence of five years. Her father returned home after five yearsabsence. 挑选The village is far away from here indeed. Its walk. 3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中语法 直面高考A. a four hour B.a four hours C. a four-hours D

15、. a four hours11、of 全部格与双重全部格的区分Of 全部格用名词一般格或人称代词宾格,双重全部格中 of 后用名词s 全部格或名词性物主代词；而 picture,photo,portrait 等词用 of 全部格侧重同位关系,用双重全部格侧重全部与部分关系；这是我妈妈的一张照片This is a photo of my mothers. This is a photo of my mother. Whats that on the desk. s It s a letter sent by . A. my father friend B. my father friendC.

16、 a friend of my fathers D. friends of my father 12、名词的修饰语只修饰可数名词的修饰语有（等；a）few, several, manya,a number of ,more than one只修饰不行数名词的修饰语有（a）little, much,a goodgreat deal of, a bit of,a large amount of 等；既 修 饰 可 数 名 词 也 可 修 饰 不 可 数 名 词 的 有 some, a lot of ,lots of ,plenty of,enough,most, a mass of,all, qu

17、antities of, a quantity of ,the rest,masses of 等；汉译英我有几本有关园艺的书I have got a little books on gardening. I have got a few books on gardening. 每年大量的钱都被花在烟草上A number of money is spent on tobacco every year. A large amount of money is spent on tobacco every year. 挑选He doesn t have furniture in his room-ju

18、st an old desk.2022 陕西 A. any B. many C. some D. much In china graduates go abroad to have further study every year. A. a great deal of B. many a C. a large amount of D. masses of 13、名词作定语时用单数仍是复数名词作定语说明事物的用途、材料等,一般用单数；manwoman作定语时,单复数形式要与被修饰的名词一样；仍有一些只以复数形式显现的名词作定语仍旧用复数形式；a clothes shop 一家服装店 a gla

19、sses store 一家眼镜店a goods train 一辆运输货物的火车 a sports meet 一次运动会女同学正在操场上打排球The girls students are playing volleyball on the playground. The girl students are playing volleyball on the playground. The is just around the corner and you wont miss it2001上海 4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - -

20、 - - - 高中语法 直面高考A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicyclesshop -It s getting dark earlier than before,isnt it. -Yes ,I think so. I see are on already. A. the streets lights B. the lights of the streets C. the streetslights D. the street lights 14、cause,reason,excuse 有何不同？cause 是造成

21、一种事实或现象的“ 缘由；起因”,后常接介词 of; reason 是说明一种看法或行为的“ 理由”,后常接 for; excuse “ 借口,辩解”,多指为免受指责或推卸责任而找出的理由；翻译火灾通常起因于马虎；Carelessness is the usual excuse of fire. Carelessness is the usual cause of fire. 又迟到了,你这次的借口是什么？Late again！ What s your reason this time. Late again！ What s your excuse this time. 挑选- I m sor

22、ry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.2003 北京 -There is no for this while you are on duty. A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation 15、mistake ,error ,和 fault 的用法区分三个词有“ 错误,过错” 之意；mistake 强调日常生活中判定和看法的错误；error 强调违反某一标准做的错事,包括道德上的错误；fault 强调责任过错或性格上的弱点、缺点；这三个词在一些固定短语中不能混用,如 an error o

23、f judgement 判定错误 ,by mistake 错误地 ,find fault with 找茬儿,挑剔 , 吹毛求疵 等她的美德补偿了她的缺点；Her virtue offset her mistake. Her virtue offset her fault. I broke off my relationship with John because he always found with whatever I did. A. error B. mistake C. fault D. failure 16、energy ,force ,power,strength 的用法区分en

24、ergy 主要指精力、活力、身体内部的能量、能源；force 着重指发挥出的力气、效力、暴力,也可指物质和精神力气等,复数形式指“ 武力” ；power 着重指人的权力、势力、才能和物的动力；strength 指本身具有的并能给人一种“ 强壮” 感觉的体力或内力；空军被派往前线；Air power were sent to the front. Air forces were sent to the front. 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中语法 直面高考这匹马身大力强；The horse was o

25、f great size and energy. The horse was of great size and strength. 中国是个人民掌权的国家；China is a country where the people are in forces. China is a country where the people are in power. 挑选You are always full of . Can you tell me the secret.2007 福建 A. power B. strength C. force D. energy 17、situation,state

26、 ,condition,occasion 的用法区分situation“ 形势,情形”,指明确、详细的环境情形或境况；state “ 状态,情形”,指人或物在环境、外表、心灵以及健康方面的状况,或指在某一阶段的状态或形式,常用单数形式；condition“ 状况,情形”,指处于肯定的缘由、条件或环境产生的特定情形；occasion “ 场合,时机”副总统健康状况不佳；,时间性较强,表示某个时间内的状况；The vice president is in a condition of poor health. The vice president is in a state of poor hea

27、lth. 他抓住机会邀请她回家吃饭；He seized the state to invite her home for dinner. He seized the occasion to invite her home for dinner. 挑选School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous 2006 辽宁 A. state B. conditions C. situations D. positions 18、巩固练习 1、 When he first went for treatment at the hospital

28、 he seemed to be hopeless . A. situation B. case C. condition D. state 2、 It doesnt make any now what he saysit s too late for apologies. A. difference B. effect C. progress D. development 3、 We discussed the high rate of single parent family, and wondered how to explain this . A. condition B. state

29、 C. situation D. phenomenon 4、 -Did you take the coat finally. -No ,it was beautiful, but was out of my price . A. control B. reach C. aim D. range 5、 He isn t a reliable man. Under no should you lend him any money. A. circumstances B. states C. cases D. situations 6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 17 页

30、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中语法 直面高考6、 In recent years, China and US ha ve been a lot of of views about the same problem. A. replacements B. transformations C. changes D.desire 7、 Eric was well prepared for the computer test so that he could be positive about passing it on his first . A. intention B.

31、attempt C. purpose D. desire 8、 You are really very kind. Ill never forget the you have done to me. A. favour B. deed C. help D.good 9、 As is well known to us all, in China pigeons stand for peace. However ,in India the wheel in its national flag is also aan of peace. A. symbol B. sign C. mark D. ex

32、ample 10、 In English college ,classes are often arranged in freer and opener and many jobs are designed for students. A. grades B. ranks C. customs D. patterns 11、 The little girl broke a which is made of just now. A. tea cup;glass B. cup of tea;glass C. teas cup;glasses D. tea cup;glasses 12、 -Mary

33、 was being badly treated when John happened to pass by and helped her out. -I think it was not a pure but had been well planned. A. coincidence B. occurrence C. arrangement D. incident 13、 It is a great for a person to be able to drive when he is seeking a job. A. advantage B. chance C. fun D. impor

34、tance 14、 In the time of social reform, peoples state of mind tends to keeepwith the rapid change of society. A. contact B. progress C. touch D. pace 15、 We have strong for believing that the mine accident in Wangjialing was due to the poor management. A. grounds B. reason C. cause D. purpose 19、高考真

35、题练习1、 Those who suffer from headache will find they get A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter from this medicine. 2、 I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl and she has changed beyond . A. hearing B. strengrh C. recognition D. measure 7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - -

36、 - - 高中语法 直面高考3、James took the magazines off the little A. room B. area C. field D. position 4、This restaurant has become popular for its wide tastes and pockets. A. circle B. range C. area D. division table to make for the television. of foods that suit all 5、After the earthquake, the first thing t

37、he local government did was to provide for the homeless families. A. occupation B. furniture C. equipment D. accommodation 6、Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000,aan of 40,000 per year. A. average B. number C. amount D. quantity 7、The doctor is skille

38、d at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good . A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization 8 、 The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct . A. solution B. target C. measure D. function

39、9、It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey. A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours 10、 From their on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. A. stage B. position C. condition D. Situation 1. 1 She was very happy. S

40、he in the maths test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake 2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please. A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe 3 _are_for cutting things. 8 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中语法

41、直面高考 A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using 4 What big_ the tiger has. A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave 6 -Can we have some _. -Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear 7 On the ta

42、ble there are five_. A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato 2 1 They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories 2 He gave us_ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice 3 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad. A. some news B. a news C. the news P . news 4 What_ lovely weather it is. A. / B. the C. an D. a 3 1 -Woul d you like_tea. -No, thanks. I have drunk two_. A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange 9 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 17 页精选学习资