2022年高中英语--阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载2022-20XX 年高三英语培优补差学案二 Gongli/2022/11/14 阅读懂得之主旨大意题 一、阅读技巧 “ tips ”（一）题型特点 考查同学对一篇文章或一段文字的深层懂得程度及在速读中精确把握文章主旨大意的才能；一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主 题,标题或目的设题；（二）题干表现形式1. What would be the best title of the passage. 2. Which of the following is the best title for the passage. 3. What

2、 is the passage mainly about. 4. What does the text mainly talk about.5. What is the main purpose of this article.6. The purpose of the passage is _ . 7. Whats the topic of the article. 8. What is the main idea of the passage. 9. The passage is intended to _. （三）应试技巧“1.主旨大意题属于归纳概括题；找准文章的主题句是关键；主题句定位

3、法 ”是一种行之有效的方法；在答题时,我们可以：读首句抓大意；读尾句抓大意；读首尾段抓大意2. 无明显主题句时高频信息词 一篇文章都是环绕某个主题绽开的,有的文章中最明显的特点之一 是有一个反复显现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词；Exercises. Text 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or

4、 the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. 主题句在 _ Text 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tel

5、ls them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. 主题句在 _ Text 3 Shu Pulon

6、g has helped at least 1000 people bitten 咬 by snakes. “ It was seeing people with snake bites 伤口 that led me to this career,” he said.In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. T

7、here he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives. “ I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once real

8、ized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart. Rushing home he shouted Bring me the knife.Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.”“ The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to h

9、elping people bitten by snakes,” Shu said.主题句在 _ Text 4 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of

10、a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out. 主题句在 _ Text 5 A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built belo

11、w the central area of the city, The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction. In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside th

12、e tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining. Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. along the length of the tunnel. T

13、he fire main is at 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones. The passage is mainly about _. A. the construction of a road B. the design of a road C. the cons

14、truction of two railways D. the design of two tunnels 4.留意标志词 文章或段落的主题句经常会显现在一些标志性的提示后；如：1关注一些表强调转折关系的连词 but, yet, however, in fact, indeed等 2 关注一些表征总结性,结论性的词：on the whole, in brief/short, above all, after all, all in all, in conclusion, in a word, in short, as a result, therefore, thus等 3 假如主题句有 sh

15、ow, indicate和 suggest等词,重点看其后的宾语从句；（四） 错误 干扰项 选项的特点：以偏概全；只是文中某个详细事实或细节,或是一句没有绽开论述的评 论；主观臆断；读者往往依据自己的常识或从文中某些（不完全）的信息片 面退出的结论而忽视了作者的见解；无关信息；既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息；Exercises. Text 6 Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America . About 160,440 Americans die each year from it. More than 87 percent of

16、 lung cancers are smoking related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization. The main idea of the passage is _.A. Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer B. Smoking is a bad habit C.LCO advises people to stop smoking D.Why did people die of Lung cancer. Text 7 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your he

17、alth. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible diseaseillness, cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokecough ”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch co

18、lds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it. What is the main idea . 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载A. Smoking can cause cancer. B. Smoking is a terrible killer C.Smoking is harmful to our health. D.An expe

19、riment on smoking. 练习一：A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students 18 boys and 2 girls had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung阶梯 out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest 竞赛 on Tuesday evening

20、. The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14. Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable. said a teacher from Guangdong province. Named after Chinas most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the

21、contest started in 1986, one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State Education Commission 国家教委 as the countrys biggest and best contest of its kind. This news story is mainly about _. A. when the contest started B. how the contest got its name C. the 20 pupil

22、s who have won gold medals in the contest D. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest 练习二Fat on human beings is distributed in different ways. Some fat people have a large stomach and no waistline which makes them look round, rather like apples. Others are fatter below the waist, wh

23、ich makes them appear pear-shaped. There are two types of fat: external fat fat under the skin and internal fat fat inside the body wall. Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the pears have less internal fat, but the apples have more internal

24、fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems. The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting 节食 simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At the moment there

25、 is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat. The text is mainly about _. A. fatness and health B. ways to lose weigh D. distribution of fat C. peoples figures 练习三In 1901, H.G . Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers 探险者 landed

26、on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the moon people they met. In turn, the moon peopleexpressed their surprise. Why, they asked, are you traveling to outer space w

27、hen you dont even use your inner space. H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. How ever, the question that the moon people asked is still an interesting one. A growing nu

28、mber of scientists are seriously thinking about it. Underground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The Chunnel, a tunnel 隧道 connecting England and France, is now complete

29、. But what about underground cities. Japans Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground system, called Alice Cities. The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome 太阳能穹 顶 would cover the whole

30、city. Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earths space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H.G. Wells moon people would agree. Would you. What would be the best title for the text. A.

31、 Alice Cities cities of the future B. Space travel with H.G . Wells C. Enjoy living underground D. Building down, not up 练习四Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes. It was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career, he said. In 1963, after his army service, Shu ent

32、ered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives. I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It

33、 was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart. Rushing home he shouted Bring me t

34、he knife. Minutes later the man lost his arm forever. The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes,Shu said. The best headline for this newspaper article is _. A. Astonishing Medicine B. Farmer Loses Arms C. Dangerous Bites D. Snake Doctor 练习五Ja

35、mes Cleveland Owens was the son of a farmer and the grandson of black slaves. His family moved to Cleveland when he was 9. There, a school teacher asked the youth his name. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载J.C., he replied. She thought he had said Jesse, and he had a

36、new name. Owens ran his first race at age 13. After high school, he went to Ohio State University. He had to work part time so as to pay for his education. As a second-year student, in the Big Ten games in 1935, he set even more records than he would in the Olympic Games a year later. A week before

37、the Big Ten meet, Owens accidentally fell down a flight of stairs. His back hurt so much that he could not exercise all week, and he had to be helped in and out of the car that drove him to the meet. He refused to listen to the suggestions that he give up and said he would try, event by event. He di

38、d try, and the results are in the record book. The stage was set for Owens victory at the Olympic Games in Berlin the next year, and his success would come to be regarded as not only athletic congratulate any of the African-American winners. 体育的 but also political. Hitler did not It was all right wi

39、th me, he said years later. I didnt go to Berlin to shake hands with him, anyway. Having returned from Berlin. He received no telephone call from the president of his own country, either. In fact, he was not honored by the United States until 1976, four years before his death. Owens Olympic victorie

40、s made little difference to him. He earned his living by looking after a school playground, and accepted money to race against cars, trucks, motorcycles, and dogs. Sure, it bothered 烦扰 me, he said later. But at least it was an honest living. I had to eat. In time, however, his gold medals 奖牌 changed

41、 his life. They have kept me alive over the years, he once said. Time has stood still for me. That golden moment dies hard. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text. A. Jesse Owens, a Great American Athlete B. Golden Moment a Life-time Struggle C. Making a Living as a Sportsman D. How

42、 to Be a Successful Athlete. 限时阅读词数： 364 标准时间： 6 分钟一People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking. They tr

43、y to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载problem. First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For

44、example, Sams bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle. Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find out the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if

45、 the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific. Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong

46、 with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels. Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes t