2022年初中英语语法总结之时态.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_中学英语语法总结之时态英语共有16 种时态,时态测试重点主要有：完成时态现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时 ; 进行时态现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时; 一般时态.但是中学生临时可能没有学习这么多,所以小编整理的关于中学英语语法时态学问点总结我们一起来学习和共享吧 一、一般时态1、一般现在时(1) 一般现在时表示没有时限的长久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态,常和副词usually,often , always sometimes , regularly,near ,occasionally,every year, every week等连用.例如：

2、1) The moon moves round the earth.2) Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.(2) 在由 after ,until,before ,once,when,even if ,in case,as long as ,as soon as,the moment以及 if ,unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时.例如：1I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2I will not go to countryside if it

3、 rains tomorrow.(3) 某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、方案或支配要发生的动作,这类动词有：be, go, come,start,depart ,arrive, begin , leave 等.例如：1The plane leaves at three sharp. 2The new teachers arrive tomorrow.(4) 在由 why,what ,where , whoever, who,that ,as 等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时.例如：1) Free tickets will be given to whoever come

4、s first.2) You ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.2. 一般过去时(1) 表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示准确过去时间的词、短语或从句连用.例如：We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.(2) 表示过去习惯性动作.例如：1) He always went to class last.2) I used to do my homework in the library. 留意与 be used to

5、 doing短语的区分 3. 一般将来时1) 表示将来准备进行或期望发生的动作或状态.例如： I shall graduate next year.2) 几种替代形式：1be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示预备做或将发生的事情.例如：I m going to buy a house when weve saved enough money. 2be to +v表示方案支配要做的事,具有“必要”的强制性意义.例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon.3) be about to +v表示即将发生的事情.例如：He was about to sta

6、rt.4) be due to +v表示预先确定了的事,必定发生的事.例如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The train is due to depart in ten minutes.5) be on the point/verge of +v ing强调即将发生的某种事态.例如：The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home二、进行时态1. 现在进行时1表示现在正在进行的动作,常与now,right now,at the mother,for the time being, f

7、or thepresent等连用.例如：Dont disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.(2) 表示现阶段常常发生的动作,常与always ,continually, forever, constantly等连用.例如：My father is forever criticizing me.(3) 表示依据方案或支配在最近要进行的事情. 具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词. 即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词. 常用的有： go,come,leave ,start ,arrive ,return 等.例如：They ar

8、e leaving for Hong Kong next month.(4) 有些动词不能用进行时,这是一类表示“感觉,感情,存在,从属”等的动词.如：see ,hear , smell ,taste ,feel , notice , look ,appear , 表示感觉的词 ;hate,love , fear ,like ,want ,wish , prefer ,refuse ,forgive表示感情的动词 ;be ,exist ,remain ,stay ,obtain表示存在状态的动词;have , possess ,own,contain ,belong ,consistof ,f

9、orm 表示占有与从属的动词 ;understand,know,believe , think ,doubt ,forget,remember 表示摸索懂得的动词 .但是假如它们词义转变,便也可用进行时态.例如：1Tom looks pale. What s wrong with him. look在此为联系动词,意为“显得,看上去” 2Tom is looking for his books.look在此为实义动词,意为“查找”2. 过去进行时过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与 always ,continually, const

10、antly等动词连用.例如：1We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 2Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.3. 将来进行时将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时刻开头,并连续下去的动作.常用来表示礼貌的询问、恳求等.例如：1This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2What will you be doing at six tomorrow

11、 evening.4. 完成进行时 现在、过去、将来 完成进行时是 现在、过去、将来 完成时的强调形式,将放在完成时态部分叙述.三、完成时态完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作.它可分为：1. 现在完成时(1) 现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作 常与 yet ,already ,just连用 , 或者过去某一时刻发生的,连续到现在的情形 常与 for , since 连用 .例如：1) I have just finished my homework.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2) Mary has been ill for three days.(2

12、) 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since,for,during,over 等引导出的短语 ; 副词 already,yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等; 状语词组 this week morning, month, year,so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等.例如：1) I havent been there for five years.2) So far, she hasn t enjoyed the summer vacation. 3Ther

13、e have been a lot of changes since 1978.(3) 完成时态可用在以下结构中：This That, It is was the first second time +定语从句 ;This That, It is was theonly last + n +定语从句 ;This That, It is was +形容词最高级 + n + 定语从句.假如主句的谓语动词是一般现在时, 从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时; 假如主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时.例如：1This is one of the rarest questions that

14、 have ever been raised at such a meeting. 2There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me thatevening.2. 过去完成时(1) 表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情形,这个过去的时间可以用by ,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示; 或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成.例如：1) We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.2) By the end of l

15、ast year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.(2) 动词 expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的期望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现.例如：I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away.另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是：1) was / were + to have done sth,例如：We were to have com

16、e yesterday, but we couldnt.2) intendedexpected,hope, meant, planned,supposed,wished, wanted,desired+ to have done sth, 例如：I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.(3) 过去完成常常用于以下固定句型：1hardly, scarcely, barely +过去完成时 + when +过去时.例如：Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.

17、2no sooner +过去完成时 + than +过去时.例如： No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.3by the end of +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时.例如：The experiment had been finished by 4 o clock yesterday afternoon.3. 将来完成时将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个将来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作 ; 也可以用来表示一种推测.常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有： by the time / the end of +表示将来时间的短语和

18、句子 ;before the end of +表示将来时间的词语或句子 ;when, after 等加上表示将来动作的句子等.例如：1) By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2) I shall have finished this composition before 9 o clock. 3When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.4. 完成进行时完成进行时是完成时的强调

19、形式,有现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时.(1) 现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开头的动作或状态始终连续到过去某一时刻.例如：I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven t found it.(2) 过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开头的动作或状态始终连续到过去某一时刻.例如：It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many place

20、s.(3) 将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开头的一个动作或状态始终连续到将来某一时刻.例如：By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.四：时态一样时态一样是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容.通常应由主句谓语的时态打算从句的谓语时态.一般原就是：1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时,从句的谓语依据详细情形使用任何时态He says that he lives in Wuhan.We hope that there will be many people at your party today.“Did

21、you hear that Bill finally sold the house.” “ Yes, but I dont know who bought it.” “There s a lot of excitement on the street.”“There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned.”2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候,从句的谓语必需使用过去范畴的时态He said he was writing a novel.The teacher wanted to know when we would fin

22、ish the experiment. He said his father had been an engineer.3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时,从句的谓语应使用一般现在时.例如：The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.注：在此种情形下,即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态,从句谓语也应用一般现在时.4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情形利用时态一样原就确定从句动词时态时,仍应留意,如主语动词是表示命令、恳求、要求、建议、劝说等的动词

23、,从句谓语只能用虚拟语气,不能遵循时态一样原就.例如：We insisted that we do it ourselves.动词的语态语态也是动词的一种形式,英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承担者.1We use electricity to run machines. 主动语态 2Electricity is used to run machines. 被动语态 1. 不能用于被动语态的动词和短语(1) 在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态, 但有些不及物动词 包括短语 简单引起误用. 如：appear, belong, bel

24、ong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place,consist of.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_(2) 某些表示状态或特点的及物动词,如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态.2. 被动语态的时态形式常用的被动语态有表 1 所列的几种时态形式.表 1时.SPAN lang=EN-US 一般时 进行时 完成时现在 am asked am being askedis asked is

25、being asked are asked are being asked 过去was be asked was being asked were be asked were being asked将来 shall be asked shall have been askedwill be asked will have been asked过去 should be asked should have been asked将来 would be asked would have been asked3. 短语动词的被动语态短语动词转换为被动语态时,通常被看作是一个动词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开

26、或省略.例如：1So far no correct conclusion has arrived at. 2All the rubbish should be got rid of.4. “ get + -ed分词”的被动语态“get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果,而非动作本身,常用来表示突发性的,出乎意料的偶然大事.例如：The boy got hurt on his way home from work.另外,“ get + -ed分词”仍可用于谈论为自己做的事,是主动的行为而不是被动的行为.例如：get dressed穿衣服 get divorced离婚 get engaged订婚

27、 get confused困惑不解 get lost迷路 get washed洗脸get married结婚5. 能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态(1) 能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一次只能由一个宾语作主语, 另一个宾语被保留下来. 例如：1We showed the visitors our new products.主动语态 2The visitors were shown our new products.被动语态 3Our new products were shown to the visitors.被动语态 (2) 能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,原先的宾语补足语变

28、为主语补足语.例如：1The teacher appointed him League secretary.主动语态 2He was appointed League secretary.被动语态 6. 被动语态与系表结构的区分(1) The novel was well written.系表结构 (2) The novel was written by Diskens.被动语态 7. 少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思例 1： The book is selling remarkably well.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_例 2： The song sounds very beautiful.能这样用的动词仍有 read 读起来 ,clean 擦起来 ,wash 洗起来 ,write写起来 .例 3： My watch needs cleaning. = My watch needs to be cleaned.能像 need 这样用的动词仍有：want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等.例 4： The meat is cooking.例 5： The book written by the professor is printing.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载