2022年初中英语比较级和最高级.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、 比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别.原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规章变化和不规章变化两种.规章变化单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加-er , -est原级比较级最高级talltallertallestsmartsmartersmartestshortshortershortest特殊提示：以-y,-er,-ow, le 结尾的双音节形容词末尾加er 和 est . 如：healthy,funny, busy

2、, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等.以不发音的e 结尾只加-r,-st原级比较级最高级nicenicernicestfinelargefinerlargerfinestlargest“以辅音字母+y ”结尾的词改y 为 i ,再加 -er, -est原级比较级最高级easyeasiereasiestprettyprettierprettiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunniestbusybusierbusiest以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾

3、的单音节词（即重读闭音节词）,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加 -er , -est原级比较级最高级slimslimmerslimmestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottestbigbiggerbiggest特殊提示： new, few, slow, clean等词含有字母组合,且发的是长元音,不用双写.大部分双音节词和多音节的词 即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词 ,要在前面加 more, most原级比较级最高级beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulimportantmore importantmost importantin

4、terestingmore interestingmost interestingexpensivemore expensivemost expensivepopularmore popularmost popular可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -特殊提示：以形容前缀un 构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情形,如 unhappy-unhapp

5、ier-unhappiest,untidy-untidier-untidiest以形容词 +ly 构成的副词要在前面加more , most原级比较级最高级slowlymore slowlymost slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyangrilymore angrilymost angrilysoftlymore softlymost softlynoisilymore noisilymost noisily特殊提示： early -earlier-earliest由ING 分词和ED 分词演化过来的形容词 包括不规章动词如know known 只能加

6、more 或 most 来表示它们的比较级和最高级.原级比较级最高级interestingmore interestingmost interestingexcitedmore excitedmost excitingtiredmore tiredmosttiredboringmore boringmost boring不规章变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderold

7、est/eldest特殊提示 further不仅可以指“距离更远”,仍可指“程度更深”.记住以下三个词组：further study进修 further education连续训练 further information 进一步的信息 elder仅用于同辈之间的排行,如: elder sister姐姐 elder brother 哥哥 less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不行数名词,修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer .以下内容不作为中学英语教学内容,仅供拓展之用.少数单音节词前面加more,most构成比较级和最高级,这类形容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词.afraid - mor

8、e afraid, most afraid tired - more tired , most tired fond - more fond , most fondglad - more glad , most gladbored - more bored , most boredpleased- more pleased , most pleased 下 列 形 容 词 和 副 词 的比 较 级 和 最 高 级 有 两 种形 式 , 即 ： 既 可 加 -er/-est也 可 加more/mostcruel, strict, often, friendly, clever可编辑资料 - -

9、- 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -以下形容词和副词没有比较级和最高（即表示“最高程度”或“肯定状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级）empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely .形容词副词比较级最高级使用留意事项比较应

10、在同类事物之间进行. 误： Your English is better than me.正： Your English is better than mine.比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语,最常见的三大修饰词是：a little, much, even.以下单词也可用来修饰：any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather.My sister is a little taller than me. Their house is much larger than ours.另外,名词短语也可修饰比较级,说明程度.I m three years older than h

11、e.特殊提示： very, quite, too不行修饰比较级.防止重复使用比较级.误： He is more kinder to small animals than I. 正： He is much kinder to small animals than I. 误： He is more cleverer than his brother.正： He is cleverer than his brother.比较要符合规律,在同一范畴内比较时,防止将主语含在比较对象中,这时需使用other来排除自身.误： China is larger that any country in Asia.

12、正： China is larger than any other country in Asia.误： John studies harder than any student in his class.正： John studies harder than any other student in his class.正： John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.正： John studies harder than anyone else in his class.比较要遵循前后一样的原就,留意前后呼

13、应.The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.序数词通常只修饰最高级.Africa is the second largest continent.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.为防止重复,我们通常用that, those, one,

14、ones代替前面显现的名词.that代替可数名词单数和不行数名词,those代替可数名词复数.one 既可指人又可指物,只能代替可数名词.The weather in China is different from that in America.The book on the table is more interesting than that或 the oneon the desk.Aboxmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.误： In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Sha

15、nghai.正： In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.“否定词+比较级”相当于最高级.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you.-I couldnt agre

16、e more. The idea sounds great to me.Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.比较级前一般不加冠词.但表示两者中较突出者,且比较级后又出名词或显现了of thetwo ,这时比较级前肯定要加the . He is the taller of the two.Of the two jobs, he chose the harder.Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy.试比较：Which is

17、larger, Canada or Australia.Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia. She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.不含 than的比较级前可加不定冠词修饰,构成“ a/an+ 比较级 +单数可数名词”表示“一个更的人/ 物”.Why don t you use a sharper knife.你为什么不用一把更锐利的刀了？比较级than后应用人称代词的主格,但非正式语体中常用宾格.He is taller th

18、an I/me.为防止重复,比较级中同样的动词用助动词do, does, did替代.I spend less time doing homework than John does. She tells more funny jokes than we do.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_one.以下内容不是中学教学的重点,仅供拓展之用.形容词 most 前面没有the ,不表示最高级的含义,只表示“特别”.It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.倍数表达法Aisthreefour,etc.

19、timesthesizeheight,lengthetc.ofB.The new building is four times the sizethe heightof the old这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高） / 这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_倍. Aisthreefour,etc.timesasbighigh,long,etc.asB.Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/ 亚洲比欧洲大三倍. A is three four, etc.times biggerhigher, lon

20、ger, etc.than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的 学校大三倍.用 times表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或 double.形容词副词比较级最高级重点句型归纳句型一：形容词或副词比较级+than留意事项：该句型为比较级的最基本句型.只要看到than ,即可确定前面使用比较级.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料

21、word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -He is taller than I am.The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.句型二： less +形容词的原级+ than留意事项：该句型表示“不如、不及”,特殊需要留意的是,less本身就是little的比较级,后面必需跟形容词的原级,否定就造成了比较级的重复使用.This computer is less expensive than that one.句型三： as + 形容词或副词的原级+ as留意事项：该句型表示对比的两者程度相当,as

22、之间必需跟形容词或副词的原级,决不能使用比 较级.此外,仍要确定使用形容词仍是副词.确定的依据就是依据第一个as 前的动词,假如是系动词（如be,感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel等）,那么就用形容词的原级,假如前面的动词是一般的实义动词,那么就必需用副词的原级修饰动词.This lesson is as easy as that one.Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.特殊提示： asas 之间也可以跟名词,句型如下： as + 形容词 + a/an +单数名词 +asHe is a

23、s kind a person as his father.他和他爸爸一样都是和善的人. as + many/much+ 不行数名词 / 可数名词复数 +asI can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少纸,我也能.I have as many books as you do.我的书和你的一样多.We ll give you as much help as we can.我们将尽我们所能给你帮忙.其它几个关于asas 的句型：asasonecan：尽其所能Hebegantorunasfastashecould.asaspossible：尽可能Pleaseh

24、elpusasquicklyaspossible. as soon as一就He will call me as soon as he comes here.句型四： not as/so +形容词或副词的原级+ as留意事项：该句型表示“前者不如后者”,往往可以与句型一和句型二替换.第一个as 可以换为 so.This classroom is not as bright as yours. I cannot run as fast as you.句型五： the + 形容词或副词最高级+ in / of / among +比较范畴留意事项：假如这里为副词最高级,前面的the经常省略.介词in

25、和 of 的用法完全不一样.in表示“在某一范畴内”,如：in the classroom, in the world.of 表示“在同类之间”,of 后面的词与主语同类,另名词前一般有冠词the .among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之间”, among后接代词或没有修饰语的名词.The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country. Peter is the tallest of the six students.This picture is the most beautiful among these.可编辑资料 - - -

26、欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -句型六： one of +形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式留意事项：one of 有三大考点：1.后跟形容词最高级.2.后接可数名词复数形式.3.作主语时主语为 one,谓语动词用单数形式.One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.句型七：比较级+and + 比较级

27、/ more and more +多音节词的原级留意事项：该句型表示“越来越”,假如该形容词比较级构成形式加er ,就用前面的句型.假如该形容词比较级加more 构成,就用后面的句型.It is getting hotter and hotter.The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.句型八： the + 比较级 +, the +比较级 +留意事项：该句型意思为“越就越”,表示两种情形同时变化.The more you eat, the fatter you will be.In the test, the more careful you

28、are, the fewer mistakes you will make.句型九： be different from留意事项：该句型没有运用比较级,但也是对两者事物进行比较.留意前后比较需在同类事物中进行.My schoolbag is different from yours.句型十： the same as/ the sameas留意事项：该句型同样没有运用比较级,表示两者之间具有共同特性.留意这里的as 和 same为固定搭配,不能任凭变换.I don t want to buy the same things as Amy did.句型十一：比较级+than + any other

29、 +名词单数形式留意事项：any other后面跟单数名词,表示“任何别的”,即主语在范畴内,必需把自身从这一范畴内除去,否就规律上不通.假如主语不在这一范畴内,那么要把other去掉,只用any即可.Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.（上海在中国这个范畴内,所以用 any other）Shanghai is larger than any city in Jiangsu.（上海不在江苏,所以只需用any ）句型十二：比较级+than + the other +名词复数形式留意事项：该句型相当于any other +名词单数形式,常

30、用来进行同义句改写.该句型与句型十一虽然波表面上都是比较级,但实际上相当于最高级.以下三句表达的是同一个意思.Daniel is the most hard-working student in our class.Daniel is more hard-working than any other student in our class. Daniel is more hard-working than the other students in our class.特殊提示： 表示两者 人或物 比较时, 比较的对象应是同类事物,不同类的事物之间无法进行比较.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载