2022年初二英语上册---知识点总结.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_初二英语上册（外研版） Module 9 Population学问点总结一、重点词汇noise基本用法noise n. 噪音, make noise指“发出噪音 ”.Dont make noise in the library.不要在图书馆里制造噪音.学问拓展 -词义辨析： sound/noise/voice1. sound “声音 ”,为最常用词,指可以听到的任何声音,强的,弱的,令人开心的或不开心的,有意义的或无意义的.如：I was reading last night, when suddenly I heard a sound in the next room.昨晚我

2、正看书时,突然听到隔壁房间有声音.2. noise常指太响或人们不愿听到的声音,“嘈杂声、热闹声 ”.3. voice指“说话声 ”唱“歌声 ”嗓“音 ”如：That sounds like Mary s voice. 那声音听起来似乎玛丽的声音.prepare原文再现I m preparing some notes for a report called“ Our growing population”. 我正在为一份名为 “增长的人口 ”的报告预备笔记.基本用法prepare v.预备（过去式： prepared过去分词： prepared现在分词： preparing 三单： prepa

3、res）prepare for sth指：为 做预备.Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 谚 抱最好的期望,作最坏的预备.How do I prepare for the exams. 我要怎样为这些考试做预备？ prepare to do sth指：预备做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Please prepare to get off from the rear door.请您预备从前后门下车.学问拓展 -词义辨析： prepare/prepare for/be prepared for prepare 预备,其宾语

4、为所 “预备 ”的直接内容.prepare for为. 做预备, for 的宾语不是预备的直接内容,而是谓语动作所要达到的目的.be prepared for意为 “做好了 预备 ”,表示某人某物处于“预备好了 ”这一状态,此处的 prepared 为形容词.notes原文再现I m preparing some notes for a report called“ Our growing population”. 我正在为一份名为 “增长的人口 ”的报告预备笔记.基本用法notesn. 笔记.记录（常用复数）take/make notes指：做笔记Please take notes of t

5、he important while you read.请边读边把重要的事情登记来.report原文再现I m preparing some notes for a report called“ Our growing population”. 我正在为一份名为 “增长的人口 ”的报告预备笔记.基本用法1. reportn. 报告,报导weather report天气预报He is reading a report of the state of the roads.他正在看一篇关于道路状况的报告.2. reportv. 报导（过去式： reported过去分词： reported现在分词：

6、reporting三单： reports ）She reported the success of a new experiment.她报告说一次新的试验胜利了.grow原文再现可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I m preparing some notes for a report called“ Our growing population”. 我正在为一份名为 “增长的人口 ”的报告预备笔记.基本用法growv. 生长,成长,种植（过去式：grew过去分词： grown现在分词： growing三单： grows ）Plants cannot grow well in t

7、he absence of water.没有水,植物就不能强壮的生长.学问拓展 -相关短语grow up长大,成长When the children grow up, the parents grow old.当孩子们长大时,父母们便老了.As children grow up, we should help them form some sound habit step by step.当孩子成长时,我们应当逐步帮他们形成一些良好的习惯.huge原文再现Beijing is a huge city with a large population.北京是大型城市,人口众多.基本用法hugead

8、j. 巨大的,巨大的He was a huge man, built like an oak tree.他是个大块头,牢固得像棵橡树.cause原文再现That causes a lot of problems, such as too much traffic and noise.这产生了很多问题,如：交通堵塞,噪音大.基本用法1. causen. 缘由.动机You have no cause for complaint.你没有理由埋怨.2. causev. 为 的缘由.导致.引起（过去式： caused过去分词： caused现在分词： causing三单： causes ）可编辑资料 -

9、 - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_She is always causing trouble for people.她总是给人添麻烦.problem原文再现That causes a lot of problems, such as too much traffic and noise.这产生了很多问题,如：交通堵塞,噪音大.基本用法problemn. 问题,难题He explained the problem to me.他对我说明这个问题.学问拓展 -相关短语No problem.没问题.- Could you tell Mary to call me back.你能告知玛丽给我回电话吗？

10、- Sure, no problem. 当然,没问题； increase原文再现Population increase is a big problem in many countries.人口增长在很多国家也是大问题.基本用法1. increasen. 增加.增强.提高There was a steady increase in population. 人口在不断增长中.2. increasev. 增加.增强.提高（过去式： increased过去分词： increased现在分词： increasing三单： increases ）The company has increased the

11、 price of its cars.公司已经提高了汽车价格.学问拓展 -相关短语1. increase to +增长到的数量可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The car factory increases its production to 10, 000 a year.这个汽车厂的产量增加到每年10, 000 辆.2. increase by+增长幅度The number of party members has increased by more than 4, 000, 000 since then.从那时到现在,党员数量增加了400 多万人.birth原文再现Tha

12、t makes over 131.4 million births a year.也就是一年诞生人口超过1 亿 314 万.基本用法birth n.诞生.分娩.起源.出身The baby weighed three kilos at birth.婴儿诞生时体重为三公斤.hang on原文再现Hang on a minute.稍等；基本用法hang on等候,坚持下去 Can you hang on for a minute. 你能不能稍等一会儿？Hang on a second. Ill come with you.稍等,我跟你一起去.flat基本用法1. flatn. 套房,公寓Its ch

13、eaper for you to hire a flat when you stay in Europe.你在欧洲停留期间,租借一套公寓住可省一些钱.2. flatadj. 平的,平整的People used to think that the earth was flat.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_过去人们认为的球是扁平的.rubbish基本用法rubbishn. 垃圾.废物rubbish bin垃圾箱The dustman comes once a week to collect the rubbish.垃圾工每周来收一次垃圾.学问拓展rubbish为英式英语,在美国

14、英语中,常常使用garbage 或 trash .Please put the garbage in the dustbin.请把垃圾放在桶里.quiet原文再现When Jo s grandparents first came to Parkville, it was a quiet village.当乔的爷爷奶奶第一次来到帕克维尔时,它是一个安静的村庄.基本用法quietadj. 安静的,安静的When you are in a library, you must be quiet. 当你在图书馆时,你必需保持安静. Please keep quiet while others are s

15、tudying. 在别人学习的时候,请保持安静.学问拓展 -词义辨析： quiet/calm/silent/still/noiseless/peaceful这些形容词均含 “安静的,无声无息 ”之意.quiet一般用词,指没有热闹、活动或骚乱的安静状态.calm ：一般用词,既可指天气、海洋等的安静状态,又可指人的镇静冷静、不慌乱,不受外界影响和心情支配.silent:一般用词,指缄默不语或无声无息.still ：指安静而又安定的状态.noiseless: 指无任何噪音或不出声,无声无息.peaceful ：一般用词,指一种不受外物扰乱和刺激的内在安静或和平状态.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下

16、载精品_精品资料_local原文再现The small local school in Parkville closed down five years ago, so Jo now has to go to a school in Arnwickwith 2,000 pupils.帕克维尔当的的学校五年前就关闭了,所以乔现在得去阿恩威克的一个有2022 名同学的学校上学.基本用法1. localadj.当的的,本的的I suggest that he put an advertisement in the local paper.我建议他在当的的报纸上登条广告.2. localn. 当的人I

17、 asked one of the locals which way to go. 我问了一位本的人,该走哪条路. close down原文再现The small local school in Parkville closed down five years ago, so Jo now has to go to a school in Arnwickwith 2,000 pupils.帕克维尔当的的学校五年前就关闭了,所以乔现在得去阿恩威克的一个有2022 名同学的学校上学.基本用法close down关闭,停业They will have to close down soon. Busi

18、ness is too bad.他们将不得不歇业,生意太坏了.The library had to close down for it was too late.天太晚了,图书馆得关门了.pupil原文再现The small local school in Parkville closed down five years ago, so Jo now has to go to a school in Arnwickwith 2,000 pupils.帕克维尔当的的学校五年前就关闭了,所以乔现在得去阿恩威克的一个有2022 名同学的学校上学.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_基本用

19、法pupiln. 学校生The teacher asked the pupil to put his hand down.老师叫这个学校生把手放下.pollution原文再现There is a lot of traffic and pollution.交通堵塞,污染严峻.基本用法pollutionn. 污染We have air pollution, water pollution and land pollution.我们有空气污染,水污染和土的污染.学问拓展 -相关单词pollutev. 污染,败坏The river has been polluted by waste products

20、 from the factory.这条河已经受到工厂排放的废料所污染.public原文再现It needs fresh air, clean water and better public services.它需要新奇的空气,清洁的水以及更好的公共服务.基本用法publicadj. 公开的,公共的The town has its own public library and public gardens.那城市有自己的公用图书馆和公园.学问拓展 -相关短语1. the public公众,大众Its beautiful gardens and parkland are also open to

21、 the public.它美丽的花园和绿的也向公众开放.2. in public公开的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_In many countries it is considered rude to spit in public.在很多国家,当众吐痰属不雅行为.I dont like making speeches in public; its so embarrassing.我不喜爱在公开场合演说,太难为情了.service原文再现It needs fresh air, clean water and better public services.它需要新奇的空气,清洁的

22、水以及更好的公共服务.基本用法servicen. 服务He was praised for his outstanding service.他的杰出的服务受到夸奖.What do you think of their service.你觉得他们的服务怎么样？学问拓展 -相关单词servev. 款待,供应.为 服务We must serve the people heart and soul.我们必需全心全意的为人民服务.solve原文再现However, can money help solve all these problems.然而,钱能帮忙解决全部这些问题吗？基本用法solvev. 解

23、决,解答（过去式 : solved过去分词 : solved现在分词 : solving三单: solves ）This problem is too difficult for me to solve.这个问题太难,我解决不了.Were trying to solve the difficult problem by ourselves.我们正设法自己解决这个难题.学问拓展 -相关单词solutionn. 解决,解答可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_solution to sth/doing sth意为： .的解答It may take a long time to find

24、a solution to the problem.或许要花很长时间才能找到解决这个问题的方法.二、重点句型I m preparing some notes for a report called“ Our growing population” .我正在为一份名为“增长的人口 ”的报告预备笔记.基本用法called 意为：被称为 .的,做后置定语. There are two men called Buckley in this company. 这个公司有两个人叫巴克利.Once upon a time, there was a little boy called Xiaogang.从前,

25、有个小男孩叫小刚.出题建议进入语法专练模板,挑选非谓语动词done 做定语,题型可挑选：单项、适当形式填空（单句类）、完成句子等,并在关键词中输入：call .Beijing is a huge city with a large population.北京为大型城市,人口众多.基本用法“ with a large population 在本句”中做后置定语, with 意为：带有 Children like the books with many beautiful pictures in them.儿童喜爱看有很多插图的书.The Blacks live in a house with a

26、 big swimming pool.布莱克一家住在有大游泳池的房子里.That causes a lot of problems, such as too much traffic and noise.这产生了很多问题,如：交通堵塞,噪音大.基本用法such as 意为：例如,用于进行列举.Heroes such as Huang Jiguang will always live in the hearts of the people.像黄继光这样的英雄人物,将永久活在人民的心里.too much 意为：太多,后接不行数名词Take care that you dont drink too

27、much wine.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_当心别喝多了.学问拓展词义辨析： for example/such as(1) for example作“例如 ”讲时,一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个 ”为例,作插入语,用逗号隔开,可置于句首、句中或句末.For example , air is invisible.例如,空气是看不见的.(2) such as也作为 “例如 ”讲,用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子.Boys such as John and James are very friendly.像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好. 词义辨析： much too/too

28、 much/too many(1) much too太、特别,用作副词词组,修饰形容词或其它副词.如：It s much too cold today.今日天气太冷.(2) too much太“多 ”,修饰不行数名词.如：I don t like winter because there s too much snow and ice.我不喜爱冬天,由于雪和冰太多了.(3) too many太“多 ”,后接可数名词复数.That s about one fifth of the world s population, that is, about 7 million.那大约是世界人口的1/5

29、,也就是大约 700 万.基本用法1. one fifth是分数,意为： 1/5 ,英语分数借助于基数词和序数词共同表达,其中基数词表示分子,序数词表示分母.假如分子大于1,分母要用复数形式.留意： 1/2 不能说 a（ one ） second ,而要说 a（ one ） half .1/4 和 3/4 可以说 a（one ）fourth 和 three fourths ,但常用 a quarter 和 three quarters表示.2. that is 意为：也就是,换句话说,用于说明说明,常做插入成分.I am 22, that is , I was born in 1992.我今年

30、 22 岁了,也就是说,我是1992 年诞生的.They had a small house, close to fields and hills.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_他们有一个小房子,挨着田的、小山.基本用法close 为形容词,意为：紧密的,亲热的,常用于：be close to中,表示 “离很近 ”.在本句中 “ close to fields and hills 做后置定”语,修饰 “ a small house .”His house is close to mine.他的房子靠近我家.All the people present began to sin

31、g the International Song.（present 做后置定语修饰 “ all the people） 在场的人都高唱国际歌.I know an actor suitable for the part.（ suitable for the part做后置定语修饰 “ an actor）”我熟悉一个适合扮演这个角色的演员.People from Parkville moved to Arnwick to find jobs, and they needed places to live.帕克维尔的人们搬到阿恩威克找工作,他们仍需要住的的方.基本用法1. move to.搬到The

32、y are going to move to a new house next week.下星期他们将迁入新居.2. 第一个动词不定式做目的状语文中采纳同样用法的句子仍有：But to do all these things, it needs more money.但是做这些事情需要更多的钱.3. 其次个动词不定式做定语,如： He has a lot of work to do today. 今日他有大量的活要干.However, it was expensive to live in the city center, so the government built flatsoutsid

33、e the center.然而,在市中心住太贵,因此政府在市中心外建了公寓.基本用法本句是由 so 连接的并列句句子之间是因果关系,同时在前一句采纳了“ it is +adj.+（for sb ） +to do sth,”表示 “做某事对于某人来说是 . ”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_It s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危急.It s difficult for us to finish the work in two days.我们两天完成工作是很难的.It ta

34、kes an hour to get there by bus.乘公交车去那儿要花一个小时.基本用法本句采纳了 “ It takes sb some time to do sth的句型,”表示 “某人做某事花了多长时间 ”.It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路.It takes her half an hour to learn English in the morning.她每天早上花半小时学英语.学问拓展 -词义辨析： spend/take/pay/cost1. spend的主语常常是人,用来表示人花钱买东西或

35、花时间做某事,常用的句型有：spend on sth/in doing sth I spend 5 yuan on the book. 我买这书花五元钱.The boy spent 10 minutes drawing a dog.那个男孩花了 10 分钟画一只狗.2. take也可表 “花费时间和金钱 ”,（一般只指花费时间） ,其常用结构为： It +take 各种时态 +time/money+to do sth.3. pay支“付,花费 ”,主语只能是人且只用于花费金钱,其结构是: pay + sb + some money + for sth.“为 付给某人多少钱 ”其中的人、钱、事,

36、可以依据详细情形取舍.如：I paid him5 yuan.我付（给他） 5 元钱.I paidhim 5 yuan for the book.我买那本书付给了他五元钱.4. cost指某东西 “值 钱”. “需要花费 钱/精力 ”等,它的主语一般为表示东西的名词,不能为表示人的名词,作及物动词和名词.可接双宾语,无被动语态.如：I ll bet that dress cost a thousand dollars.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_我敢说那件衣服得花1000 美元.It is clear that Arnwick needs more schools, buse

37、s and hospitals.很明显阿恩威克需要更多的学校、公交车和医院.基本用法本句中 it 为形式主语,真正的主语为that 引导的从句,为保持句子结构平稳,采纳“ it is +adj. +that从句” 句型.It is wrong that teenagers look down on the disabled people.青少年看不起残疾人是不对的.It is wonderful that we can watch the movie“ transformers” together.我们能一起看变形金刚真是太好了.Could it be your town some day.它

38、可能某一天成为你所在的小镇吗？基本用法本句中情态动词 could 用来表示对将来的估计,并不是过去式.Could he finish the work in 3 days.他三天后能完成工作吗？-What is your brother going to do on October 1.你哥哥十月 1 号准备做什么？- Im not sure. He could make a trip to Shanghai with his friends.我不确定,他可能跟伴侣去上海.出题建议挑选语法专练模板中情态动词下的“估计将来的事 ”,题型挑选单项,同时在关键词中输入：could .三、重点语法多位

39、数的读法1. 1000 以上的多位数,要使用计数间隔或逗号“, ”.即从个位起,每隔三位加一个间隔或逗号.第一个间隔或逗号前是 thousand（千）,其次个间隔或逗号前是million（百万）,第三个间隔或逗号前是a thousand million 或 a billion 十亿.2. 每隔三位分段以后就都成了101 999 .读的时候十位数（或个位数）的前面一般要加and .如： 888,000,000读作： eight hundred and eighty-eight million.冠词的用法冠词不能单独使用 ,也没有词义 ,它用在名词的前面 , 帮忙指明名词的含义.冠词分为不定冠词a

40、, an,定冠词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_the 和零冠词 / 三种.这三种冠词主要环绕“泛指 ”, “特指 ”与“类指”绽开.不定冠词 a 和 an 的用法1. 用于可数名词的单数形式之前,表示一.There is a tiger in the zoo.动物园里有一只老虎.2. 表示一类人或事物 A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能有危害性.3. 第一次提到的人或事物,但不特殊指明是哪一个Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.很久很久以前,有一个

41、年老的国王,他有一个特别美丽的女儿.4. 表示 每一的意思We go swimming four times a week.我们每周去游泳四次.5. 用于习惯用语中a little一点.一些a bit一点. a great many=a very large number of很多.大量a great dealof.很多 a lotof. 很多have a cold感冒have a good nice,wonderful,great time玩得兴奋pay a visit拜望留意： a 用于以辅音开头的名词前,an 用于以元音开头的名词前.the 的用法定冠词 the 的用法主要有：1. 用以

42、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物This is the house where Luxun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子.2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物Open the door, please.请把门打开.3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或 an”,以后再次提到用 “ the）”Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_从前森林里住着一只狮子.每天这只狮子要小动物们为他查找食物.4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月.He is always the first to come and the last to leave.他总是第一个来最终一个离开.Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市.5. 表示的球、宇宙等独一无二的事物the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth的球 the sky天空 the world