2022年高中英语语法总结2.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_高中英语语法简洁总结 :高中语法难在复杂,要记忆得学问点太多、太杂,我结合高中得语法要求大纲简洁总结了 我个人认为比较主要得学问点.大体把握思路,知道都有哪些学问点 ,然后多瞧、多做题 ,总结常常错得学问点 ,其实学问点就是有限得,只要多瞧几遍 ,多过滤几遍 ,就会发觉漏网之鱼已经很少了.下文总结了十二个要点:1 、主谓一样2 、时态3 、语态4 、非谓语动词5 、情态动词6 、虚拟语气7 、句子种类8 、名词性从句9 、状语从句10 、定语从句11 、强调句12 、倒装句当然以上并不就是全部要点,仍有一些比较基础得 ,比如 :祈使句、省略句、名词等学问点比较简洁 ,在平常做题

2、中自然而然就积存下来了,不需要刻意背诵.一、主谓一样主谓一样得关键在于 ,分条记清晰 ,不要混淆.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1、 以动词不定式短语,动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式; To study English well is not easy 、动词不定式短语作主语Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes 、 动名词短语作主语 What he said is very important for us all 、 从句作主语 2、 由连接词 and 或 both and 连接起来得主语后面 ,要用复数形式得谓语

3、动词.但如所连接得两个词就是指同一个人或物时,它后面得谓语就用单数形式.The writer and artist has e 、由 and 连接得并列单数主语前假如分别有no, each, every或 more than a an/one,many aan修饰时 ,其谓语动词要用单数形式.either,neither,each, every或 no+ 单数名词与由some, any no, every 构成得复合不定代词,都作单数瞧待.Every student and every teach is in the classroom 、Many a boy and many a girl

4、likes it 、No boy and no girl likes it 、Each of us has a new book、Is everyone here today.Somebody is speaking in class、Everything around us is matter如 none of 后面得名词就是不行数名词,它得谓语动词就要用单数.如它后面得名词就是复数,它得谓语动词用单数或复数都可以.None of the sugar was left 、None of us has have been to America 、3、 在定语从句里 ,关系代词 that,who

5、, which等作主语时 ,其谓语动词得数应与句中先行词得数一样. 画线为先行词 Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard 、He is one of my friends who are working hard 、He is the only one of my friends who is working hard、4、 在强调句型中应与被强调部分一样.It is I who am going to the cinema tonight、It is we who are going to the cin

6、ema tonight 、5、 假如集体名词指得就是整个集体,它得谓语动词用单数形式; 假如它指得集体得成员,其谓语动词用复数形式.His family has moved to the south、她得一家 His family are watching TV、她得家人 6、由 a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成得短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成得短语作主语时,其谓语动词得数要依据短语中后面名词 得数而定.There are a lot of people in

7、 the classroom 、Threefourths of the surface of the earth is sea 、50 percent of the students in our class are girls 、此外 ,仍有 a number of + 复数名词有类似得用法用复数 ,但 the number of +复数名词得数就得依 number而定 用单数 .A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples 、The number of pages in this book

8、 is three hundred 、6、 在倒装句中 ,谓语动词得数应与其后得主语一样.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_There es the bus、Between the two hills stands a monument 、7、 表数量得短语“ one and a half ”后面接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式.One and a half apples is left on the table、8、 一些学科名词就是以ics 结尾 ,如:mathematics,politics,physics以及 news, works等.都属于形式上就是复数得名词

9、, 实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时 ,其谓语动词要用单数形式.I don t think physics is easy to study 、9、“定冠词 the+ 形容词或分词” ,表示某一类人动词用复数;如表示某一类东西时,动词用单数.The old are taken good care of there、老人们 The beautiful gives pleasure to all 、美好得东西 10、there be句型中 be 动词得单复数取决于其后得主语.假如其后就是由and连接得两个主语 ,就应与靠近得那个主语保持一样,即就近一样.There are two chairs a

10、nd a desk in the room 、There is a desk and two chairs in the room 、11、主语后面跟有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to等引起得短语 , 谓语动词要跟主语一样 ,即就远一样.Mr 、 Green, together with his wife and children, has e to Ch

11、ina、A woman with a baby was on the bus 、Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground、She, like you and Tom, is very tall 、The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese、No one except my teachers knows anything about it 、二、动词得时态动词得时态就是日常口语、写作都要用到得,并不仅仅局限于考试 ,所以就是一个英语语法得基础.对于应用考试 ,时态得难点通

12、常就是过去完成时、过去进行时、将来完成时,难在时间点、时间段得判别 ,通常会有关键词比如agosince等等 ,假如没有关键词就要结合语境判定时间得连续性与间断性.1、 一般现在时 :do/does,系动词 is/am/are (1) 一般现在时表示常常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言,目前得特点、状态、才能等.(2) 主句就是一般将来时 ,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来. I ll go there after I finish my work、If it rains tomorrow,I won、t go there(3) 在以 here,there 开头得句子里 ,g

13、o,e 等少数动词得一般现在时表示正在发生得动作.There goes the bell、铃响了. There es the bus、汽车来了. 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Here she es、她来了. 2、 一般过去时 :did,系动词 was/were表达特定得过去时间内发生得动作或存在得状况,或过去某一时间内常常发生或反复发生得动作或行为.3、 现在进行时 :is/am/are doing(1) 表示正在进行得动作.(2) 表示按方案支配即将发生得动作.She is leaving for Beijing 、她要去北京. (3) 代替一般现在时 ,描画更加生动.T

14、he sun is rising in the east 、太阳从东方冉冉升起. 4、 过去进行时 :was/were doing(1) 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行得动作这一过去时间须用时间状语表示He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday 、(2) 表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行They were still working when I left、(3) 用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生I was writing while he was watching TV、(4) 表示过去将来动作He said she was arriv

15、ing the next day 、5、 现在完成时 :has/have done(1) 表示过去发生得动作对现在产生得影响或结果,说话时已完成得动作.I have finished the report 、/ She has cleand the room、(2) 表示从过去开头 ,待续到现在得动作或状态,往往与 “ fo、r、 ” ,“ sinc、e、 ”表述得一段时间状语连用.He has learned English for six years 、(3) 表示“曾经到过某的 人已回来 ”用“ have/has been to” ,表示“到某的去了 仍未回来 ” 用“ have/has

16、 gone to”.Where is Li Hua.He has gone to the readingroom 、She knows a lot about Shanghai 、She has been there、(4) 短暂动词 即瞬时动词,join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,e,arrive,die,marry,finish,plete,begin,start,break out等,在完成时态中 ,其确定式不能与表示一段时间得状语连用.不能说:He has joined the army for three years、要翻译 “她已参军已经三年了. ”可采纳

17、“ago法 ”He joined the army three years ago 、 “连续法 ”He has been in the army for three years、 “since法”It is/has been three years since he joined the army、6、 过去完成时 :had done(1) 表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成得动作.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He had shut the door before the dog came up 、(2) 表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开头始终连续到另一个过去时刻才完成,甚至仍

18、要连续下去.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it 、(3) 常用 hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词得过去完成时来表示未实现得期望、准备或意图.We had expected that you would be able to win the match 、7、 将来完成时 :will/shall have done用来表示在将来某个时刻前将完成得动作. 常与 by 短语 ,when,before 引起得时间状语连用.We will have finished senior Book

19、 2 by the end of this term、8、 现在完成进行时 :has/have been doing用来表示从过去某一时刻开头始终连续到现在仍要连续下去 得动作.He has been doing the math problems since 8:00 、9、 过去完成进行时 :had been doing表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开头始终连续到另一个过去时刻才完成,仍将连续下去.She had been waiting at the station for 5 hours 、She was still waiting 、有表示一段时间得状语10、一般将来时 :will/s

20、hall do;is/am/are going to do;is/am/areaboutto do一般将来时表示将来要发生得动作与存在得状况.（1） be + doing进行时表将来 :go, e, start, move, leave, arrive 等词可用进行时表示按方案即将发生得动作.He is moving to the south 、Are they leaving for Europe.（2） be about to + 动词原形 :表示支配或方案中得立刻就要发生得动作I was about to leave when the bell rang 、The meeting is

21、about to close 、,后面一般不跟时间状语.（3） be to + 动词原形表示按方案进行或征求对方看法.We re to meet at the school gate at noon、（4） 一般现在时表将来:时刻表上或日程支配上早就定好得事情,可用一般现在时表示将来.The meeting starts at five o、 clock三、动词得语态被动语态得句型动词得语态主要就是被动语态得应用,比较简洁.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1、常见句式就是 :主语 受动者 be过去分词 by 施动者 .He was scolded by the English

22、teacher 、2、主语 get过去分词其它成分.使用这种结构不能带有“ by The boy got drowned last summer 、施动者 ”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3、带有双宾语 直接宾语与间接宾语 得主动句变为动句 ,其主语可以就是直接宾语,也可以就是间接宾语.She lent me a bike、 被动 : I was lent a bikeby her 、 A bike was lent to meby her 、4、情态动词 be过去分词.This problem must be worked out in half an hour、可编辑资料

23、 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5、双重被动式 : 主语被动式谓语不定式得被动式其它成分.These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the readingroom 、四、非谓语动词非谓语不就是难点 ,但就是一个比较复杂得学问点,要记要背得东西比较多,但用熟了以后就会脱口而出 ,没有太大难度 ,主要在多用、熟识.1、只接不定式做宾语得动词:hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determi

24、ne, promise, happen、2、只接动名词做宾语得动词或短语:mind,miss, enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, feel like, succeedin, be fond of, objectto, get down to, beengaged in, insist on, thinkof, beproudof, take pride in, set about, be a

25、fraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, bebusy, pay attention to, stick to、3、意义不同得不定式 :stop to do 停止手中所做得事 ,去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做得事remember/forget/regret to do 指动作尚未发生 remember/forget/regret doing 指动作已经发生go on to do 接着做另外一件事go on doing 接着做同一件事 try to do 设法 ,努力去做 ,尽力try

26、doing 试试去做 ,瞧有何结果 mean to do准备做 ,妄想做 mean doing 意思就是 ,意味着 can t helpto do 不能帮忙做 can t help doing忍不住要做 be considered to have done 被认为已经做了consider tboe 认为就是consider doing 考虑做某事五、情态动词情态动词通常就是语气得表示,虽然没有实际意义,但却常常在完形填空中显现.第一要区分各个情态动词所表示满意思与语气,然后留意对应得文章与语境所需要得语气.之后就就是一些小点 ,比如 shall 得不同意义、情态动词 +have done得各种

27、特别用法等.1、表示 “才能、许可 ”得 can 与 may:(1) 表示才能得情态动词用can/could .A puter cant think for itself; it must be told what to do、(2) 表示许可时用 may/might ,can/could 都可以 ,但在问句中用 could .或 might ？ 以使口气委婉客气 ,其回答肯定要用 can 或 may,以使回答口气明确 must 表示肯定 ,必需 ,mustn 表t示禁止,不许可 .Johnny, you m ustn t play with the knife, youmay hurt yo

28、urself 、(3) 在确定句中 could 不行以用来表示过去某一特定场合得才能,而要用 was/were able to.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out、2、表示 “推断、判定 ”得 can,may,must:(1) 在确定句中都可以用来表示可能.在含义上 must 语气最确定 ,may 表示得就是事实上得可能性.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Peter may e with us tonight, but he isn t、very sure

29、 yet(2) 在否定句中只能用can 与 may.所以 can 时t用以代替 mustn 语t,气比 may 更确定.中文可以翻译为不行能.Michael can t be a policeman, for he s 、much too short(3) 在疑问句只能用 can,不能用 may 与 must.He may be very busy now 、 /Can he be very busy now. He must be very busy now 、 /Can he be very busy now.3、need 作为情态动词只有一种形式,只用于否定句与疑问句.4、dare 作为

30、情态动词用时有两种形式:dare 与 dared 两个词形 ,除了可以用于否定句与疑问句外 ,仍可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑得句子中.If he dare e, I will kick him out、I don t know whether hdeare say、 He doesn t daretoanswer the qutieosn 、否定句 Does she daretoenter the dark room.疑问句 5、shall:(1) 用于第一人称 :征求对方满看法.What shall we do this evening.(2) 用于其次、三人称:警告、命令、承诺、威逼等.Yo

31、u shall fail if you don t w、ork h警ar告derHe shall have the book when I finish reading 、承诺 He shall be punished、威逼 6、should 劝说、建议、命令、应当做、道义上得责任.You shouldought to go to class right away 、7、will/would:(1) 恳求、建议 ,would 比 will 委婉客气.Would you pass me the book.(2) 表示意志、愿望与决心.I will never do that again 、(3)

32、 would 可表示过去反复发生得动作或某种倾向.The wound would not heal 、伤口老就是不能愈合 （5） would 表示估量或猜想.What would she be doing there.8、情态动词 +have done 得用法 :1could+have done: 本可以做而实际上未能做.You could have done better, but you didn、t try your best 2cannot+ have done: 表示对现在或过去行为得否定估量.He cannot have been to that town 、3 can+主语 +

33、have done :表示对过去行为得怀疑或不愿定用在疑问句中 .Can he have got the book.4mightmay+ have done: 对过去发生得行为不太确定得估量.He may not have finished the work 、（6） must+ have done:对过去发生得行为确定得估量.其否定式为:cannot have done.You must have seen the film 、You cannot have seen the film 、(7) needn th+ave done:原来不必要做得而实际上又做了.You needn t hav

34、e watered the flowerfso,r it is going to rain 、区分于 :didn t need tohave todo: 没有必要做而实际上也没有做I didn t need to clean the windo、ws My sister did it 2 hours ago 、(8) shouldought to+ have done: 原来应当做而实际上又没有做.其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了.You should have started earlier, but you didn、tShe shouldn t have taken away my

35、 measuring tape,for I worked to use、it可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_区分于 :He should have finished the workby now、表估量 六、虚拟语气虚拟语气就是重点也就是难点,肯定要具体记忆,清晰的辨论各种用法 ,千万不要混淆. If 引导得条件句就是基础 ,在清除记忆了这个基础之上,有几个难点如下所列 :省略 if 得虚拟条件句、混合虚拟条件句、含蓄虚拟条件句与其它状语从句等.1、 If 引导得条件从句 :(1) 与现在事实相反从句 :过去式 was/were, 主句:should/would/could/m

36、ight +do If he were here, he would help us 、(2) 与过去事实相反从句 :had +done,主句:should/would/could/might +have +done If I had been free ,I would have visited you 、(3) 与将来事实相反从句 :过去式 /should+动词原形 /were +to do, 主句:should/would/could/might+动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping、2、 省略 if 得虚拟条件句

37、 :将虚拟条件从句中得were,had,should放到主语之前 ,构成主谓倒装.Should he e ,tell him to ring me up 、Were I you, I would not do it 、Had I been free, I would have visited you 、3、 混合虚拟条件句 :(1) 不同时间得虚拟 :各遵守各得规章.If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now、 If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now

38、、If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party、(2) 虚拟与陈述得混合:各遵守各得规章.He could have passed the exam, but he wasn t careful eno、ugh You should have e earlier 、 The bus left a moment ago 、4、 含蓄虚拟条件句 :1but for+ 名词表示虚拟条件But for your timely warning, we must have got into great trouble、 You know we

39、 re friends 、 2without+ 名词表示虚拟条件Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold、(3) 动词不定式表示虚拟条件It would be only partly right to follow in this way、假如用这种方式 ,仅仅对了一半. (4) 现在分词表示虚拟条件Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident、要就是准时得知得话 ,我们或许能阻挡这场事故

40、. (5) 过去分词表示虚拟条件Given more attention, the tree could have grown better 、假如多留心得话 ,这树原来可以长得更好. （7） 副词 otherwise 表示虚拟条件I was too busy at that time 、 Otherwise, I would have called you 、我当时太忙 ,否就我就给您打可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_电话了. 8 连词 but 连接得句子表示虚拟条件He would bee fatter but he eats too little 、5、 其它状语从句 :

41、（1） as if/as though 引导得状语从句中动词用did 或 had done 或 would could might do.与现在事实相反He talks as if he knew where she was.与过去事实相反He talks about Rome as if he had been there before 、与将来事实相反He opened his mouth as if he would say something 、留意 :当说话者认为所述得就是真实得或极有可能发生或存在得事实时,as if/asthough 引导得状语从句中也可以用陈述语气.It sou

42、nds as if it is raining.听起来像就是在下雨.He talks as if he is drunk.从她谈话得样子来瞧她就是醉了.2in order that/so that 引导得状语从句中动词用can/could/may/ might/ would等+do.Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly 、6、宾语从句 :(1) demand, suggest, order, insist 后接得从句中动词为should+ do .He suggested that we not change our mind 、(2)

43、 wish 后得从句中分别用过去式,过去完成式与should/would+ do表示与现在 ,过去与将来情况相反.I wish I could be a pop singer 、I wish I would have gone to Shanghai last month 、7、主语从句在 It is necessary / important / strange thatIt is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that 等从句中 ,谓语动词用should+ do .It is strange that such a person sho

44、uld be our friends 、8、其它句型中(1) It is time that句型中动词用过去式或should+ doIt s highmtei that we left/should leave 、(2) would rather 所接得从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now 、(3) If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式,表示剧烈得愿望If only our dream had e true.七、句子种类句子种类就是比较简洁,考试也不会特别单独考到,在这里写下主要就是由于它就是语法学习得基础 ,有

45、助于接下来高级语法得学习,所以简洁懂得清晰即可.1、感叹句 :1what +名词What a fine day it is. 多好得天气吖 . 2how +形容词或副词How hard they are working. 她们工作多努力吖； 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3how + 句子How time flies. 时间过得多么快吖 .4How + adj 、 + a an + n 、=What aan+adj 、+nHow nice a boy he is .=What a nice boy he is. 多好得孩子啊 . 2、简洁句 :1 主+谓They disappeared、 她们消逝了. 2 主+谓+宾He likes swimming 、她喜爱游泳. 3 主+谓+间接宾 +直接宾I told my friend the good news 、 我把好消息告知了我得伴侣.4 主+谓+宾+宾补They named the boy Jack、 她们给孩子起名叫杰克.5 主+系+表She is a university student 、 她就是一名高校生. 3、并列句 :(1) 并列关系 and, no