2022年高考英语定语从句考点总结.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_高考靠近仍为英语犯愁？这里有份连老外都点赞的定语从句技巧一、概念在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.引导定语从句的词叫关系词.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词.定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.二、 引导词 1关系代词： that/who/whom/which/as 2关系副词： when/where/why可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_三、分类依据定语从句与先行词的关系, 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句.1、限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不行省去.例如：Any man that / who has a sense of

2、duty wont do such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事.2、非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去, 意思仍完整.例如：The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.这幢房子很美丽 , 是我们上个月买的 .留意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词that .四、关系代词的用法可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1、that:可指人或物 ; 在定语从句中作主语, 宾语, 表语. 指人时,相当于 who 或 whom;指物时, 相当于 which 一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不

3、行置于介词后作宾语 如：（1） ） A letterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficultto read. 主语（2） ） Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now.（3） ） You can take anything that you like. 宾语（4） ） What is the question that/which they are talking about.（5） ） Here is the man who/whom/that you want to see.（6） ） Shes

4、no longer the girl that she used to be before.表语（ 6） Our hometownis no longerthe one thatitused to be.= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from whatit used to be.= Our hometown is not what it used to be.2、which:指物; 在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语.如：（ 1） The book which/that

5、was on the desk was bought by my father.主语（ 2） 2. The book which/thatI bought yesterdayisvery interesting.宾语（3） ） The factory in which his father works is far from here.（4） ） He was proud, which his brother never was. 表语（5） ） Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French. 定语可编

6、辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_（6） ） He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him. 3、who, whom, whose:who: 主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人whom: 宾格,在从句中作宾语 ;只可指人whose: 属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物.（ 1） I like the students who/that work hard. 主语（2） ） All who heard the story were amazed. 代词如 he, they, any, those,

7、 all, one等后多用 who.（3） ） Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. 宾语（4） ） Hes a man from whom we should learn. = Hes a man whom/who/that we should learn from.比较： He is the student whom you think to be worthy of your praise. He is the student who you think is worth pr

8、aising.（5） ） A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.指人Idlikea room whose window faces south. 指物=Idlikea room of which the window faces south.=Idlikea room the window of which faces south.There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come关系代词作介词宾语 :可编

9、辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首 ,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式 . 介词前置, 必需留意不影响动词词组的含义. 关系代词 who 和 that用作介词宾语时 ,介词必需放在句末 . 如:（1） ） This is the book for which you asked.=This is the book that/which you asked for.（2） ） Doyou know the person with whomI shook hands.= Doyou know the person whom/wh

10、o/that I shook hands with.（3） ） The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age.（4） ） In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week.Is th

11、is factory the one to which you paid a visit last week.（5） ） This is the girl whom they are looking after. 介词 after与 look构成固定词组,不行前置.再如： look at, look for, look after, take care of 等4、as 的用法:as引导定语从句 ,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语 (1) 如为限制性的,多用于 the same as ; the same as;suchas ; as many/much as;soas 等结构中.如：I hav

12、e the same book as you have.我有一本和你的一样的书.Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. 关系代词 as 和指示代词 same连用,在从句中用作表语 ,先行词是 same.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Why didnt you mention that in face of the police just now.I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.We will

13、 only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Dont do such things as you are not sure about.There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比较： I live in the same house that he used to live in. Im wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比较： Here is so big a

14、 stone as no one can lift. 定语从句 Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.结果状语从句 (2) 如为非限制性的, 多单独引导一个定语从句, 这种定语从句可置于句首, 句中或句尾,译为 正如,这一点 . 动词常为 know, see, expect,pointout,etc.As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . as作宾语=As is known to all,smoking is harmfulto oneshealth. as作主语 =Its

15、known to allthatsmoking is harmfulto ones health.或:Smoking isharmful to oneshealth, as we allknow .as作宾语 或: Smoking, as we allknow, is harmful to one health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. 宾语,先行词是前面整个句子5、but 的用法:but 用作关系代词 ,其意思相当于 who/that not , 没有不 ,如可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_（ 1） Ther

16、e is not one of us but wishes to help you.（ 2） There is no tree but bears some fruit.（ 3） There are very few but admire his talents.五、关系副词的用法1、when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语.例如： This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间. when=at which2、where 指的点,其先行词表示的点,在句中作的点状语.例如： This is the place where he works.这是他工作的的点. where=at /in which3、 why 指缘由,其先行词是缘由,起缘由状语作用.例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到. why=for which可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载