完整生动的英语被动语态分析解析.pptx

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1、Some trees have been cut down.第1页/共37页 ThePassiveVoice(被动语态）被动语态）第2页/共37页 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。英语语态被动语态的构成workedopenedclosedseentaughtaskedworkcloseopenaskseeteache.g.由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。助动词be有人称、数

2、和时态的变化。第3页/共37页英语的谓语动词有两种语态英语的谓语动词有两种语态We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾变主宾变主,主变宾主变宾,前加前加by动变被动变被,看清看清be,结构分别结构分别be+pp主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态第4页/共37页主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语找宾语-即动作的承受者即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数-即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态判断动

3、词的时态-即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 made5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语-即即by+主语主语/宾语宾语.by them.第5页/共37页Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.第6页/共37页Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthewordsgivenin

4、thebrackets.1.Thebridge(build)lastyear.2.TheOlympicGames(hold)everyfouryears.3.Theproblem(discuss)atthemeetingnow.4.Hisnewbook(publish)nextmonth.5.Theclassroom(notclean)yet.wasbuiltareheldisbeingdiscussedwillbepublishedhasnotbeencleaned第7页/共37页Readtext-16.Themachine(repair)atthistimeyesterday.7.Shes

5、aidthereport(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks.8.MissLisaidthebook(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning.9.BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords(learn).10.Hesaidtheproject.(finish)by2010.wasbeingrepairedhadbeentypedwouldbegivenwillhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinished第8页/共37页Readtext-2Whencanweusethepassivevoic

6、e?1.不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。作的执行者时。My bike was stolen last night.昨晚我的自行车被偷了。Letters are collected at eight every morning.信件每天早晨八点收取。ThedeskwasmadebyMasterWang.这张课桌是王师傅做的。Thebagwastakenawaybyhissister.那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。第9页/共37页Article1_popwin_title3.为了更好地安排句子。Thewell

7、-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一个主语就够了）那个名人一上车就立刻被大家认出来了。Ihaveanewskirt.Itwasgiventomeasabirthdaypresentbymyaunt.我有条新裙子。它是我阿姨送给我作为生日礼物的。4.在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：第10页/共37页Article1_popwin_headforHow to change the active voice into the passive voice?将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主将主动结构中的宾语

8、变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be+过去分词过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语的宾语(若动若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语短语)。1.把SVO（主动宾）句型的主动句转换成被动句，原句中的宾语作被动句的主语。e.g.LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.ThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.WorkersmadethemachinesinChangsha.ThemachinesweremadeinChan

9、gsha.基本方法第11页/共37页2.把把SVoO（主动间宾直宾）的主动句转换成被动（主动间宾直宾）的主动句转换成被动句，常用原句中的间接宾语作被动句中的主语。句，常用原句中的间接宾语作被动句中的主语。Article1_popwin_tape.g.Theygaveheraprize.Shewasgivenaprize.XiaoLisbrothertaughthimEnglish.XiaoLiwastaughtEnglishbyhisbrother.e.g.Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.Thedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.Wecall

10、edthestudentCleverHans.ThestudentwascalledCleverHans.3.SVOC（主动宾宾补）句型转换为被动句时，原句中的宾语补语就成为主语补语。第12页/共37页Article2_popwin_pullover4.短语动词转换为被动态时，通常被看作是一个动短语动词转换为被动态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。e.g.Theylookedafterthechildrenwell.Thechildrenwerewelllookedafter.Wehasputoffthemeetingtillnext

11、week.Themeetinghasbeenputofftillnextweek.e.g.LiLeitoldusthattheteacherpraisedhimtoday.WeweretoldthatLiLeiwaspraisedbytheteachertoday.5.复合句的主动语态变被动语态时，复合句中的主句和从句都须同时变为被动语态。如：第13页/共37页Article2_popwin_radio英语中用主动表被动的几种特殊情况2.某些某些“be+形容词形容词+todo”结构中的不定式通常结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：要用主动形式表示被动意义：1.连系动词为不及物动词，它们

12、没有被动语态形式。连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。但有些表示感受、感官的但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词连系动词(如如look,sound,smell,feel,taste等等)可用主动表被动：可用主动表被动：Thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.这座建筑看上去很美。Hervoicesoundedquitesweet.她的声音听起来非常甜美。Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.这书很难懂。Themusicisntpleasanttolistento.这音乐不好听。第14页/共37页Article3_popwin_flight3.不定式用

13、于某些动词不定式用于某些动词(如如have,havegot,get等等)的的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。Ihavesomeclothestowash.我有一些衣服要洗。MissGreenhassomeimportantletterstosend.格林小姐有一些重要的信件要寄。注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：Ihavesomethingtotype.我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)Ihavesomethingtobetyped.我有些东

14、西要打(字)。(指请人打字)第15页/共37页4.在tootodosth和enoughtodosth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式todosth为被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式)。Theteaistoohottodrink.茶太热，不能喝。Theseboxesarenotstrongenoughtousetobeusedasaplatform.这些箱子不够牢，不能用作站台。第16页/共37页6.在在need,want,require等少数表示等少数表示“需要需要”的的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。义。5.bewo

15、rth后的动名词要用主动表被动。后的动名词要用主动表被动。Thehouseneedscleaning.房子需要打扫了。Thesechildrenrequirelookingafter.这些孩子需要照看。Thehouseneedstobecleaned.Thesechildrenrequiretobelookedafter.Thismovieisworthseeing.这部影片值得一看。Theproblemisnotworthdiscussing.这个问题不值得讨论。第17页/共37页带复合宾语的被动语态结构带复合宾语的被动语态结构（）（）make sb.do sth.sb.be made to

16、 do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.watch let havehear see notice第18页/共37页(2)see sb.doing sth.sb.be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.hear/watch/.第19页/共37页We often hea

17、r them sing this song.They are often heard to sing this song(by us).This song is often heard(by us)to be sung(by them).第20页/共37页Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.tell ask bring write give teach pass lendtoHe told Jim

18、 a story.第21页/共37页Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy drawforI bought my brother a book.第22页/共37页注意注意:约翰打开了收音机。约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken ca

19、re of by Grandma.注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.第23页/共37页They said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.类似的还有：类似的还有：It is reported/believed/hoped/supposed that.第24页/共37页1).不及物动词没有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。如：如：belong,

20、happen,take place,last,come true,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。等。*Great changes have taken place in this city.*That bike doesnt belong to Mike.第25页/共37页2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have /fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正正】Look at the blackboard，please【误误】The

21、 blackboard is looked at by you 第26页/共37页4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态系动词没有被动态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。这条围巾摸上去很软。The fish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.第27页/共37页5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正正】You must look after yourself【误误】Yourself must be looked after 4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。某些动词形式是主动，但

22、含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。这种布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.这书卖完了。这书卖完了。The book is sold out.第28页/共37页这块表需要修理一下。这块表需要修理一下。Thewatchneedsmending.=Thewatchneedstobemended.=We need to mend the watch.want第29页/共37页Did he finish the work yesterday?Werethebookstakenawaybythegir

23、l?Did the girl take away the books?Was the window broken by Tom?_ Tom_ the window?Did breakWastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday？第30页/共37页Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?Is talked by themDoesntBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_thestreet_byBobeveryday?Isnt cleaned第31页/共37

24、页He told us to get to school early.Our parents ask us to stay at home at night.We were told to get to school early by him.We are asked to stay at home at night.-Did you go to the party?-No,I _(invite)wasnt invited第32页/共37页The bridge _ in three weeks.(finish)You can go out if your homework _(do)will

25、be finished is doneThis is one of the things that _(see)that day.were seenWhen was PRC _(found)?was seenThis is the only one of the things that _(see)that day.foundedYou should get your shoes _(wash)washed第33页/共37页Ar ticle5_popwin_intheworld1下一届奥运会将于2012年在伦敦举行。2奶奶告诉他要好好保管这枚戒指。3我现在很忙。我有很多作业要做。4到目前为止，

26、地球人已经几次拜访了月亮。The next Olympic Games will be held in London in 2012.He was told by his grandma that the ring should be kept well.Im busy now.I have lots of homework to do.So far,the moon has been visited by earthmen several times.KEYKEYKEYKEYTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.第34页/共37页Article5

27、_popwin_embarrassed15你的外套该洗洗了。6我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。7这本书值得一看。8有人看到他昨天下午在操场上打篮球。KEYYour coat needs cleaning/to be cleaned.I was bought a new bicycle by my father.This book is worth reading.He was seen playing basketball on the playground yesterday afternoon.KEYKEYKEY第35页/共37页Article5_popwin_embarrassed2KEY9你的理由听起来挺合理的。10有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。Your reason sounds reasonable.He was heard to say goodbye to his friend.KEY第36页/共37页感谢您的观看。第37页/共37页