情态动词用法高考考前复习.pptx

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1、 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词。不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。例如：We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。May I have your name?我能知道你的名字吗？Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗？You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。canMayShall must 情态动词的基本用法情态动词的基本用法第1页/共59页 情态动词无人称和数的变化,后面接动词原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去

2、式两种形式,但时态性不强,过去式并不只是表示过去，也可用来更加客气、委婉地表达现在甚至将来时间的情况。情态动词一般不能连用。例如：He could be here soon.他很快就来。could 情态动词的情态动词的基本特点基本特点第2页/共59页1）除ought和used外，情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如 果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有 情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式：We used to grow beautiful roses.I asked if he would come and repair my television s

3、et.2）情态动词在谓语中总是位居最前面：They need not have been punished so severely.3）情态动词没有数的变化：She dare not say what she thinks.4）除be able to外，没有非限定形式，即没有不定式、分词和动 名词形式：Not being able to help her,he felt sorry.5）情态动词的“时”的形式不是时间区别的标志。在不少场合，情态动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或 将来时间：Would you mind very much if I ask you to do som

4、ething?She told him he ought not to have done it.6）情态动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个谓语动动词中 只能出现一个情态助动词：You should have washed the wound.used to wouldneeddareWouldoughttoshould具体特点具体特点第3页/共59页年份推测虚拟语气情感、态度必要性其他2004403602005130220200632242200763133200873121200942420合计371013217高考中的情态动词特点高考中的情态动词特点(湖北卷完成句子题中湖北卷完成句子题中07

5、年年2题，题，08和和09年未考年未考)第4页/共59页高考中的情态动词特点高考中的情态动词特点情态动词情态动词040506070809合计合计can(nt)31526017could0300115may0110316might1001002should(nt)41152316shall/shant2011004need(nt)1220005must(nt)26242521will0100001合 计1315121314107777 第5页/共59页Tom is strong.He can lift the heavy box.(physical ability)IcanseeCentralP

6、arkfrommyapartment.(used with verbs of senses)Having been taking lessons for years,Maria can play the piano.(skill)At the hardware store you can buy a hammer.(logical possibility)Tom is not up,but you can leave if your work is finished.(permission)(spokenspoken)The police are doing all they can to f

7、ind her.Can we go home now,please?(asking for permission)You cant be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!(08浙江)She cant have left school,for her bike is still here.(2008天津)My MP4 player isnt in my bag.Where can I have put it?(07福建25)(doubt/deduction about possibility)(surprise at possibi

8、lity)It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it can be rather cold sometime.(2008福建)can的主要用法的主要用法第6页/共59页should的主要用法的主要用法_(对对正确而明智的正确而明智的事情的事情的建议建议)_I dont care what people think.Well,you should.(09四川)Im sorry.I shouldnt have shouted at you the other day.(2008江苏)Forget it.I was a bit out of c

9、ontrol myself.Hows your tour around the North Lake?Is it beautiful?(07海南、宁夏27)It should be,but it is now heavily polluted.My cats really fat.(07浙江15)You shouldnt have given her so much food.Hows your tour around the North Lake?Is it beautiful?It should be,but it is now heavily polluted.(07全国27)(正确而明

10、智的做法本来应该本来应该是 什么但事实上没有这样做)(提出建议或征求意见提出建议或征求意见 “该该”)Turn off the TV,Jack.Shouldnt you be doing your homework now?Mum,just ten more minutes,please.(07辽宁30)What do you mean,there are only ten tickets?There should be twelve.(09海南)(正确的数量或正确的方法正确的数量或正确的方法“应该是应该是”)According to the air traffic rules,you sho

11、uld switch off your mobile phone before boarding.(08年上海卷)(表示命令或指示、要求表示命令或指示、要求)Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifitshouldbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.(09天津天津)(表示某事发生或出现的可能性表示某事发生或出现的可能性“应该应该”不大不大“万一万一”)第7页/共59页should的主要用法的主要用法_(对对正确而明智的正确而明智的事情的事情的建议建议)_I dont care what people

12、think.Well,you should.(09四川)Im sorry.I shouldnt have shouted at you the other day.(2008江苏)Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.Hows your tour around the North Lake?Is it beautiful?(07海南、宁夏27)It should be,but it is now heavily polluted.My cats really fat.(07浙江15)You shouldnt have given her so

13、much food.Hows your tour around the North Lake?Is it beautiful?It should be,but it is now heavily polluted.(07全国27)(正确而明智的做法本来应该本来应该是 什么但事实上没有这样做)(提出建议或征求意见提出建议或征求意见 “该该”)Turn off the TV,Jack.Shouldnt you be doing your homework now?Mum,just ten more minutes,please.(07辽宁30)What do you mean,there are

14、only ten tickets?There should be twelve.(09海南)(正确的数量或正确的方法正确的数量或正确的方法“应该是应该是”)According to the air traffic rules,you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding.(08年上海卷)(表示命令或指示、要求表示命令或指示、要求)Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifitshouldbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.(09天津天津)

15、(表示某事发生或出现的可能性表示某事发生或出现的可能性“应该应该”不大不大“万一万一”)第8页/共59页 I cant leave.She told me that I must stay here until she comes back.(09全国2)In crowded places like airports and railway stations,you must take care of your luggage.(07北京26)(表说话人主观上认为因为必要/重要或法律或命令而“必须”)When I was young,I was told that I mustnt play

16、with matches.(2008上海春招)(表按规则、规章不应该 “禁止”)(表示很有把握的主观推断“想必/准是/一定”)Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?She must be intheclassroom.Isawherthere justnow.(09重庆)It must have been Tom that parked the car here,as he is the only one with a car.(09上海)Its the office!So you must know eating is not allowed here.Oh,sorry.(09

17、湖南)Guess what!I have got A for my term paper.Great!You must have read widely and put a lot of work into it.(07上海29)She looks very happy.She must have passed the exam.(07江苏22)I guess so.Its not difficult after all.John,lookatthetime.Mustyouplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?(05年全国III19)(口语中提醒听话人,告知你对他的行为不满,

18、译为“偏要/偏偏”)May I smoke here?(06山东30)If you must,choose a seat in the smoking section.Could I have a word with you,mum?Oh dear,if you must.(06浙江19)(口语中告诉对方你不赞成其所进行的事但如对方坚持则允许)Who is the girl standing over there?Well,if you must know,her name is Mabel.(04天津31)(口语中表示说话人认为对方不应该问某事)must的主要用法的主要用法第9页/共59页

19、I cant leave.She told me that I must stay here until she comes back.(09全国2)In crowded places like airports and railway stations,you must take care of your luggage.(07北京26)(表说话人主观上认为因为必要/重要或法律或命令而“必须”)When I was young,I was told that I mustnt play with matches.(2008上海春招)(表按规则、规章不应该 “禁止”)(表示很有把握的主观推断“

20、想必/准是/一定”)Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?She must be intheclassroom.Isawherthere justnow.(09重庆)It must have been Tom that parked the car here,as he is the only one with a car.(09上海)Its the office!So you must know eating is not allowed here.Oh,sorry.(09湖南)Guess what!I have got A for my term paper.Great!Yo

21、u must have read widely and put a lot of work into it.(07上海29)She looks very happy.She must have passed the exam.(07江苏22)I guess so.Its not difficult after all.John,lookatthetime.Mustyouplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?(05年全国III19)(口语中提醒听话人,告知你对他的行为不满,译为“偏要/偏偏”)May I smoke here?(06山东30)If you must,choose

22、 a seat in the smoking section.Could I have a word with you,mum?Oh dear,if you must.(06浙江19)(口语中告诉对方你不赞成其所进行的事但如对方坚持则允许)Who is the girl standing over there?Well,if you must know,her name is Mabel.(04天津31)(口语中表示说话人认为对方不应该问某事)must的主要用法的主要用法第10页/共59页情态动词情态动词意义及用法用于句式和人称can/couldcan/could表示人或动物的内在能力。因有某

23、种知识或者技能而有能力做某事。有时可以和beableto互换。Hehurthisfootandcouldnt(wasntableto)playfootball.他脚受了伤，所以他不能踢足球了。用于肯定，否定和疑问句。表示能力的情态动词的用法 be able to 指在具体的困境中有能力做成某一事情。(=manageto)Becauseheworkedhard,hewas able to passhisexamination.因为他努力工作，所以他能及格。与感官动词和believe,decide,remember,understand以及“be+过去分词”连用时用can/could:Icantd

24、ecidewheretogoformyholidays.第11页/共59页情态动词意义及用法用于句式和人称用于句式和人称其它其它may/might 表示事实上具体的可能,某事可能要发生或某时可能正在发生。Itmayraintomorrow.明天可能下雨。might表示的是可能性比may小一些逻辑上或事实上的可能。Whatyousaidmightbetrue.你说的可能对。may强调事实上具体的可能。can强调理论上总的的可能。Helookspale.Hemaybeill.他脸色苍白，可能有病。Heisinpoorhealth.Hecanbeillatanytime.他体质很差，任何时候都有可能

25、生病。一般用于肯定和否定陈述句，用于否定时否定动词。Might语气弱，可用于疑问句。Hemaynotbeathome.他可能不在家。Thenewsmay,ormaynot,betrue.这个消息可能是，也可能不是真实的。might可用于含条件从句的句子中：Ifyoutooksomeexercise,youmightnotbesofat.要是你锻炼锻炼，可能不会这样胖。重 读“may”时表示可能。He may not go tomorrow.重读“not时表示 “允许”。He may not go tomorrow 表示“可能性”的情态动词的用法(表一)maycan表可能性时，may不用于问句，

26、而用could(nt),belikely或(正式)might：e.g.Coulditbethatyoudontwanttoleave?AreyoulikelytobevisitingGreeceagainthissummer?Mighttheybepersuadedtochangetheirminds?第12页/共59页表示“可能性”的情态动词的用法(表二)情态动词情态动词意义及用法用于句式和人称其它can/could can表示逻辑上或理论上总的可能性，而could是实际上具体而又不把握的可能性。Can it be true?这会是真的吗？Anybody can make mistake.任

27、何人都可能犯错误。(总的)The weather here could be very cold in winter.冬天这儿的天气有时很冷。(具体)肯定句表示说话人认为理论上总的有可能；否定句表示说话人很把握的否定；疑问句表示说话人对可能性的怀疑。He cant be at home.他不可能在家。An accident can happen if you do this.如果你这样做，可能会发生事故。注意：在肯定句中may 强调事实上的具体的可能；can 强调理论上的总的可能。He may not be at home.他可能不在家。表 示理论上总的有可能存在或发生；而不表示实际上具体有发

28、生的可能：It can be raining outside.(误)_may/might not相当于汉语中的相当于汉语中的“可能不会可能不会”；而；而cant/couldnt相当于相当于“不可能会不可能会”。第13页/共59页表示“可能性”的情态动词的用法(表三)must1)表示说话人对某事有把握的猜测，认为逻辑上是必然的。This must be the book you want.这肯定是你要的那本书。2)表示根据逻辑必然发生的事。All men must die.人都是要死的。一般用于肯定句。There must be a mistake.肯定有错误。可用于否定一般疑问句。Mustnt

29、 there be another reason for his behavior?他的行为肯定没有另外的原因吗？will/would1)表示说话人对将来和现在的预测，认为肯定会发生。I think he will be all right now.我想他现在一定好了。That would be his mother.那肯定是他母亲。2)有时表示某种倾向和习惯性。Hell talk for hours if you give the chance.如果给他机会，他会谈上几个小时。On the magnetic equator the needle would remain horizontal

30、.在磁赤道上磁针会保持水平。would 可表示过去常常。He would get up very early.过去他常常起的很早。表示可能性时说话人的把握程度表示可能性时说话人的把握程度现在时肯定形式现在时肯定形式现在时否定形式现在时否定形式_ _过去时肯定形式过去时肯定形式过去时过去时否定否定形式形式将来时肯定形式将来时肯定形式第14页/共59页(对可能性的对可能性的推断推断)_第15页/共59页表示“可能性”的情态动词的用法(表四)ought to表示说说话话人人较较有有把把握握的的猜猜测测“估计应该”，与should可互换。You should/ought to havereceived

31、thereportbynow.Ienjoyedherfirstnovel,sothenewoneshould/ought to begood.Theyought to betherebynow.他们现在一定到那了。一般用于肯定和否定句。should/shall表示说说话话人人较较有有把把握握的的猜猜测测“估计应该估计应该/将会将会”：That should be Janet comingupstairsnow.正在上楼的准是准是珍妮特。Ishallberichoneday.总有一天我会会发财的。多用于第一人称。第16页/共59页情态动词情态动词意义及用法用于句式和人称回答形式回答形式注意can

32、/could表示说说话话人人请请求求许许可可自自己己能能够够做做某事：某事：Can I go withyou?我能跟你一起去吗？用 could比 用 can更加表示说话人的迟疑不决,当说话时没有把握得到允许时,这样更婉转更婉转。CouldIaskyousomething?我可以问你一件事吗？Couldyougivemeahand?你可以帮我一下吗？用于肯定句和否定句和疑问句。一一般般用用于于第第一一,二二人人称称。cannot表“禁止”。Youcannotsmokeinthebus.公共汽车上不许吸烟。Can I carry yourbag?我来替你提包好吗？Could I give youd

33、inner one of thesedays?这几天我请你吃顿饭行吗？Cant you do ittomorrow?你不能明天做吗？肯定回答,一般是Yes,please.thanks。肯定回答,不能用couldCouldIuse yourphone?Yes,of courseyoucan.1)要注意,在请求“允许”的用法中,could并 不 表 示过去,它指的是将来。2)一 般 不用 来 表 示过 去 一 次性的允许。During themeetingIcouldaskquestions.(误)表示“许可、请求”的情态动词(表一)第17页/共59页表示“许可、请求”的情态动词(表二)may/m

34、ight指许许可可主主语语可可以以某某事事。同can相比，may和might比较正式,含有尊敬之意；而can较口语化。might表示比较迟疑、婉转。不很常用。Youmaysmoke.你可以吸烟。Visitorsmayascendthetower.参观者可以登塔。Youmightpostthisletterforme.是否请你给我寄一下封信。May I make asuggestion?我可以提个建议？MightIborrowyourbike?我可以借用你的自行车吗？可以用于肯定,疑问和否定句。否定表示不许可做某事。通常在官方公告中,否定情态动词：Studentsmaynot stay out

35、aftermidnight.学生午夜后不得在外逗留。用于问句和条件句表示请求。IfImaysayso,youarenotright.你是不对的,如果我可以这么说的话。MayIgonow?Yes,youmay.否 定 回 答一般用mustnt或cannot,也可以maynot。MayIcomein?我可以进去吗？No,youmustnt.不,你不许进。肯定回答是sure,certainly,ofcourse,不能用mightMightItrouble you foralight?You mayindeed.我可以向你借火吗？当然可以”注 意,在请求允许的用法中,might并不是过去时,它指的都是

36、将来时。第18页/共59页表示“许可、请求”的情态动词(表三)情态动词情态动词意义及用法用于句式和人称回答形式must表示“许可”时常常表示按按规规则则、规规章章等“不许”和“禁止”某人做某事。Carsmustnotbeparkedhere.此地不准停车。一般用于否定句。mustnot比may not语气强硬。Youmustnt playfootball in the street,children.孩子们,不准在马路上踢球。shall表示建议/征求对方意见让对方决定。ShallIopenthewindow?Shall we take umbrellawithus?我们带雨伞好吗？一般用于第一

37、、三人称疑问句。Shall I open thewindow?我可以开窗户吗？Shallhecometoseeyou?要不要他来看你？肯定回答,一般是ofcourse；certainly；yes,please。否定回答,一般是no,thanks。will/would表示请求(问对方是否愿意做某事)。would更委婉、客气。Will/Would you pass methesalt,please?Shutthedoor,willyou?一般用于第二人称疑问句。Will/Wouldyouspellyourname?请你拼一下你的名字好吗？肯定回答,一般是sure/certainly。第19页/共5

38、9页情态动词情态动词意义及用法句式和人称shall/should shall表示在条约、规章和法令等文件中的表示在条约、规章和法令等文件中的规定规定。Allpaymentsshallbemadeincash.Eachplayershallwearanumber.should表表示示主主语语应应该该做做某某种种正正确确而而明明智智的的事事，是说话人的劝告。强调主观。语气比是说话人的劝告。强调主观。语气比must轻。轻。Youshouldntjudgeamanalwaysbytheclothes.你不应该总是以貌取人。用于各人称陈述句。Thenewregulationshalltakeeffect

39、onOct.1st.新章程十月一实施。ought toshould和oughtto的含义大致相同表对做做某某种种正正确确而而明明智智的的事事的的建建议议或者责任、义务(与I连用时用should)。Youought togoandseeMarytomorrow.明天你应该去看玛丽。Youwereoutenjoyingyourselfwhenyouought to havebeenstudying.Thissoupistoosalty!Youshould/ought to senditback.(表建议)Youllcatchcoldifyougooutlikethat.Ithinkyoushoul

40、d/ought to takeahat.(表建议)Peopleshould/ought to bewarned(=passive)ofthedangerofswimmingoffthisbeach.(责任、义务)Ishould/ought to visitmyparentsmoreoften.(责任、义务)表示“应该”的情态动词的用法(表一)第20页/共59页情态动词情态动词意义及用法句式和人称回答形式must表示说话人主主观观上上认认为为因为必要/重要或法律或命令而“必须必须”。Youmustbethereontime.Wemustobeyorders.have(has)to表示因客客观观上

41、的需要而“不得不”。Itistimeforthemeeting.Ihave to gonow.Youdont have to hurry.一般用于肯定句：Youmustcomeearlynexttime.疑问句中表示询问听话人的主观意见。MustIcomeearlytomorrow?用 neednt或dont havetomay/mightmay表示法律规章制度等允许“可可以以”做某事，语气比shall轻。用的较少。Payment may be paid bycheck.might用来建议某人可可以以做某事。也可以用来提出批评。Itmightbeagoodideatoputthoseplant

42、sintheshade.You might ask before youborrowmycar.表示“应该”的情态动词的用法(表二)第21页/共59页情态动词情态动词意义及用法适用句式和人称will/would表示主主语语的“意愿”，will不重读，可用缩写式。Ill work as hard as Ican.Willyouaccepthisoffer?你愿愿意意接受他的报价吗？Would 比will语气更婉转。Would/Will you haveanothercupoftea?各种人称肯定句。二，三人称疑问句中询问主语是否愿意做某事，并可用于条件句中。Willyouhavesometea?

43、If he will he cancome.Would you excuseme?shall/should表示说说话话人人的强烈意图、允诺、命令、警告、决心等。You shall do what youaretoldto.Heshallgethismoney.You shall get paid intime.陈述句二、三人称。在疑问句中则表示征询听话人的愿意。Shallyoudosomeshoppingwithme?表示“意愿、意图”的情态动词的用法 第22页/共59页类 别用法举例能 力能 力1.能能力力人或物先天具备或后天习得的能力 I can climb this pole.The p

44、olice are doing all they can to find her.He is only four,but he can read.2.结结果果与感官动词连用表示某种感官结果看见、听见、摸到、闻 到、尝 到 等 (也是一种能力能力)Here they are I can see their car.Can you smell something burning?I cant understand why youre so upset.He cant remember where he put the tickets.容 许容 许3.允允许许给某人做某事的权力 You cant p

45、ark here-its a no parking zone.Can we go home now,please?No you cant.Any police officer can insist on seeing a drivers license.can/could(表一)can 第23页/共59页类别用法举例能力能力1.能力间接引语中表示过去具备的能力能力 By the time she was eight,she could read Greek and Latin.I knew I couldnt afford the rent.许可许可2.允许间接引语中表示过去给某人做某事的权力

46、或表示现在被允许的较较小小可可能能性性或更委婉 The teacher said we could all go home.If I couldnt plan to do anything I wanted to,Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.couldcan/could(表一)第24页/共59页可能性可能性(认认为在逻辑为在逻辑上或理论上或理论上有发生上有发生某事的可某事的可能或怀疑、能或怀疑、不相信某不相信某种可能种可能)1.可能性多用于非肯定句表不可能或对可可能能性性的怀疑(问句中)

47、，肯定句中表示理理论论/逻逻辑上总的辑上总的可能性可能性 There can be no doubt that he is guilty.Can he still be alive after all this time?Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?Id love to.But Im afraid I cant.I have too much work to do.2.请求许可问某人有没有得到或做某事的可可能能性性(用于口语)Can I have a cigarette,please?Can you help me

48、lift this box?3.不相信用于否定句表示不相信某事的真实性(也是一种可能性可能性)This cant be the right road.He cant have finished writing the paper now.He hadnt written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago.4.不应该用于非肯定句表示某人不应该做某事(不应该有这样的可能性可能性)You cant expect the world to change overnight.Jills left her husband,but can you b

49、lame her after the way he treated her?5.惊讶、怀疑(口语)非肯定句中表示对某种可可能能性性的惊讶、生气 You cant be serious!They cant have arrived already,surely!How can you be so stupid!6.可能会表示有时候有发生某事的可能性可能性 It can be quite cold here at night.Peter can be really annoying.7.吩咐口语中用来生气地吩咐某人做某事(是一种可能性可能性)And you can stop that quarre

50、lling,the pair of you.If you wont keep quiet,you can get out.8.推测对某种可能性可能性进行推测或怀疑；若是现在已经发生或过去发生的事则用can+不定式完成体 Michael cant be a policeman,for hes much too short.The T-shirt you have taken by mistake cant be hers.She seldom wears red.David cant have gone far his coats still here.can/could(表二)MyMP4pla