高等岩石力学.pptx

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1、高等岩石力学高等岩石力学7.1 变形特性(deformability)第1页/共25页第2页/共25页7.2 强度(strength)第3页/共25页代入M-C准则第4页/共25页第5页/共25页第6页/共25页第8章 岩体分级(rock mass classification)第7页/共25页8.1岩体分类(RMR)系统(rock mass rating(rock mass rating system)system)1.1.完整岩石的单轴抗压强度完整岩石的单轴抗压强度(the uniaxial compressive(the uniaxial compressive strength of

2、the intact rock);strength of the intact rock);2.2.岩石质量指标岩石质量指标(RQD);(RQD);3.3.非连续面间距非连续面间距(Discontinuity spacing);(Discontinuity spacing);4.4.非连续面情况非连续面情况(Condition of discontinuity surfaces);(Condition of discontinuity surfaces);5.5.地下水条件地下水条件(Groundwater conditions);(Groundwater conditions);6.6.与工

3、程结构相关的非连续面方向与工程结构相关的非连续面方向(Orientation of(Orientation of discontinuities relative to the engineered structure).discontinuities relative to the engineered structure).第8页/共25页第9页/共25页第10页/共25页8.2 Q系统(Q-system)1.1.岩石质量指标(RQD);2.2.非连续面组数(number of discontinuity sets);3.3.最不利非连续面粗糙度(roughness of the most

4、 unfavourable discontinuity);4.4.最弱非连续面蚀变或填充程度(degree of alteration or filling along the weakest discontinuity);5.5.裂隙水(water inflow);6.6.地应力情况(stress condition).第11页/共25页RQD=rock quality designation;RQD=rock quality designation;Jn=joint set number(related to the number of discontinuity Jn=joint set

5、 number(related to the number of discontinuity sets);sets);Jr=joint roughness number(related to the roughness of the Jr=joint roughness number(related to the roughness of the discontinuity surfaces);discontinuity surfaces);Ja=joint alteration number(related to the degree of Ja=joint alteration numbe

6、r(related to the degree of alteration or weathering of the discontinuity surfaces);alteration or weathering of the discontinuity surfaces);Jw=joint water reduction number(relates to pressures and Jw=joint water reduction number(relates to pressures and inflow rates of water within the discontinuitie

7、s),andinflow rates of water within the discontinuities),andSRF=stress reduction factor(related to the presence of SRF=stress reduction factor(related to the presence of shear zones,stress concentrations and squeezing and shear zones,stress concentrations and squeezing and swelling rocks)swelling roc

8、ks)第12页/共25页1.1.RQD/Jn与岩体几何结构相关；2.2.Jr/Ja与岩块间的剪切强度相关；3.3.Jw/SRF是一个“环境因子”(environmental factor),它综合水压力和流动速率、剪应力区的存在、岩体挤压和膨胀，以及原位应力状态等各方面的影响。第13页/共25页第14页/共25页第15页/共25页第16页/共25页8.3岩体分级系统的应用1.1.RMR系统的评分值范围是0100，Q系统评分值范围是0.0011000，根据分级评分值可对岩体进行描述。2.2.两种分级法都是从估计隧道开挖所需支护的土木工程中来的，用于别的工程要慎重。3.3.以下两图为例说明两种方法

9、定量评价岩体，估算隧道的“自稳时间”和支护需求。第17页/共25页第18页/共25页第19页/共25页第20页/共25页RomanaRomana（19851985）通过考虑以下因素对）通过考虑以下因素对RMRRMR值值进行调整，将分级系统推广应用到边坡工程。进行调整，将分级系统推广应用到边坡工程。1.1.F1F1与边坡和非连续面走向之间的平行度有关；与边坡和非连续面走向之间的平行度有关；2.2.F2F2与发生平面破坏的非连续面的倾角有关；与发生平面破坏的非连续面的倾角有关；3.3.F3F3与对比非连续面倾角和边坡倾角有关；与对比非连续面倾角和边坡倾角有关；4.4.F4F4与开挖方式有关。与开挖

10、方式有关。第21页/共25页第22页/共25页8.4分级系统与岩体特性的关联(links between the classification systems and rock properties)(links between the classification systems and rock properties)第23页/共25页Undisturbed rock:Disturbed rock:Where RMR is the unadjusted rating form the system.Where RMR is the unadjusted rating form the system.第24页/共25页感谢您的观看。感谢您的观看。第25页/共25页