物流英语学习.pptx

《物流英语学习.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《物流英语学习.pptx（50页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、chapter outline(1)Part I Material Handling SystemIntroduction of Material Handling SystemTypes of Material Handling SystemsMechanized Material Handling SystemsSemi-automated Material Handling SystemsAutomated Material Handling SystemsAutomated Storage/Retrieval Systems第1页/共50页chapter outline(2)Part

2、II Mechanized Material Handling EquipmentIntroductionLift trucksWalkie-rider Pallet TrucksTowlinesTowtractor with trailersConveyorsCarousels第2页/共50页chapter outline(3)Part III Supplementary Reading Safety in Material HandlingWhat should workers know before handling materialPotential hazards for worke

3、rsPrecautions should be taken when moving materials manuallyPrecautions should be taken when moving materials mechanicallySafety measures regarding conveyorsSafety Precautions for operating powered industrial trucks第3页/共50页Introduction of aterial Handling SystemsMaterialhandlingequipmentsandsystemso

4、ftenrepresentamajorcapitalinvestmentforanorganization.Likethedecisionsrelatedtothenumber,size,andlocationofwarehouses,materialhandlingcanaffectmanyaspectsofthefirmsoperation.TheMaterialHandlingInstitute,anindustrytradeassociationformanufacturersofmaterialhandlingequipmentsandsystems,hasestimatedthat

5、:Part I Material Handling Systems第4页/共50页Thehardwareandsoftwareusedtomove,store,control,contain,andunitizematerialsinfactoriesandwarehousesexceed$50billionannually.Muchofthegrowthinsizeandvarietyofthemarketisfueledbymajorchangesintherequirementsofwarehouseanddistributionoperations(e.g.,reducedorderc

6、ycletimes,reducedinventorylevels,reducedordersizes,SKUproliferation).第5页/共50页Types of Material Handling SystemsMaterialhandlingsystemcanbeclassifiedasmechanized,semi-automated,automated,andinformation-directed.Acombinationoflaborandhandlingequipmentisutilizedinmechanizedsystemstofacilitatereceiving,

7、processing,and/orshipping.Generally,laborconstitutesahighpercentageofoverallcostinmechanizedhandling.第6页/共50页Automatedsystems,incontrast,attempttominimizelaborasmuchaspossiblebysubstitutingequipmentcapitalinvestment.Whenacombinationofmechanicalandautomatedsystemsisusedtohandlematerial，thesystemisref

8、erredtoassemi-automated.Aninformation-directedsystemappliescomputerizationtosequencemechanizedhandlingequipmentanddirectworkeffort.Mechanizedhandlingsystemsaremostcommon,buttheuseofsemi-automatedandautomatedsystemsisincreasing.第7页/共50页Themaindrawbacktoautomatedhandlingislackofflexibility.Onefactorco

9、ntributingtolowlogisticalproductivityisthatinformation-directedhandlinghasnotyettoachieveitsfullpotential.Thissituationispredictedtobedramaticallychangedduringthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury.Mechanized Material Handling SystemsMechanizedmaterialhandlingequipmenthasbeenthemainstayofthetraditionalwareh

10、ousingandwilllikelycontinuetobeimportantevenwiththemovetowardautomatedwarehousing.Mechanizedmaterial 第8页/共50页handlingsystemsemployawiderangeofhandlingequipment.Suchequipmentcanbecategorizedaccordingtothefunctionsperformed,thatis,storageandorderpicking,transportationandsorting,andshipping.Semi-automa

11、ted Material Handling SystemsMechanizedhandlingisoftensupplementedbysemiautomaticequipment.Typicalequipmentsutilized第9页/共50页insemi-automatedhandlingsystemsincludesautomatedguidedvehiclesystems(AGVS),computerizedsortation,roboticsandvariousformsofliveracks.Automated Material Handling SystemsForsevera

12、ldecadestheconceptofautomatedhandlinghasofferedgreatpotential.Initialautomatedhandlingeffortsfocusedonmastercartonorderselectionsystems.Recently,emphasishasshiftedtoautomatedhigh-risestorageandretrievalsystems.第10页/共50页Theappealofautomationisthatitsubstitutescapitalequipmentforlabor.Inadditiontorequ

13、iringlessdirectlabor,anautomatedsystemoperatesfasterandmoreaccuratelythanitsmechanizedcounterpart.Table8-1showsthebenefitsofautomatedmaterialhandlingsystems.第11页/共50页第12页/共50页However,automatedsystemsarenotwithoutdisadvantages.Itsshortcomingsarethehighcapitalinvestment,maintenancecosts,inflexibilitya

14、ndusertraining.Automated Storage/Retrieval SystemsAnautomatedstorage/retrievalsystemforpalletsiscommonlyreferredtoasaunitloadAS/RS.第13页/共50页ItisdefinedbytheAS/RSproductsectionoftheMaterialHandlingInstituteasastoragesystemthatusesfixed-pathstorageandretrieval(S/R)machinesrunningononeormorerailsbetwee

15、nfixedarraysofstorageracks.AtypicalAS/RSoperationiscalledasinglecommand(SC)operation,involvingtheS/Rmachinespickingupaloadatthefrontofthesystem,transportingtheloadtoanemptylocation,deposingtheloadintheemptylocation,andreturningemptytotheinput/output(I/O)point.A第14页/共50页dualcommand(DC)operationinvolv

16、estheS/RmachinepickingupaloadattheI/Opoint,travelingloadedtoanemptylocation,depositingtheload,travelingemptytotheI/Opoint,anddepositingtheload.Thekeyideaisthatinadualcommand,thetwooperations,astorageandaretrieval,areaccomplishedbetweensuccessivevisitstotheI/Opoint.Information-directed material handl

17、ing System.第15页/共50页Theconceptofinformation-directedisappealingbecauseitcombinesthecontroltypicalofautomatedhandlingwiththeflexibilityofmechanizedsystems.Information-directedsystemsusemechanizedhandlingcontrolledbyinformationtechnology.Twocommonexamplesofinformation-directedmaterialhandlingsystemsar

18、eRF-controlledequipmentandlight-directedoperations.第16页/共50页New Words and Expressions第17页/共50页IntroductionTheprimarymissionofmaterialhandlingequipmentistofacilitatemerchandiseflowinanorderlyandefficientmannerfrommanufacturertopointofsale.Inthissectionthefocusofdiscussionisputonthemechanizedmaterialh

19、andlingequipment.Thefollowingequipmentiscommonplaceinmanualwarehousing.PART II Mechanized Material Handling Equipment第18页/共50页Lift Trucks Lifttrucks,alsocalledforklifts,canmoveloadsofmastercartonsbothhorizontallyandverticallybutarenotlimitedtounitloadhandling.Boxesmayalsobetransporteddependinguponth

20、enatureoftheproduct.Manytypesoflifttrucksareavailable.High-stackingtrucksarecapableofupto40feetofverticalmovement.Palletlessside-clampversionsareavailableforhandlingbulkyproductwithoutpallets.第19页/共50页Otherlifttruckvariationsareavailablefornarrowaisleandside-loadingoperations.Particularattentiontona

21、rrow-aislelifttruckshasincreasedinrecentyears,aswarehousesseektoincreaserackdensityandoverallstoragecapacity.Thelifttruckisnoteconomicalforlong-distancehorizontalmovementbecauseofthehighratiooflaborperunitoftransfer;itismosteffectivelyutilizedinshippingandreceivingandplacingmerchandiseinhighcubestor

22、age.第20页/共50页Walkie-rider pallet trucksWalkie-riderpallettrucksprovidealow-cost,effectivemethodofgeneralmaterialhandlingutility.Typicalapplicationsincludeloadingandunloadingoftransportationequipment,orderselectionandaccumulation,andshuttlingloadsoverlongertransportationdistancesthroughoutthewarehous

23、e.Walkie-riderpallettrucksarewidelyusedingrocerywarehouse.第21页/共50页TowlinesTowlinesconsistofeitherin-floororoverhead-mountedcableordragdevices.Theyareutilizedtoprovidecontinuouspowertofour-wheeltrailers.Themainadvantageofatowlineiscontinuousmovement.However,suchhandlingdeviceshavefarlessflexibilityt

24、hanlifttrucks.Themostcommonapplicationoftowlinesisfororderselection.Orderselectorsplacemerchandiseonfour-wheeltrailersthatarethentowedtotheshippingdock.Anumberofautomateddecouplingdevicesareavailabletoroutetrailersfromthemaintowlinetotheshippingdocks.第22页/共50页Tow Tractor with TrailersAtowtractorwith

25、trailerconsistsofadriver-guidedpowerunittowinganumberofindividualfour-wheeltrailersthatholdseveralunitizedloads.Thetypicalsizeofthetrailersis4*8feet.Thetowtractorwithtrailer,likethetowline,isusedtofacilitateorderselection.Themainadvantageofatowtractorwithtrailersisflexibility.Itisnotaseconomicalasth

26、etowlinebecauseitrequiresmorelabor.第23页/共50页ConveyorsConveyorsareusedwidelyinshippingandreceivingoperationsandformthebasichandlingdeviceforanumberoforderselectionsystems.Conveyorsareclassifiedaccordingtopower,gravity,androllerorbeltmovement.Inpowersystems,theconveyorispoweredbyadrivechainfromeithera

27、boveorbelow.Considerableconveyorflexibilityisofferedinsuchpowerconfigurationinstallations.Gravityandrolleror第24页/共50页beltsystemspermitthebasicinstallationtoberearrangedwithminimumdifficulty.Portablegravity-stylerollerconveyorsareoftenusedforloadingandunloadingand,insomecases,aretransportedonover-the

28、-roadtrailerstoassistinunloadingvehicles.Conveyorsareeffectiveinthatonlytheproductismoved,eliminatingtheneedforamovementunittoreturn.Carousels第25页/共50页Acarouseloperatesonadifferentconceptthanmostothermechanizedhandlingequipment.Ratherthanrequiringtheorderselectortogototheinventorystoragelocation,the

29、carouselmovesinventorytotheorderselector.Acarouselconsistsofaseriesofbinsmountedonanovaltrackorrack.Theremaybemultipletracklevels,allowingforveryhigh-densitycarouselstorage.Theentirecarouselrotates,movingtheselectionbintoastationaryoperator.Thetypicalcarouselapplicationistheselectionofpackagesinpack

30、,repack,andserviceparts.第26页/共50页Therationalebehindcarouselsystemsistoshrinkorderselectionlaborrequirementsbyreducingwalkinglengthandtime.Carousels,particularlymodernstackablesystems,alsosignificantlyreducestoragespacerequirements.Somecarouselsystemsalsoutilizecomputer-generatedpicklistsandcomputer-

31、directedcarouselrotationtofurtherincreaseselectionproductivity.Thesesystemsarereferredtoaspaperlesspickingbecausenopaperworkexiststoslowdownemployeeefforts.第27页/共50页Avariationofthecarouselsystemismovableracks.Suchracksmovehorizontallytoeliminatethepermanentaislebetweentheracks.Thissystem,oftenusedin

32、libraries,providesmorestoragedensitybutreducespickingefficiencysincetheracksmustbemovedtoaccessspecificproducts.Themechanizedmaterialhandlingequipmentdiscussedisrepresentativeofawiderangeofalternatives.Mostsystemscombinedifferenthandlingdevices.Forexample,lifttrucksmaybeusedforverticalmovementswhile

33、towtractorwithtrailersandwalkie-riderpallettrucksaretheprimarymethodsofhorizontaltransfer.第28页/共50页New Words and Expressions 第29页/共50页 第30页/共50页PART III Supplementary ReadingSafety in Material HandlingIntroductionIntroduction HandlingandstoringmaterialsinvolveoperationsHandlingandstoringmaterialsinv

34、olveoperationssuchasliftinguptonsofsteelwithacrane;drivingasuchasliftinguptonsofsteelwithacrane;drivingatruckloadedwithconcreteblocks;carryingbagsortruckloadedwithconcreteblocks;carryingbagsormaterialsmanually;andstackingpalletsorothermaterialsmanually;andstackingpalletsorothermaterialssuchasdrums,b

35、arrels,andlumber.materialssuchasdrums,barrels,andlumber.TheefficienthandlingandstoringofmaterialsareTheefficienthandlingandstoringofmaterialsare第31页/共50页veryimportanttoindustry.Unfortunately,theimproperhandlingandstoringofmaterialsoftenresultincostlyinjuries.Toreducethenumberofaccidentsassociatedwit

36、hworkplaceequipment,workersmustbetrainedintheproperuseoftheequipmenttheyoperate,includingsafelyandeffectivelyuseequipmentssuchaspoweredindustrialtrucks,conveyors,cranesandslings.第32页/共50页What Should Workers Know Before Handling Materials?Applyinggeneralsafetyprinciplessuchasproperworkpractices,equip

37、ment,andcontrolscanhelpreduceworkplaceaccidentsinvolvingthehandlingmaterials.Whethermovingmaterialsmanuallyormechanically,workersshouldknowandunderstandthepotentialhazardsassociatedwiththetaskathandandhowtocontroltheirworkplacestominimizethedanger.第33页/共50页Becausenumerousinjuriescanresultfromimprope

38、rlyhandlingandstoringmaterials,workersshouldalsobeawareofaccidentsthatmayresultfromtheunsafeorimproperhandlingofequipmentandfromimproperworkpractices.Inaddition,workersshouldbeabletorecognizethemethodsforeliminating,orminimizing,theoccurrenceofsuchaccidents.Workersshouldexaminetheirworkplacestodetec

39、tanyunsafeorunhealthfulconditions,practices,orequipmentandtakecorrectiveaction.第34页/共50页Potential Hazards for WorkersWorkersfrequentlymentiontheweightandbulkinessofobjectsthattheyliftasmajorfactorsoftheirinjuries.In1999,forexample,morethan420,000workplaceaccidentsresultedinbackinjuries.Bending,follo

40、wedbytwistingandturning,werethemorecommonlymentionedmovementsthatcausedbackinjuries.Otherhazardsincludefallingobjects,improperlystackedmaterials,andvarioustypesofequipment.第35页/共50页Precautions Should be Taken When Moving Materials ManuallyWhenmovingmaterialsmanually,workersshouldattachhandlesorholde

41、rstoloads.Inaddition,workersshouldalwayswearappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipmentanduseproperliftingtechniques.Topreventinjuryfromoversizeloads,workersshouldseekhelpinthefollowing:第36页/共50页lWhenaloadissobulkythatworkerscannotproperlygrasporliftit,lWhenworkerscannotseearoundoroveraload,orlWhenemploy

42、eescannotsafelyhandleaload.Precautions Should be Taken When Moving Materials Mechanically第37页/共50页Usingmechanicalequipmenttomoveandstorematerialsincreasesthepotentialofinjuries.Workersmustbeawareofsafeequipmentoperatingtechniques.Employeesshouldavoidoverloadingequipmentwhenmovingmaterialsmechanicall

43、ybylettingtheweight,size,andshapeofthematerialbeingmoveddictatethetypeofequipmentused.Allmaterialhandlingequipmenthasratedcapacitiesthatdeterminethemaximumweighttheequipmentcansafelyhandleand第38页/共50页andtheconditionsunderwhichitcanhandlethatweight.Workersmustensurethattheequipmentcapacityisdisplayed

44、oneachpieceofequipmentandisnotexceededexceptforloadtesting.Althoughworkersmaybeknowledgeableaboutpoweredequipment,theyshouldtakeprecautionswhenstackingandstoringmaterial.Whenpickingupitemswithapoweredindustrialtruck,workersmustdothefollowing:第39页/共50页lCentertheloadontheforksasclosetothemastaspossibl

45、e,lAvoidoverloadingalifttruck,lAdjusttheloadtothelowestpositionwhentraveling,lFollowthetruckmanufacturersoperationalrequirements,andlPileandcross-tierallstackedloadscorrectlywhenpossible.第40页/共50页Safety measures regarding conveyorsWhenusingconveyors,workersmaygettheirhandscaught,bestruckbymaterialfa

46、llingofftheconveyor,ormaygetcaughtintheconveyoranddrawnintotheconveyorpathasaresult.Topreventorreducetheseverityofaninjury,followingprecautionsmustbetakentoprotectworkers:第41页/共50页lInstallanemergencybuttonorpullcorddesignedtostoptheconveyorattheworkstation.lDesigntheemergencystopswitchsothatitmustbe

47、resetbeforetheconveyorcanberestarted.lProhibitworkersfromridingonamaterials-handlingconveyor.lProvideguardswhereconveyorspassoverworkareasoraislestokeepworkersfrombeingstruckbyfallingmaterial.第42页/共50页Safety measures regarding cranesEmployersmustpermitonlythoroughlytrainedandcompetentworkerstooperat

48、ecranes.Operatorsshouldknowwhattheyareliftingandwhatitweighs.Forexample,theratedcapacityofmobilecranesvarieswiththelengthoftheboomandtheboomradius.Whenacranehasatelescopingboom,aloadmaybesafetoliftatashortboomlengthorashortboomradius,butmayoverloadthecranewhentheboomisextendedandtheradiusincreases.T

49、oreducetheseverityofaninjury,thefollowingprecautionsmustbetaken:第43页/共50页lEquipallcranesthathaveadjustableboomswithboomangleindicators.lProvidecraneswithtelescopingboomswithsomemeanstodetermineboomlengthsunlesstheloadratingisindependentoftheboomlength.lRequireworkerstoalwayscheckthecranesloadchartto

50、ensurethatthecranewillnotbeoverloadedbyoperatingconditions.lInstructworkerstoplanliftsbeforestartingthemtoensurethattheyaresafe.第44页/共50页lTakeadditionalprecautionsandexerciseextracarewhenoperatingaroundpowerlines.lDirectworkerstoalwayskeephoistingchainsandropesfreeofkinksortwistsandneverwrappedaroun