时态和语态考点.pptx

《时态和语态考点.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《时态和语态考点.pptx（46页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在一般现在every,sometimes,at,onSunday现在进行现在进行now,现在完成现在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently一般过去一般过去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow过去进行过去进行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetote

2、nlasteveningwhen,while过去完成过去完成before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas一般将来一般将来next,tomorrow,in过去将来过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作的动作第1页/共46页（1）一般现在时1.客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句（不受时态限制）Knowledgebeginswithpractice.Shesaidthattheseawaterissalty.Insomepartsoftheworld,suchasinEngland,tea_withmi

3、lkandsugar.A.isservingB.servesC.isservedD.served-Thegirl_weightrecently.-Yes,she_toomuch.hasgained,iseatingB.gains,eatsC.isgaining,ateD.isgaining,eats第2页/共46页2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性反复出现的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用,如always,often,now and then等。Ice feels cold.We always care for each other and help

4、 each other.3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong、seem等。如：I know what you mean.Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.第3页/共46页4)少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、c

5、lose、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。往往是由自然,日历或时刻表规定而不变且周而复始循环进行的情况,句中常带有时间状语.The shop closes at 11:00 p.m.every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.The train leaves at three this afternoon.The plane takes off at 15:00.School begins on Friday.第4页/共46页5)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时,如when,before,unti

6、l,If,assoonas等。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.-Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey_.-OK.Illputtheminthecupboard.A.havebrokenB.arebreakingC.getbrokenD.willbebroken6)倒装句（由here，there开头的句子，动词用一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作）Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringin

7、g.第5页/共46页一般过去时:1)基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯。1.-Look!Someone has spilt（溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）-Well,it _ me.A.isnt B.wasnt C.hasnt been D.hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.-Oh,how good a dad!But she doesnt like sweet things._ that?A.Dont yo

8、u know B.Havent you known C.Didnt you know D.Hadnt you known3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there?-Yes,but she _soon afterwards.A.had left B.left C.would leave D.will leave第6页/共46页He told me he _an interesting novel last night.如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词用过去式。一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。

9、表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事 I met her in the street yesterday.He used to smoke a lot.I thought the film would be interesting,but it isnt.readyesterday,lastnight,twodaysago,in2008,beforeliberation,atthattime第7页/共46页3)追忆逝去的人或事,常用过去时.Lei Feng set a good example

10、 to the people throughout the world.Charlie Chaplin was a great actor and acted in many films.4)一般过去时有时也可表示现在的行为,但口气要比用一般现在时更加委婉,客气.这样的词有think,wonder,hope等.I wondered if you could do me a favour.第8页/共46页5)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute。Themoments

11、hecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.6)常用一般过去时的句型：Whydidntyou/Ithinkofthat?Ididntnoticeit.IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.Ididntrecognizehim.第9页/共46页3.一般将来时1)表示未来的动作或状态常用will/shall+动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or

12、water.3)表示将来时的四种形式will/shall+动词原形be going to do be about to do(正要干什么)be to do 第10页/共46页 be going to be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而willwill表表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性*be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine,well go fishing.(正确)If it is fine,we are going

13、 to go fishing.(错误)-The telephone is ringing.-The telephone is ringing.-I _ answer it.-I _ answer it.A.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about toA.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about to -Alice,why didn -Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?t you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.-I _

14、,but I had an unexpected visitor.A.had B.would C.was going to D.did A.had B.would C.was going to D.did be going to be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will will 不不能表示能表示 Look at the clouds!ItLook at the clouds!Its going to rain.s going to rain.第11页/共46页3.be to3.be to和和be going to be going to

15、 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。be to do be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时=be going to=be going tobe to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.be going to be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.I am to play football tomorro

16、w afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.第12页/共46页4 4be about to do be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”，表示即将发生的动作，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连不与表示将来的时间状语连用用。常与常与when when 连用，连用，when when 此时意思：此时意思：就在这时，是并列就在这时，是并列连词连词 构成句型：构成句型：be about to do be abo

17、ut to do whenwhen.I I was about to was about to leave leave when when it rained.it rained.第13页/共46页特别注意特别注意（1 1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。机等时刻表中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow.(The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有尽管有tomorrow,tomorrow,但没但没有有will,be going to)will,be going to)（2 2）某些瞬间动

18、词某些瞬间动词“go,come,arrive,leave,start,go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,take begin,fly,take”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。动作。I Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.I ve won a holiday for two to Florida.I _my mum._my mum.A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will h

19、ave been have been 第14页/共46页表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,仅限于少量动词：return,stay,do,have,see sb off Are you staying here till next week?工作进行的怎么样？工作进行的相当顺利。你进步很快。我们想在这里建一座水坝。风挺大有人找你接电话。How are you getting on with your work?The work is going fairly smoothly.Youre making rapid progress.Were thinking of building a dam

20、 here.Its blowing hard.Someone is asking for you on the phone.第15页/共46页现在进行时现在进行时:1 1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作表示现阶段一直在进行的动作,但说话时不一定正但说话时不一定正在进在进表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时I donI dont really work here.It really work here.Im helping until the m helping until the

21、 new secretary comes.new secretary comes.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly.easy task because technology_ so rapidly.A.will have changed B.has changed A.will have changed B.has changed C.is changing

22、 D.will change C.is changing D.will change-Ann works very hard.-In fact.I think she -Ann works very hard.-In fact.I think she _ just(_ just(只是只是)now.)now.A.A.studied B.is studying C.studies D.will study studied B.is studying C.studies D.will study 第16页/共46页My money _.I must go to the bank My money _

23、.I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of to draw some of my savings out of before Ibefore Ive none in hand.ve none in hand.A.has run out B.is running out A.has run out B.is running out C.has been run outD.is being run out C.has been run outD.is being run out I can guess you were in a

24、 hurry.You I can guess you were in a hurry.You _ your sweater inside out._ your sweater inside out.A.had worn B.wore A.had worn B.wore C.are wearing D.were wearing C.are wearing D.were wearing第17页/共46页1.You _things about.Look,what a mess in you room!1.You _things about.Look,what a mess in you room!A

25、.always throw B.have always thrown A.always throw B.have always thrown C.are always throwing D.have always been thrownC.are always throwing D.have always been thrown2.You _ television.Why not do2.You _ television.Why not dosomething more active?something more active?A.always watch B.are always watch

26、ing A.always watch B.are always watching C.have always watched D.have always been watching C.have always watched D.have always been watching现在进行时与现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,never always,continually,constantly,never 等连用，表示等连用，表示不满厌恶或赞扬的感情色不满厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩彩。第18页/共46页 过去进行时过去进行时1 1表示表示 过去某一时间正进行的动

27、作过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。语（从句），或由上下文表示。1.-Hey,look where you are going?1.-Hey,look where you are going?-Oh,I -Oh,Im terribly sorry._.m terribly sorry._.A.I A.Im not noticing B.I donm not noticing B.I dont noticingt noticing C.I haven C.I havent noticing D.I wasnt noticing D.I wasnt

28、noticingt noticing 2.-Hey,what did I say?2.-Hey,what did I say?-I _.-I _.A.I A.Im not listening B.I was not listening m not listening B.I was not listening C.I don C.I dont listened D.I didnt listened D.I didnt listent listeneg.This time yesterday,they eg.This time yesterday,they were havingwere hav

29、ing lunch lunch第19页/共46页2 2 表示表示 过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。以完，也可以不一定完成。-Why didn-Why didnt you join us last night?t you join us last night?-I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq -I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States.and the States.A.watched

30、 B.was watching C.had watched D.have A.watched B.was watching C.had watched D.have been watchingbeen watching-Why weren-Why werent you at the meeting?t you at the meeting?-I _ for a long -I _ for a long distance call from my father in distance call from my father in Australia.Australia.A.waited B.wa

31、s waiting C.had waited D.have been A.waited B.was waiting C.had waited D.have been Good heavens!There you are!We _ anxious about Good heavens!There you are!We _ anxious about you.We _ you back much earlier all through the you.We _ you back much earlier all through the night.night.A.are,expect B.were

32、,had expected A.are,expect B.were,had expected C.will be,are expecting D.have been,were expectingC.will be,are expecting D.have been,were expecting-You look tired.-You look tired.-Yes.I _ until twelve o -Yes.I _ until twelve oclock.clock.A.am working B.was working C.has worked D.had workedA.am worki

33、ng B.was working C.has worked D.had worked第20页/共46页3 3 在简单句中有在简单句中有at that time,then,this at that time,then,this time yesterday/last week,at 10 time yesterday/last week,at 10 o oclock last nightclock last night 等具体的时间状语用等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。过去进行时态。I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ I first met Lisa t

34、hree years ago.She _ at a radio shop at the time.at a radio shop at the time.A.A.has worked B.was working has worked B.was working C.had been working D.had workedC.had been working D.had worked特别注意：特别注意：与与alwaysalways连用，表示感情色彩。连用，表示感情色彩。My brother was always losing his key.My brother was always losi

35、ng his key.第21页/共46页1.Look!Howwonderfulmycaris!Oh,Jack.Whatareyouthinkingabout?Dontyoulikeit?ImsorryI_anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkitssmart.A.wasntmakingB.dontmakeC.wontmakeD.didntmake2.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity_sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischangingB.ha

36、schangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange3.He_quitewell,buthehasnthadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswimB.haveswumC.swamD.swims4.Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup,buthe_bynow.A.hasntturnedupB.doesntturnupC.wontturnupD.hadntturnedup第22页/共46页5.Imterriblysorryforbeinglate,butI_thewrongbus.A.catchB.hadcau

37、ghtC.caughtD.catching7.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim.A.wastowalkB.hadbeenwalkingC.walkedD.waswalking8.IreallydontthinkRosewillbeupset,butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe_.A.isB.doesC.willbeD.hasbeen9.Thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest,butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedth

38、eroleinthemarketsthatthey_.A.wereplayingB.weretoplayC.hadplayedD.played第23页/共46页10.Kateisinhospital.Oh,really?I_._visither.A.didntknow;IllgoandB.dontknow;IllgoandC.dontknow;ImgoingtoD.didntknow;Imgoingto11.Where_theguidebook?Icantseeitanywhere.I_itrighthere,butnowitsgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.hadyoup

39、ut;haveputC.haveyouput;putD.wereyouputting;put14.Doyouliveinthiscity?No,we_itforholidays.A.justvisitB.justvisitedC.arejustvisitingD.havevisited15.Howistheoldmannow?Sorry,he_thoughtheydidalltheycouldtosavehim.A.wasdeadB.haddiedC.hasbeendeadD.died第24页/共46页16.Thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasu

40、res_.A.willbetakenB.aretakenC.weretakenD.hadbeentaken17.Imafraiditwillbetwomonths_.A.whenIcomebackB.whenIllcomebackC.beforeIcomebackD.beforeIllcomeback18.Theworkers_busilywhenthebosscametolookforsomethinghe_intheoffice.A.hadworked,hadleftB.wereworking;hadleftC.working;hadleftD.hadworked;left19.Theno

41、tice_“Nosmoking”.A.istoldB.readsC.tellsD.isread第25页/共46页（4）现在完成时现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks)、inrecentyears等。下列句型中常用现在完成时Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since从句This(That/It)isthefirst(second)timethat+完成时This(That/It)istheonly+that+完成时This(that/It)isthe

42、best/finest/mostinteresting+that从句+完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：IshallposttheletterassoonasIhavewrittenit.Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment,youwillrealizethetheorybetter.Dontgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.第26页/共46页（5）过去完成时常用过去完成时的几种情况：1.在by、bytheend、bythetime、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：B

43、ytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.2)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped/planned+tohavedone。Ihadhopedtoseeheragain.我本希望再见她一面.(但没能如愿)3）“时间名词+before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，谓

44、语动词用一般过去式。如：Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.第27页/共46页4）表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly/Nosooner/Scarcelyhad+主语+过去分词+when/than/before+一般过去时。如：Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。Afterhe

45、(had)lefttheroom,thebosscamein.Wearrivedhomebeforeitsnowed.第28页/共46页1.Theoldman_twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital.A.diedB.woulddieC.haddiedD.hasdied2.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon_tohisoldways.A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned3.I_myson_adoctor,buthewasntgoodenoughatscience

46、.A.hoped;wouldbecomeB.hadhoped;wouldbecomeC.hadhoped;willbecomeD.hope;willbecome4.I_totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasntabletogetaway.A.hopeB.havehopedC.hadhopedD.hoped5.Helen_herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome第29页/共46页（

47、6）过去将来时参照一般将来时对比：woulddo、was/weregoingtodosth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was/weretodosth.和was/wereabouttodosth.表过去将来。7）过去进行时过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。第30页/共46页9.9.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时构成：构成：have/has been doinghave/has been doing表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。表示过

48、去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。-Isn-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?t it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes,that -Yes,that why I _ to work by train.why I _ to work by train.A.have been going B.have gone A.have been going B.have gone C.was going D.will have gone C.was going D.will have gone 第31页/共46

49、页9.9.将来完成时将来完成时：will/shall+have done will/shall+have done 表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将来时间的状语连用，表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将来时间的状语连用，如：如：by the end of+by the end of+将来时间的短语将来时间的短语,by the time+by the time+从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时成时 We will have finished the work by the time

50、 he comes back.We will have finished the work by the time he comes back.10.10.一般将来进行时一般将来进行时；will be doing/shall be doing will be doing/shall be doing 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 What will you be doing this time tomorrow?What will you be doing this time tomorrow?第32页/共46页1.By the end of this mont