现在完成时讲解经典.pptx

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1、现在完成时现在完成时 主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系havebeen与与havegone比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较第1页/共41页 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成主菜单上一页下一页have(hashave(has）+过去分词过去分词第2页/共41页present(now)futurepast 现在完成时(present perfect tense)do my homework 第3页/共4

2、1页现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法上一页下一页-Its so dark.-Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)-Areyoufree?-I have finished my homework.I am free-I have finished my homework.I am free(我已我已经经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)主菜单1.1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表

3、示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。第4页/共41页现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法2.2.表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，谓语动词多用延续性动词。（这一用法与现在完成进行时相同：have/has+been+v.ing。）Theyhavelivedherefor30years.他们已经在这儿住了30年。(30年以前开始住在这儿，现在还住在这儿。)IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIwasfiveyearsold.我从五岁时就学英语。（五岁时开始学英语，到现在还在学。）第5页/共41页现在完成时的运用:1）alrea

4、dy 和yet already用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，在句中时，位于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般在句末。I have already finished my homework.I havent finished my homework yet.第6页/共41页2）ever和never ever用于肯定句和疑问句中，在句中位于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。never用于句中，助动词或系动词后，实义动词前，表示否定意义。He has ever been to Paris.He has never been to Paris.第7页/共41页3）just表示“刚刚

5、”（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）He has just come back.他刚刚回来。They have just finished the work.他们刚刚完成那项工作。第8页/共41页4）for和sincefor后面跟一段时间，since后面跟的是时间点，这个时间点可能是单词、短语或一般过去时的句子。带有for或since短语的句子，谓语动词要用延续性动词。Hehasbeenhereforthreedays.Hehasbeenheresinceyesterday.Hehasbeenheresincetw

6、odaysago/lastMonday.Hehasbeenheresincehiswifedied.第9页/共41页3.3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的未有过的经历经历.上一页下一页I haveI have ever ever beenbeen to the Summer Palace?to the Summer Palace?(我曾去过颐和园)I I havehave never never had had a car.a car.(我从未有过汽车。)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单第10页/共41页现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语时间状语常与常

7、与already,already,never,never,ever,ever,just,just,yet,yet,before,before,up to now,up to now,so far,so far,for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days,these days,since since for a long timefor a long time 连用连用上一页下一页主菜单第11页/共41页上一页下一页I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English

8、 for more than ten years.ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始,持续到持续到现在的动作或状现在的动作或状态态.常与常与since+since+过去的时间点，过去的时间点，for+for+一段时一段时间，间，so far so far 等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。第12页/共41页1.for+Eg.Ihavebeenher

9、efor5weeks.HesstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段时间第13页/共41页2.since+从句(一般过去时)单词词组(表示过去某一时间的)时间点Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.第14页/共41页注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2

10、hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?第15页/共41页4.过去分词的构成：规则动词过去分词的构成和过去式一样，不规则动词的过去分词见课本（八下或九年级课本最后一页）。记忆不规则动词的过去式和过去分词，可以分为以下几类来记：第16页/共41页A A A 型原形、过去式和过去分词同形：hithithitcostcostcostletletletputputputreadreadread第17页/共41页A B B 型过去式和过去分词同形：buyboughtboughtfeelfeltfeltfindfoundfoundhavehadhad第18页/共41页A B C 型原

11、形、过去式和过去分词各异 dodiddoneflyflewflownwritewrotewrittengowentgone第19页/共41页A B A 型 原形与过去分词同形 comecamecomebecomebecamebecomeAAB型型 原形与过去式同形beatbeatbeaten第20页/共41页延续性动词和非延续性动词（终止性动词）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作如：learn,work,keep,have,wait,stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:d

12、ie,begin,finish,come,go,open,leave,join,marry/getmarried等。第21页/共41页leave-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become-beaway(from)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/anbeonbedeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarriedbe第22

13、页/共41页短暂性短暂性动词与时间段的关动词与时间段的关系系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：，这些动词是：become,become,become,become,begin,begin,begin,begin,buy,buy,buy,buy,borrow,borrow,borrow,borrow,come(go,arrive),come(go,arrive),come(go,arrive),come(go,arrive),die,die,die,die,finish,finish,finish,finish,join,jo

14、in,join,join,leave leave leave leave,等。等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的我们常用相应的延延续性动词续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。来代替短暂性动词。主菜单第23页/共41页 become become bebe,begin,begin havehave,borrow borrow keepkeep,buy ,buy havehave,come(go,arrive,get)come(go,arrive,get)be be here/there/inhere/there/in，die die bebe deaddead,finish

15、,finish be overbe over,join join be in be in（be a member of be a member of ）leaveleave be away(from),be away(from),下一页上一页主菜单第24页/共41页 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。以与时间段连用。如：如：I havenI havent bought the bike for t bought the bike for a year.a year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnShe hasnt come

16、 here for an t come here for an hour.hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单第25页/共41页 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习：1.1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。2.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years.this watch for five years.I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five years/five yea

17、rs/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago.The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years.for ten years.The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单第26页/共41页 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。4.4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.5.我

18、离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。He He has come backhas come back for 3 days.for 3 days.He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago.He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.I I have lefth

19、ave left hometown for 10 years.hometown for 10 years.I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years.years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单第27页/共41页have been 与与have gone 的用法比较的用法比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示，表示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在，但现在人不在那儿。那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已经去了已经

20、去了某地，现在人可能在去的途某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。中或已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时间了呆在某处一段时间了”上一页下一页主菜单第28页/共41页用havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin的适当形式填空1.-WhereisTom?Hehasgonetothelibrary.2.HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentoParis?3.Ihaventseenyouforalongtime.Wherehaveyoubeen?IhavebeentoGuangzhou.4.Howlonghaveyoubeeninthi

21、sschool?Ihavebeeninthisschoolforthreeyears.5.Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmysincehelefthighschool.第29页/共41页 与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较一一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）一直延续到现在等）;而一般

22、过去时，则只而一般过去时，则只讲述讲述发生在过发生在过去的动作和事情去的动作和事情与现在没有关系与现在没有关系。上一页下一页主菜单第30页/共41页eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买

23、过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。主菜单第31页/共41页二当有一个表示二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时一般过去时:上一页下一页eg:Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.但但since(since(自自以以来来)+)+某某一一过过去去时时间间或或叙叙述述过过去去事事情情的的从从句句总总是是与与现现在在完完成成时时连用。连用。eg：Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinE

24、ngland.主菜单第32页/共41页三常与一般过去时连用的典型三常与一般过去时连用的典型的的 表示过去时间的状语表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天),the day before yesterday(),the day before yesterday(前天前天),),just now(just now(刚才刚才)，时间时间+ago,+ago,last+last+时间时间 等等;eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.Wefinishedourtasklastweek.主菜单第33页/共41页动动 词词 填填 空：空：1.

25、_ you _(clean)the room?1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that Yes,we _(do)that alreadyalready.When _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it We _(do)it an hour agoan hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film 2._ he _(see)this film yetyet?Yes.?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it He _ it last

26、 weeklast week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?3.How many times _you_(be)there?Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页主菜单第34页/共41页4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(devel

27、op)their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一页上一页主菜单第35页/共41页选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film h

28、as been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页上一页主菜单第36页/共41页用Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the Mike and his parents _ the no

29、rth for half a year.north for half a year.2.2.Mum is not at home now.she _ Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.the shop.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming?_ you ever _ to kunming?Never.Never.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here fo

30、r several days.Yes,he _ here for several days.6.6.Where is Peter?I dont know where he Where is Peter?I dont know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei Lei is looking for you.is looking for you.havebeeninhasgonetohavebeenHavebeenhasbeenhasgonehavebeen下一页上一页主菜单第37页/共41页改

31、改 错错1.How long have you begun to study English?2.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3.The river has become very dirty since last August.4.Our manager is away today.He has been to Guangzhou on business.5.He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单第38页/共41页1.Thehouseisdirty.We_

32、itforweeks.AdidntcleanBhadntcleanedCdontcleanDhaventcleaned2.-_thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather.AIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItold3.-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe4.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB

33、havemetCmetDmeet5.-WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?-I_togo,butIdontknowifIcango.AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning第39页/共41页6.-Whenwilltheyleave?-They_verysoon.AdoleaveBareleavingChaveleftDleave7-Washestudyingforanexam?-Yes,hes_itlastweek.AdoingBtotakeCmakingDtogive8.Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearth_round.AisBwouldCwasDwere9.She_suchaninterestingbookbefore.AwasneverreadingBwillneverreadChadneverreadDhasneverread10.Howlongdoyouthinkthemeeting_AislastingBislastedCwilllastDlasts第40页/共41页感谢您的观看！第41页/共41页