电磁场数值计算基本原理概要.pptx
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1、2023年3月19日1电磁场电动力学电磁理论电磁学第1页/共50页2023年3月19日2Charles-Augustin de Coulomb(1736-1806)库仑第2页/共50页2023年3月19日3Charles-Augustin de Coulomb(1736-1806),a military civil engineer,retired from the French army because of ill health after years in the West Indies.Forced from Paris by the disturbances of the revol
2、ution,he began working at his family estate and discovered that the torsion characteristics of long fibers made them ideal for the sensitive measurement of magnetic and electric forces.He was familiar with Newtons inverse-square law and in the period 1785-1791 he succeeded in showing that electrosta
3、tic forces obey the same rule.第3页/共50页2023年3月19日4Andr-Marie Ampre(1775-1836)安培第4页/共50页2023年3月19日5Andr-Marie Ampre(1775-1836)was a child prodigy whose early life was marred by tragedy:Ampres father was beheaded in his presence during the Revolution and,later,his wife died four years after their marri
4、age.As a scientist,Ampre had flashes of inspiration which he would pursue to their conclusion.When he learned of rsteds discovery in 1820 that a magnetic needle is deflected by a varying nearby current,he prepared within a week the first of several papers on the theory of this phenomenon,formulating
5、 the law of electromagnetism(Ampres law)that describes mathematically the magnetic force between two circuits.第5页/共50页2023年3月19日6Michael Faraday(1791-1867)法拉第第6页/共50页2023年3月19日7Michael Faraday(1791-1867)was born in a village near London.His father was a migrant blacksmith often ill and incapable of
6、providing for his four children.Faradays great opportunity came when he was offered a ticket to attend chemical lectures by Sir Humphrey Davy in London.Faraday went and sent a bound copy of his notes to Davy asking for employment.Faraday began as Davys laboratory assistant.It has been said that Fara
7、day was Davys greatest discovery.Faraday became the greatest experimentalist in electricity and magnetism of the 19th century.He produced an apparatus that was the first electric motor and in 1831 he succeeded in showing that a magnet could induce electricity.Queen Victoria rewarded his lifetime of
8、achievement by granting him the use of a house at Hampton Court and a knighthood.Faraday accepted the cottage but rejected the knighthood.第7页/共50页2023年3月19日8James Clerk Maxwell(1831-1879)麦克斯韦第8页/共50页2023年3月19日9James Clerk Maxwell(1831-1879)came from a middle class Edinburgh family.He is ranked with
9、Newton and Einstein for the fundamental nature of his many contributions to physics.Most importantly,he originated the concept of electromagnetic radiation and his field equations(1873)led to Einsteins special theory of relativity,It is ironic that when in 1860 the University of Aberdeen was formed
10、by a merger between Kings College and Marischal College where he held a post,Maxwell was redundant.He applied at the University of Edinburgh,but was turned down in favor of another.He found it necessary to move to Londons Kings College.In 1871,Maxwell was appointed the first Cavendish professor of e
11、xperimental physics at Cambridge.Maxwell died at forty-nine after a short illness.He was buried in Scotland in the family plot;there were no public honors at his passing.第9页/共50页2023年3月19日10Heinrich Rudolf Hertz(1847-1894)赫兹第10页/共50页2023年3月19日11Heinrich Rudolf Hertz(1847-1894)was the first to broadc
12、ast and receive radio waves.Maxwells theory had been based on unusual mechanical ideas about the ether and had not been universally accepted.In 1884,Hertz rederived Maxwells equations by a new method,casting them in modern form.Then,between 1885 and 1889,as a professor of physics at Karlsruhe Polyte
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- 电磁场 数值 计算 基本原理 概要
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