MBA市场营销章学习.pptx
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1、4-1What dont we mean by positioning?Which stores or channels youll sell the product inWhere on the shelf you hope to have it placedThe market segment you will targetThese decisions are related to or grow out of the positioning decision,but they are not positioning,as marketers use the term.第1页/共70页第
2、一页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-2PositioningAct of designing the companysoffering and image to occupya distinctive place in the mind ofthe target market.The end result of positioning is the successful creation of a customer-focused Value Proposition,a cogent reason why the target market should buy the product第2页
3、/共70页第二页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-3Marketing StrategySegmentationTargetingPositioning第3页/共70页第三页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-4PositioningAct of designing the companysoffering and image to occupya distinctive place in the mind ofthe target market.第4页/共70页第四页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-5Generic Competitive StrategiesLower CostDiffer
4、entiationBroad TargetCost Leadership StrategyDifferentiation StrategyNarrow TargetFocus StrategyFocus Strategy(Differentiation Based)Competitive AdvantageCompetitiveScopeSource:Adapted from Michael Porter,Competitive Advantage,New York:The Free Press,1985,p.12.第5页/共70页第五页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-6Examples o
5、f Value PropositionsDemand States and Marketing TasksCompany Company and Productand ProductTarget Target CustomersCustomersBenefitsBenefitsPricePriceValue PropositionValue PropositionPerdue(chicken)Quality-conscious consumers of chickenTenderness10%premiumMore tender golden chicken at a moderate pre
6、mium priceVolvo(station wagon)Safety-conscious“upscale”familiesDurability and safety20%premiumThe safest,most durable wagon in which your family can rideDominos(pizza)Convenience-minded pizza loversDelivery speed and good quality15%premiumA good hot pizza,delivered to your door within 30 minutes of
7、ordering,at a moderate price第6页/共70页第六页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-7PODs and POPs第7页/共70页第七页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-8“义利义利”巧克力的产品定位巧克力的产品定位 口感细腻口感细腻口感粗糙口感粗糙价格低价格低价格高价格高614352瑞士莲瑞士莲吉百利吉百利德芙德芙66第8页/共70页第八页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-9Perceptual Map第9页/共70页第九页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-10Theme parks positioning possibilitiesAttribute positi
8、oningBenefit positioningUse or application positioningUser positioningCompetitor positioningProduct category positioningQuality or price positioning第10页/共70页第十页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-11Which Positioning to Promote?Method for Competitive-Advantage Selection(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)Competitive AdvantageCompany Standi
9、ngCompetitor StandingImportance of Improving Standing(H-M-L)*Affordability and Speed(H-M-L)Technology88LLCost68HMQuality86LLService43HHH=high,M=medium,L=low第11页/共70页第十一页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-12Communicating the Companys PositioningPositioning statement is(Our product/Brand)(single most important concept)
10、to (target group and need)that(point-of-difference)第12页/共70页第十二页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-13More Detailed PositioningTo young,active soft-drink consumers who have little time for sleep,Mountain Dew is the soft drink that gives you more energy than any other brand because it has the highest level of caffeine.
11、With Mountain Dew,you can stay alert and keep going even when you havent been able to get a good nights sleep.第13页/共70页第十三页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-14Defining AssociationsPoints-of-difference(PODs)Attributes or benefits consumers strongly associate with a brand,positively evaluate,and believe they could not
12、 find to the same extent with a competitive brandPoints-of-parity(POPs)Associations that are not necessarily unique to the brand but may be shared with other brands第14页/共70页第十四页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-15Conveying Category MembershipAnnouncing category benefitsComparing to exemplarsRelying on the product de
13、scriptor第15页/共70页第十五页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-16第16页/共70页第十六页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-17PODs and POPs第17页/共70页第十七页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-18PODs and POPs第18页/共70页第十八页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-19Consumer Desirability Criteria for PODsRelevanceDistinctivenessBelievability第19页/共70页第十九页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-20Deliverability Criteria for PO
14、DsFeasibilityCommunicabilitySustainability第20页/共70页第二十页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-21Examples of Negatively Correlated Attributes and BenefitsLow-price vs.High qualityTaste vs.Low caloriesNutritious vs.Good tastingEfficacious vs.MildPowerful vs.SafeStrong vs.RefinedUbiquitous vs.ExclusiveVaried vs.Simple第21页/共
15、70页第二十一页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-22Differentiation StrategiesProductChannelImagePersonnel第22页/共70页第二十二页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-23Differentiation VariablesProductServicesPersonnelChannelImageFormOrdering easeCompetenceCoverageSymbolsFeaturesDeliveryCourtesyExpertiseMediaPerformanceInstallationCredibilityPerformance
16、AtmosphereConformanceCustomer trainingReliabilityEventsDurabilityCustomer consultingResponsiveness第23页/共70页第二十三页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-2413 Brand Positioning by Paul TemporalFeatures&attributesBenefits Problem solvingProduct applicationCorporate endorsementCompetition Target clientAspiration Causes Value
17、Personality Claiming number one-Paul Temporal,Advanced Brand Management,2004第24页/共70页第二十四页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-25Positioning Statement for VolvoFor upscale families,Volvo is the family automobile that offers maximum safetyGeneric format for positioning statements:For(target market),(brand)is the(product
18、 category)that(benefit offered).第25页/共70页第二十五页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-26Value Proposition for Volvo Target market:Upscale familiesBenefits offered:SafetyRelative price:20%premium to domestic family carsGeneric format for value propositions:Target marketBenefits offered(and sometimes not offered)Relative pr
19、ice第26页/共70页第二十六页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。CriteriaFor DeterminingWhich DifferencesTo PromoteAffordableSuperiorProfitablePreemptiveDistinctiveImportantCommunicable第27页/共70页第二十七页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。4-28Some Key Questions Concerning Positioning DecisionsFor whom are they written?In what sort of language?Should they f
20、ocus on features or benefits?How many differentiating attributes should anchor them?第28页/共70页第二十八页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。5-29Competition in the Jeans Market第29页/共70页第二十九页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。5-30Steps in Competition AnalysisIdentifying the companys competitorsAnalyzing competitors objectives,strategies,strengths
21、and weaknesses,and reaction patternsDesigning competitive strategiesDesigning competitive intelligence system第30页/共70页第三十页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。5-31 Different Levels of Competitors Companys CompetitorsBrandcompetitorsBroadly-definedcompetitorsProduct-class competitorsService/industry competitors第31页/共70页第三
22、十一页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。5-32 Avoid“Competitor Myopia”Kodak,in its film business,has been worrying about the growing competition from Fuji.But actually,Kodak faces a much greater threat from the recent advances in“filmless camera”technology.These cameras,already sold by Cannon,Sony and some Korean brands,a
23、re called“digital camera”.A company is more likely to be“buried”by its latent competitors than its current ones.第32页/共70页第三十二页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。5-33Five competitive forcesProf.Michael PorterProf.Michael Porter第33页/共70页第三十三页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。5-36A Competitors Expansion Plans第36页/共70页第三十六页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。5-3
24、7Competitor Map第37页/共70页第三十七页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。5-39Hypothetical Market Structure10%MarketNichers20%MarketFollower30%MarketChallenger40%MarketLeader第39页/共70页第三十九页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。5-40Competitive Marketing Strategies Firms Competing in a Given Target Market Differ in their Objectives and Resources so May C
25、hoose the Following Forms:第40页/共70页第四十页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。Case AnalysisBaidus Challenge for GoogleC2 group第41页/共70页第四十一页,编辑于星期六:七点 十三分。5-42Firm With the Largest Market ShareExpanding theTotal MarketDefenseStrategiesExpanding Market ShareCompetitive Marketing Strategiesfor Market Leader第42页/共70页第四十二页,编辑于
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