新标准大学英语四UNIT.pptx

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1、2Howdidshedothis?Howcouldthisbe?IknewIearnedmorethanher,mycarwasnewer,andmyhousewassmarter.Howdidshegettoappearmoreflashthanme?3Now,Ihadajobwhichwasassteady as any job was in those days thats to say,not very,but you know,nocomplaints.I had a mortgage on myhouse,but then who didnt?I paid off allmycre

2、ditdebtattheendofthemonth,soalthough technically,I was in debt to thecredit card company,it was only for amatterofafewweeks.SoIassumedIhadagoodcreditrating.Text 第1页/共103页4Callmesuperficial,andImnotproudofmyself,butthereandthen,Iwassuddenlyjealous of my friend.I decided I no longerwantedabluecard.Iwa

3、ntedagoldone.Agold card was suddenly indispensable,itwouldmake mefeelgoodwithmyself,anddesirabletoothers.5SoIapplied for themostdistinctive,shinygoldencardthecompanyoffered.6Iwasturneddown.Text 第2页/共103页7 When I had recovered from theshock,which took several seconds,Iasked why.It appears that becaus

4、e Ipaymycreditcardbillbothontimeandinfull,Imnotthekindofpersonthatthey want to have their gold creditcard.Theytargetpeoplewhoareproneto impulse-buying,and potentially badcreditrisks,temptedtospendmorethantheyhave,andliabletofallbehindwithrepayments.Thentheycanchargethemmore interest,and earn more mo

5、ney.Thatsthewaytheydobusiness.Text 第3页/共103页8Sodoesthisexplainwhythecreditcard companies are luring impoverishedstudents with unrealistic interest rates,likemykids?9 Three weeks ago,No.2 daughtercamehomefromuniversityfortheweekend.Shes in her second term ofher first year.She has a student loan of3,0

6、00,like most of her friends,and asmall allowance from her poormother(ha!)fortransport,books,livingexpenses.She wears clothes from the local charityshops,and rarely goes out.She huggedme(never usually does that)and thensaid,Mum,Ineedtotalktoyou.Text 第4页/共103页10 What is it,darling?Tell meeverything.11

7、Iveappliedforacreditcard,andIneed someone to act as a guarantee forme.Is it OK if I put down your name?Thankssomuch,Mum,mustdash!Bye.Text 第5页/共103页12 After Id hauled her back into thehouse,it transpired that her bank hadwritten to her offering a credit card at alowinterestforatrialthree-monthperiod,

8、subject to suitability.and so on.Herbank!I trusted them!They know evenbetterthanIdohowbrokesheis.13 Heres a serious question.Why do theycall them credit cards when it would bemoreaccuratetocallthemdebtcards?Text 第6页/共103页14Heres anevenmore seriousstory.Anotherfriendsdaughter,Kelly,wasstudying modern

9、 languages at university,and spent a year overseas.At some pointin the year,there was a change ofprocedure,andKellysbankfailedtoallowher to access her funds in her currentaccount,because the request was fromoutside the UK.Naturally,there was alengthycorrespondencewhileshetriedtosortthisout,sothedela

10、yinbeingabletoaccessherfundsmeantthatshewentintothered,andherdebtsbegantorisemorethan 200 above the agreed limit on heroverdraftof1,500.Text 第7页/共103页15 When Kelly got back home,the bankchargedher100forgoingoverthelimit,andinsistedshepaid30amonthtobringthe balance back to below her limit.Theyomitted

11、totellherthatshewasntactuallypayingoffthedebt,butonlytheexorbitantinterestontheoverspendoftheoverdraft.16SoKellyhadtoturntohercreditcardwhichshehadusedsensiblyandsparinglyuntilthatpoint.Becauseshewasastudent,and because she didnt use itmuch,naturallyhercreditlimitwaslow.Text 第8页/共103页17Andnotsurpris

12、ingly,shecouldntpayoffeventheminimumpaymentonhercreditcardbill.SotherewerenotonlybankText charges owing,but also credit card debts and interest.And of course,she was recorded as being a bad credit risk.第9页/共103页18Thingsthenwentfrombadtoworse.Afew months into her final year,the banknotified her that

13、it was going to reduceheroverdraftfrom 1,500to1,000.Theytold her to apply for a student loan tocovertherest.Butwhentheloancompanydid a credit check,they discovered thecarddebt.19Guesswhat?Shedidntgettheloan.Text 第10页/共103页20Thiswasadelightfulkidwhohadgreatrestraintwithherspendingandwaseconomical abo

14、ut her lifestyle.She didntgoonspendingspreesbuyingnewshoes,and she didnt use her credit card as if(unlikeme)itwasafashionitem.Sheusedittobuyfood,tosurvive.21Andwhathappened?Shehadtodropoutofuniversity.Text 第11页/共103页22 I wish there was a happy ending toKellysstory,althoughmaybetherewillbe.Forthemome

15、nt,shesworkinginthelocalsupermarket,and its probable that shellhave another go at university when shehaspaidoffherdebts.23Sothisiswhatthebanksdo.Theysettrapswhichappealtoourvanityandgreedand sometimes to our basic need forsurvival.And then when we fall into thetrap they shout Got you!Didnt yourealiz

16、eitwasatrap?Text 第12页/共103页24 And here we are today,caught inthecreditcrunch,withworldeconomiesinfree fall,all because the wicked bankersset us traps which we fell into,attractingus with endless publicity for loans ofmoneywhicheventheydidnthave!Itnowappearstheywereborrowingontheirownflashygoldcredit

17、cardstoo.25 So I have a solution to the creditcardtrap,andIwantallofyoutolistentomeverycarefully.Text 第13页/共103页26 I want you to lay out all of yourcredit cards in a line,take a large pair ofscissors and cut them into small pieces.Then put them in an envelope and sendthem to your bank,with a letter

18、saying(more or less)I trusted you and youdeceived me.Youve got the whole worldinto this ridiculous credit card trap,and if I now cut your cards in half,and takeaway yourpotential to tempt money awayfromhonestpeoplelikeme,maybeitwillbeyourturntolearnwhatitsliketorunoutofcash.Text 第14页/共103页27Asforme,

19、Idont wantanymorecredit cards,no more status symbols,nomore bad feelings about wishing I couldshowhowsuperiorIamtoothers.ImnotgoingtoyearnanymoreforwhatIcannotaffordorcannothave.Text 第15页/共103页信用卡陷阱1有一件事我得坦白。几年前，我排队为家人取戏票时，我的朋友也在为她的家人取票。我拿到了票，用信用卡付了账，对这种非现金交易的便利感到很满意。然后就轮到她付款了，整个交易也进行得同样顺利，但我的高兴劲儿很快

20、就变成了莫大的羞耻：我的信用卡太寒酸了，是不显示身份地位的深蓝色卡，而她的信用卡则是高级的金卡。Text 第16页/共103页2她是怎样弄到金卡的？怎么会这样呢？我知道我挣得比她多，我的车比她的车新，我的家比她的家漂亮，她怎么看起来显得比我光鲜呢？3我有一份跟那时候任何工作相比还算安定的工作虽然不是非常安定，不过我也没什么可抱怨的。我是通过按揭贷款买的房子，可那会儿谁买房不贷款呢？我每个月底都付清信用卡欠款。所以，虽然从技术上讲，我欠过信用卡公司的钱，但只是欠几个星期而已。所以我认为我的信用等级应该很高。Text 第17页/共103页4 你可以说我肤浅，而我也并不感到自豪。但就在当时当地，我突

21、然非常嫉妒那位朋友，我决定不要蓝色信用卡了，我要一张金卡。金卡突然变得不可或缺，它会让我自我感觉良好，会让别人觉得我更有魅力。5于是，我去信用卡公司申请最特别、最耀眼的金卡。6可是，我的申请被拒绝了。Text 第18页/共103页7 过了几秒钟，我才从这个打击中回过神来，我问自己为什么被拒绝。显然，因为我每次都按时全额付清信用卡欠款，所以我不是他们想要的那种金卡客户。他们的目标客户是那些随时有购物刷卡的冲动、有潜在信用风险、经不住诱惑超支消费、并且经常延期还款的人。这样他们才有机会收取更多的利息，挣更多的钱，这就是他们的经营之道。Text 第19页/共103页8 这能够解释为什么信用卡公司会用

22、超低利率诱惑像我们家孩子那样的穷大学生吗?9 三个星期前，我的二女儿回家过周末。她在读大一第二学期。和她的大多数朋友一样，她借了3,000 英镑的学生贷款，并从她可怜的妈妈（哈！）那里得到一小笔补贴，用于支付交通费、书费和生活费用。她穿的衣服是从当地的慈善商店买来的，并且她平时也很少出门。她拥抱了我(她以前从不拥抱我)，然后说：“妈妈，我有事要跟您商量。”Text 第20页/共103页10 “亲爱的，什么事啊？都说出来让我听听。”11 “我申请了一张信用卡，需要保证人，我可以填您的名字吗?非常感谢，妈妈，我得赶快走啦，再见。”Text 第21页/共103页12 我费了好大劲儿才把她从外面拽了回

23、来。原来她的银行来信告诉她说：她可以申请一张试用期为三个月的、能够低息贷款的信用卡，只要满足要求如此云云。她的银行！我才不相信他们！他们甚至比我更清楚，我的女儿一贫如洗。13 这里存在一个严重的问题：准确地说这种卡应该叫债务卡，他们为什么要称其为信用卡呢？Text 第22页/共103页14 还有一个更为严肃的故事。我一个朋友的女儿凯丽在大学攻读现代语言，其中一年在国外留学。在留学那一年的某段时间，由于程序上的变动，凯丽的银行限制她在除英国之外的其他国家支取现金账户的资金。通过书信同银行交涉的时间相当长，而未能及时支取账户资金使她欠了银行的债，欠款额超过了透支额度（1,500英镑）200多英镑。

24、Text 第23页/共103页15 凯丽回国后，银行因为她超支扣了她100英镑，并坚持要她每月支付30英镑，以使她的支出能重新控制在透支额度之内。但银行没有告诉她，每月支付的30英镑并不是用来偿清欠款，而只是支付超额透支的巨额利息。16 因此凯丽不得不求助于信用卡。在此之前她在用信用卡时一直非常小心谨慎，并且也很少用信用卡。由于她是学生，又很少用信用卡，她的信用额度自然就比较低。Text 第24页/共103页17 毫不奇怪，她甚至无法偿还信用卡账单的最小还款额。所以她不仅欠银行手续费，而且还欠信用卡的账款及利息。当然，她因此被银行登记为信用风险高的人。Text 第25页/共103页18 事情越

25、来越糟。大学最后一年刚过几个月，银行就通知她：她的透支额度由1,500英镑减少到1,000英镑。他们让她申请学生贷款来填补缺口。可是，贷款公司检查她的银行信用时发现了她的信用卡欠款。19 猜猜结果如何？她没有申请到学生贷款。Text 第26页/共103页20 凯丽是个讨人喜欢的孩子，消费节制有度，生活节俭。她并没有疯狂刷卡买鞋子，也没有把信用卡当成时髦玩意儿（不像我），她只是用信用卡买食物等生活必需品。21 结果怎样呢？她不得不退学。Text 第27页/共103页22 我希望凯丽的故事会有个好的结局，也许会有好结局的。现在，她在当地的一家超市工作，等她还清债务后可能会继续完成大学学业。23 这

26、就是银行的所作所为。他们常常利用我们的虚荣和贪婪，有时也利用我们生存的基本需求给我们设下陷阱。等我们掉进陷阱时，他们就会大喊：“抓住你啦！你当初没想到这是个陷阱吧？”Text 第28页/共103页24 这就是我们现在的处境。随着世界经济一落千丈，我们都处在信贷危机之中。所有这一切都是因为邪恶的银行家通过大量广告推销他们压根就不存在的贷款来吸引我们，给我们设圈套。现在真相大白了：他们也在用自己手中金光闪闪的金卡借钱！25 我有一个破解信用卡圈套的办法，各位请仔细听。Text 第29页/共103页26 我要你们把所有的信用卡排成一排，拿一把大剪子把它们剪成碎片，然后把碎片装进信封寄回给银行，并附上

27、一封信，上面（或多或少地）写上：“我信任你，可你却欺骗了我。你让全世界的人都钻进了这个荒谬的信用卡圈套。我把你的卡剪成了两半，让你再也不能像骗我这样的老实人一样去骗其他人的钱了，也许该让你来体验一下身无分文的滋味了。”Text 第30页/共103页27 至于我，我再也不想要信用卡了，也不要身份的象征了，也不用费心思去炫耀我比别人优越了。我再也不会奢望我买不起或我无法得到的东西了。Text 第31页/共103页Words&Phrasestransactionabjectfairlypatheticexclusiveflashcomplaintriskpotentiallyproneshinydi

28、stinctivedesirableindispensablenaturallyoverseasbrokesuitabilitytranspirehugunrealisticcredit ratingsuperficialjealousimpoverishedlureliableomitoverdraftcorrespondence第32页/共103页Words&Phrasesexorbitantoverspendsensiblysparinglynotifydelightfulrestraintflashypublicitybankerwickedcrunchgreedvanityecono

29、micalspreeprobableyearndeceive第33页/共103页Words&Phrasesin fullput downit transpired(that)into/out of the redomit to do sth.go from bad to worselay out第34页/共103页transactionn.C(fml)theactionorprocessofbuyingorsellingsth.交易；买卖e.g.1.The security of electronic commerceconsists of network security and busin

30、esstransactionsecurity.电子商务安全包括网络安全和商务交易安全。2.Wehavefinallyconcludedthetransactionthroughnegotiation.经过谈判，我们终于达成了这笔交易。3.Buyingahouseisanimportanttransactionformostpeople.买房子对大多数人来讲都是件重要的事。Words&Phrases第35页/共103页abject a.(fml)complete:used foremphasizinghowbad,unpleasant,orsevereasituationorconditioni

31、s完全的（用于强调非常糟糕、不愉快或严峻的形势或条件）e.g.1.Inaslum,peopleliveinabjectpoverty.在贫民区，人们生活在赤贫之中。2.Thispolicyhasturnedouttobeanabjectfailure.这一政策最后以惨败而告终。3.Hisletterplungedherintoabjectmisery.他的信使她陷入极度痛苦之中。Words&Phrases第36页/共103页fairlyad.1)toquiteahighdegree;toanacceptableextent相当，很；还算e.g.1.Sheseemedfairlyphilosop

32、hicalabouttheloss.她对所受损失似乎还算看得开。2.Shesfairlyresponsivetonewideas.她相当愿意接受新观念。3.Iwasfairlycertainshehadnothingtodowiththeaffair.我相当肯定她与此事无关。2)honestly;withjustice公平地；公正地e.g.Ithinkhewasquitefairlytreatedbythepolice.我认为警察对他非常公正。Words&Phrases第37页/共103页pathetica.1)useless or not effective in an annoyingwa

33、y差劲的；没用的；令人生厌的e.g.Moneyandfineclothescouldnotmendthesedefectsorcoverthemup;theyonlymadethemthemoreglaringandthemorepathetic.金钱和漂亮衣服都不能弥补这些缺点，也不能把它们掩饰起来；反而使这些缺点更刺眼、更讨厌。2)if someone or sth.looks or soundspathetic,youfeelsympathyforthem可怜的；令人同情的e.g.It was pathetic to watch her conditiondeterioratedayby

34、day.看着她的健康状况日益恶化，真是可怜。Words&Phrases第38页/共103页exclusivea.1)very expensive,and therefore availableonlytopeoplewhohavealotofmoney高档的；奢华的e.g.1.Thetennisclubhasanexclusivemembership.这家网球俱乐部的成员都是些有钱人。2.Bel Air is an exclusive suburb of LosAngeles.贝莱尔是洛杉矶郊外一处高级住宅区。2)limited to a particular person,thing,org

35、roupandnotsharedwithothers专用的；独有的e.g.This bathroom is for the Presidentsexclusiveuse.这浴室是总统专用的。Words&Phrases第39页/共103页3)published or reported by only onenewspaper,magazine,television stationetc（报纸或杂志的）独家报道的，独家专文的e.g.1.The reporter had an exclusive interviewwiththeNobelprizewinner.那位记者独家采访了那位诺贝尔奖得主。2

36、.ThestoryisexclusivetoWashingtonPost.华盛顿邮报独家报导了这个故事。Words&Phrases第40页/共103页flash a.(infml)ifsomeoneisflash,they own expensive things in order toshowhowmuchmoneytheyhave奢华的，炫耀的，显摆的（通常表示不喜欢这样的人）e.g.1.Hehasabigflashcarathisdisposal.他有一辆阔气的大车子供他使用。2.Chrisdidntwanttoseemflashinfrontofhismates.克里斯不想在他的同伴面

37、前显得是在摆阔。Seealso:flashy.Words&Phrases第41页/共103页complaintn.1)C a written or spoken statement inwhichsomeonesaystheyarenotsatisfiedwithsth.诉苦的话；怨言；牢骚e.g.1.She lodged a complaint against thewaiter about his poor service with therestaurantmanager.她向餐厅经理投诉这名服务员的恶劣服务。2.Ihavenocomplaintsaboutthequalityofhis

38、work,butIdontenjoyhiscompany.我并不是抱怨他的工作质量，而是不喜欢和他一起工作。Words&Phrases第42页/共103页2)Utheactofcomplaining投诉；意见e.g.1.Whatarethegroundsforcomplaint?你提的意见有什么证据？2.We accept your justified complaint forimproperpackingandagreetoreplacethedamagedpieces.我们接受你方关于包装不善的正当投诉，并同意调换损坏的货物。3.He who makes constant complai

39、nt getslittlecompassion.谚经常诉苦，少人同情。Wordfamily:complainv.Words&Phrases第43页/共103页credit rating n.C financial information aboutsomeone that a bank or shop uses fordeciding whether to lend them money ortogivethemcredit信用评价；信用等级e.g.1.If your credit rating is poor the lendermayrefuseyoucredit.如果你的信用等级不佳，贷

40、方就可能拒绝你的贷款申请。2.It is very important to set up theindividualcreditratingsystem.建立个人信用体系非常重要。Words&Phrases第44页/共103页superficial a.1)shallow,lackingsubstance（思想）浅薄的，缺乏深度的e.g.1.Her speech was superficial and full ofgeneralities.她的发言既肤浅又空泛。2.Thesearesuperficialpolicychangesthathelpnoone.这些政策上的变化太肤浅，帮助不了任

41、何人。2)affectingorinvolvingonlythesurfaceoroutsidepartofsth.表面的，表皮的e.g.Sunburn is an inflammation of thesuperficiallayersoftheskin.晒伤是皮肤表皮的一种炎症。Words&Phrases第45页/共103页jealous a.(of)unhappybecausesomeone has sth.that you would like orcandosth.thatyouwouldliketodo妒忌的；妒羡的e.g.1.Theyareinherentlyjealousand

42、suspicious.他们与生俱来地善妒和多疑。2.Being on guard against those who arejealousofyoursuccess.要提防那些嫉妒你成功的人。Wordfamily:jealousyn.Words&Phrases第46页/共103页indispensable a.difficultorimpossibletoexistwithoutortodosth.without不可缺少的；必不可少的e.g.1.Fertilesoilisindispensableforagriculture.肥沃土壤对农业而言是不可或缺的。2.Manypeoplefindco

43、ffeeinthemorningindispensable.好多人觉得早晨喝一杯咖啡是不可缺少的。Wordfamily:indispensability n.Words&Phrases第47页/共103页Choose the best answer.In the Chinese household,grandparentsand other relatives play _ roles inraisingchildren.(CET4-2002-01)A)incapableB)indispensableC)insensibleD)infiniteWords&PhrasesB第48页/共103页d

44、esirable a.sth.thatisdesirablehasqualitiesthatmakeyouwantit令人向往的；吸引人的e.g.1.Thehousehasadesirablelocationwithaviewofthelake.那所房子的地点让人神往，有一片湖景。2.Nothingcouldbemoredesirablethanforthembothtogetjobsinthiscity.要是他俩都能在这座城市找到工作，那就再好不过了。Wordfamily:desire v.desirability n.Words&Phrases第49页/共103页distinctive a

45、.characteristicofonepersonorthing,andsoservingtodistinguishitfromothers与众不同的；特殊的；特别的；有特色的e.g.1.The packaging should be modern anddistinctive.其包装应该是现代的、独特的。2.Saturnisknownforitsdistinctiverings.土星以其与众不同的光环而出名。Wordfamily:distinctively ad.Cf.Distinct handwriting is clear writing;distinctivehandwritingi

46、swritingyoudontconfusewithsomeoneelses.Words&Phrases第50页/共103页Cf.distincta.clearlydifferentorbelongingtoadifferenttype明显不同的，截然不同的，不同种类的Fill in the blanks with distinctive,distinctively or distinct.1.Fund-raising is a _ Americanthing,since U.S.schools rely heavily ondonations.(CET4-2009-12)筹募资金的活动是美国

47、的独特事物，因为美国的学校主要依赖于捐款运营。2.Silk is _ from rayon in everyrespect.真丝在各个方面都跟人造丝截然不同。3.He has a _ appearance,you canrecognizehimeasily.他的外貌有显著的特征，你能轻易地认出他。Words&Phrasesdistinctivelydistinctdistinctive第51页/共103页shiny a.sth.thatisshinyhasabrightsurfacethatreflectslight（表面）发亮的，闪光的e.g.1.Whatshinyshoesyourewea

48、ring!你穿的鞋子可真亮啊！2.The castle looked shiny and beautifulunderthefireworks.在焰火中城堡显得既闪耀又美丽。Wordfamily:shine v.Words&Phrases第52页/共103页prone a.(to)likelytodosth.orbeaffectedbysth.,especiallysth.bad有倾向的；可能受影响的e.g.1.Somepeoplearepronetohastyconclusions.有些人往往作出轻率的结论。2.Peoplearemorepronetomakemistakeswhenthey

49、aretired.人们疲劳时更容易出差错。3.He is prone to lose his temper whenpeopledisagreewithhim.人家一不同意他的意见，他就发脾气。Words&Phrases第53页/共103页potentially ad.possiblytrueinthefuture,butnottruenow可能地；潜在地e.g.1.Potentially higher wages may worseninflationarypressure.高薪水有可能会加剧通货膨胀的压力。2.Navajo remained potentially valuable asc

50、odeevenafterthewar.战后，纳瓦霍语在加密方面仍有潜在价值。3.Are they potentially harmful to theconsumeroftheplant?它们对该植物的食用者是否有潜在的危害？Words&Phrases第54页/共103页risk n.C a person or companyconsidered according to how safe it is tolend them money or give them insuranceorcredit贷款对象；保险对象e.g.1.Drivers under 21 are regarded as p